Sara A. Kreindler, Mikayla Hunter, Graham W. Lea
et al.
Abstract Background Despite growing evidence of the potential of arts-based modalities to translate knowledge and spark discussion on complex issues, applications to health policy are rare. This study explored the potential of a research-based theatrical video to increase public capacity and motivation to engage with the complex issues that make Emergency Department wait times such an intractable problem. Methods Larry Saves the Canadian Healthcare System is a digital musical micro-series developed from extensive research examining system-level causes of Emergency crowding and the ineffectiveness of prevailing approaches. We released individual episodes and a revised full-length version on YouTube, using organic promotion strategies and paid advertising. We used YouTube Analytics to track views, engagement and viewer demographics, and content-analyzed viewer comments. We also conducted five university-based screenings; 92 students completed questionnaires, rating Larry on 16 descriptors using a 7-point Likert scale. Results From June 2022 through May 2023, Larry garnered over 100,000 views (76,752 of the full-length version, 35,535 of episodes), 1329 likes, 2780 shares, and 139 comments. Views and watch time were higher among women and positively associated with age. Among YouTube comments, the predominating themes were praise for the video and criticism of the healthcare system. Many commenters applauded the show’s accuracy, humor, and/or resonance with their experience; several shared healthcare horror stories. Students overwhelmingly agreed with all positive and disagreed with all negative descriptors, and nearly unanimously deemed the video informative, thought-provoking, and entertaining. Most also affirmed that it had increased their knowledge, interest, and confidence to participate in discussions about healthcare issues. Neither gender, primary language, nor employment in healthcare predicted ratings, but graduate students and those 25+ years old evaluated the video most positively. Discussion These findings highlight the promise of research-informed musical satire to inform and invigorate discourse on an urgent health policy problem. Larry has reached tens of thousands of viewers, garnered excellent feedback, and received high student ratings. Further research should directly assess educational and behavioural outcomes and explore what facilitative strategies could maximize this knowledge translation product’s potential to foster informed, impactful policy dialogue.
IntroductionVoluntary organizations play an important role in today's society (Alfes, 2018:1-2). In Iran, an important part of the economy is dedicated to the non-profit sector (Ayodo, 2021). In all organizations, weakness in management weakens non-profit organizations (Pyanov et al., 2021). Accordingly, it is very important to better understand the factors that influence the decision-making of organization managers (Cyr et al., 2022:1-2). Charitable organizations should strive to demonstrate the highest level of performance; Because a well-managed charity organization will ensure a higher reputation and more donations (Crettez et al., 2021:26). Charitable organizations, as spontaneous support institutions, have a significant impact on the process of poverty alleviation and social harm (Nayeri et al., 2021:2). Part of the challenges of charities, at the micro level, include people's lack of trust in how to spend donations and poor communication between charities and donors (Ayodo, 2021) and limited resources (Alfes, 2018:1-2). Considering the diversity of charitable organizations, the necessity of designing a large system of charity is felt twice. The design of this system should be based on the opinions of actors and activists in the field of charity affairs. Therefore, improving and reforming the governance system of charity affairs should be based on the views and experiences of non-governmental and governmental charities, which requires a general understanding of their approaches and mindsets. In the theoretical literature, topics such as charity in the economy, the definition of charity, the ratio of government and non-government sectors in charity affairs, and issues and problems of governance of charity affairs in the country are discussed.Research MethodologyIn the current research, Q methodology was used, which is included in the category of applied research. This method is mixed and exploratory and has no hypothesis. For the current research, in the stage of gathering the discourse space and cue cards, the interview tool was used, and in the quantitative stage, the cue table was used, and for the quantitative data analysis, exploratory factor analysis was used. To understand the discourse environment, due to the limited number of interviews and reports published on the Internet, and also for further accreditation, interviews were conducted with 23 managers of governmental and non-governmental charities and several expert professors in this field.Research FindingsIn this research, in the first stage of selecting the Q sample phrase, 87 selected phrases were obtained. Finally, 31 terms have been selected. In the next step, 23 experts were studied and were given Q statements and tables to complete, and finally, 18 Q answers were used for analysis. In the mentioned research, face validity was used and Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the study, and the present value was 0.96. In the current study, the value of the KMO index is equal to 546. In Q methodology, the pebble diagram is used to show the most important factors in terms of the determined amount of variance. From the first factor onwards, the explanatory variance suddenly drops sharply. Therefore, the previous six factors will be used for factor analysis. In general, for the current research, the rotated matrix has been applied using the Varimax method. Participants No. 6, 9, and 11 form the first mental model, participants No. 1, 2, 5, 15, and 18 form the second mental model, participants No. 7, 10, and 12 form the third mental model, participants No. 4 and 14 form the fourth mental model, participants Number 3 and 17 form the fifth mental model and participants number 8, 10, 13, and 16 form the sixth mental model jointly. Six types of mentality were obtained, which include, 1) those who support popularization with a focus on government regulation, 2) those who support the performance of charities, 3) those who support the transparent presence of the people, 4) opponents of government administration, 5) the sovereigntists, and 6) propagandists.Discussion and ConclusionBased on the results obtained in the current research, six types of thinking and mentality were obtained. The first group believes in the principle of popularization of charity affairs and considers it an important issue, but they think that this popularization should be under the supervision and guidance of the government as the supervising, controlling, and guiding authority. The second group pays more attention to issues that lead to the improvement of the performance and effectiveness of charities, and they believe that the solution to poverty is to promote and solve these problems within charities. The third group, believing in the weakness of the government and the lack of public trust in it, emphasizes mechanisms to attract the attention of the people, and unlike the first group, they do not believe much in government intervention in the regulatory debate. The fourth group's mindset is based on strong opposition to the entry of the government and its administration, and they introduce the best work of the government to collect taxes from the rich to allocate to the deprived. The sovereigntists and those who say full government ownership form the fifth mentality, who are very cautious about people's participation and consider a minor role for them. According to them, the performance of non-governmental charities should be under the supervision and full control of the government. Finally, the sixth mentality emphasizes the element of advertising and promotion of the good deed, as well as efforts to attract people's participation. According to the results of the present research, the common element that exists among all mentalities, although with intensity and weakness, is the need for better and more involvement of the non-governmental sector and public charities. This issue can be taken into consideration as a common axis for discussion to reach a favorable governance structure. Other issues such as the level of government influence and tenure, how to design the propaganda system, etc. are among the issues about which there are differences of opinion.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
The primary objective of the current research is to identify the impact that COVID-19 had on the Creative Business in Bulgaria and their first steps for recovery from the crisis. Our research is based on official and reliable Bulgarian National Statistical Insti-tute data. Based on the number of employed persons, the sectors most affected by COVID-19 in the creative business are sound recording and music publishing, photography, and advertising. For the period 2017-2022, there has been a slowdown in the growth rate of gross wages in the creative industries. This slowdown is most noticeable in 2019 and mainly in 2020, followed by a smooth and gradual recovery. At the same time, creative business companies in Bulgaria received the most extensive support in terms of public funding in 2020. The most generously supported sectors in 2020 within the Creative Industries are Advertising, followed by the Production and distribution of films and television shows and Computer Programming. The Creative Business companies in Bulgaria demonstrated relatively good sustainability and adaptability during and after the COVID-19 crisis. The rates in profit change confirm the serious negative impact of the pandemic (results in 2019 and 2020). Still, at the same time, it reveals a good level of resilience and recovery of the companies (results for 2021 and 2022).
Felix Naughton, Aimie Hope, Chloë Siegele-Brown
et al.
Background During a quit attempt, cues from a smoker’s environment are a major cause of brief smoking lapses, which increase the risk of relapse. Quit Sense is a theory-guided Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention smartphone app, providing smokers with the means to learn about their environmental smoking cues and provides ‘in the moment’ support to help them manage these during a quit attempt. Objective To undertake a feasibility randomised controlled trial to estimate key parameters to inform a definitive randomised controlled trial of Quit Sense. Design A parallel, two-arm randomised controlled trial with a qualitative process evaluation and a ‘Study Within A Trial’ evaluating incentives on attrition. The research team were blind to allocation except for the study statistician, database developers and lead researcher. Participants were not blind to allocation. Setting Online with recruitment, enrolment, randomisation and data collection (excluding manual telephone follow-up) automated through the study website. Participants Smokers (323 screened, 297 eligible, 209 enrolled) recruited via online adverts on Google search, Facebook and Instagram. Interventions Participants were allocated to ‘usual care’ arm (n = 105; text message referral to the National Health Service SmokeFree website) or ‘usual care’ plus Quit Sense (n = 104), via a text message invitation to install the Quit Sense app. Main outcome measures Follow-up at 6 weeks and 6 months post enrolment was undertaken by automated text messages with an online questionnaire link and, for non-responders, by telephone. Definitive trial progression criteria were met if a priori thresholds were included in or lower than the 95% confidence interval of the estimate. Measures included health economic and outcome data completion rates (progression criterion #1 threshold: ≥ 70%), including biochemical validation rates (progression criterion #2 threshold: ≥ 70%), recruitment costs, app installation (progression criterion #3 threshold: ≥ 70%) and engagement rates (progression criterion #4 threshold: ≥ 60%), biochemically verified 6-month abstinence and hypothesised mechanisms of action and participant views of the app (qualitative). Results Self-reported smoking outcome completion rates were 77% (95% confidence interval 71% to 82%) and health economic data (resource use and quality of life) 70% (95% CI 64% to 77%) at 6 months. Return rate of viable saliva samples for abstinence verification was 39% (95% CI 24% to 54%). The per-participant recruitment cost was £19.20, which included advert (£5.82) and running costs (£13.38). In the Quit Sense arm, 75% (95% CI 67% to 83%; 78/104) installed the app and, of these, 100% set a quit date within the app and 51% engaged with it for more than 1 week. The rate of 6-month biochemically verified sustained abstinence, which we anticipated would be used as a primary outcome in a future study, was 11.5% (12/104) in the Quit Sense arm and 2.9% (3/105) in the usual care arm (estimated effect size: adjusted odds ratio = 4.57, 95% CIs 1.23 to 16.94). There was no evidence of between-arm differences in hypothesised mechanisms of action. Three out of four progression criteria were met. The Study Within A Trial analysis found a £20 versus £10 incentive did not significantly increase follow-up rates though reduced the need for manual follow-up and increased response speed. The process evaluation identified several potential pathways to abstinence for Quit Sense, factors which led to disengagement with the app, and app improvement suggestions. Limitations Biochemical validation rates were lower than anticipated and imbalanced between arms. COVID-19-related restrictions likely limited opportunities for Quit Sense to provide location tailored support. Conclusions The trial design and procedures demonstrated feasibility and evidence was generated supporting the efficacy potential of Quit Sense. Future work Progression to a definitive trial is warranted providing improved biochemical validation rates. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN12326962. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (NIHR award ref: 17/92/31) and is published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 12, No. 4. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.
Plain language summary Smokers often fail to quit because of urges to smoke triggered by their surroundings (e.g. being around smokers). We developed a smartphone app (‘Quit Sense’) which learns about an individual’s surroundings and locations where they smoke. During a quit attempt, Quit Sense uses in-built sensors to identify when smokers are in those locations and sends ‘in the moment’ advice to help prevent them from smoking. We ran a feasibility study to help plan for a future large study to see if Quit Sense helps smokers to quit. This feasibility study was designed to tell us how many participants complete study measures; recruitment costs; how many participants install and use Quit Sense; and estimate whether Quit Sense may help smokers to stop and how it might do this. We recruited 209 smokers using online adverts on Google search, Facebook and Instagram, costing £19 per participant. Participants then had an equal chance of receiving a web link to the National Health Service SmokeFree website (‘usual care group’) or receive that same web link plus a link to the Quit Sense app (‘Quit Sense group’). Three-quarters of the Quit Sense group installed the app on their phone and half of these used the app for more than 1 week. We followed up 77% of participants at 6 months to collect study data, though only 39% of quitters returned a saliva sample for abstinence verification. At 6 months, more people in the Quit Sense group had stopped smoking (12%) than the usual care group (3%). It was not clear how the app helped smokers to quit based on study measures, though interviews found that the process of training the app helped people quit through learning about what triggered their smoking behaviour. The findings support undertaking a large study to tell us whether Quit Sense really does help smokers to quit.
Scientific summary Background Three million UK smokers attempt to stop smoking each year, but over 80% relapse. A lapse (any smoking) early on in a quit attempt is strongly associated with subsequent relapse back to smoking. Approximately half of all lapses are due to environmental smoking cues which can elicit cravings to smoke, such as the presence of cigarettes or being in a location which a smoker associates with smoking. Few interventions are effective at targeting cue-induced cravings. Smokers are more likely to prevent lapses if they better understand their smoking cues and use lapse prevention strategies, such as controlled deep breathing or avoiding other smokers, to combat these. This would likely help them avoid or cope with cue-induced cravings, but smokers typically lack skills in applying these effectively. If smokers trying to quit used effective lapse prevention strategies, this would very likely increase their chances of success. With patient and public involvement, we developed, refined and piloted a theory-guided Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention smartphone app called Quit Sense that provides support to help smokers manage environmental cues to smoke as they arise. Pilot studies have shown that Quit Sense can provide ‘in the moment’ support to smokers, including lapse prevention strategies, and that users will engage with the app and find it acceptable. As Quit Sense is such a novel intervention, before a ‘definitive’ randomised controlled trial (RCT) can be conducted to test effectiveness, it is important to first undertake a RCT to establish whether such a study might be feasible. Objectives The main objective was to conduct a feasibility RCT of Quit Sense to inform a definitive effectiveness trial, by estimating: completion rates for the anticipated primary outcome for a full trial (6-month self-reported abstinence with biochemical validation, based on the Russell standard); usual care arm cessation rate; cost of recruitment using online advertising; rates of app installation, use and acceptability; completion of smoking cessation-related resource use and quality-of-life data; intervention effect on anticipated primary outcome; intervention effect on hypothesised mechanisms of action of app at 6 weeks post enrolment; participant views of the app, as part of a qualitative process evaluation. Design A parallel, two-arm RCT with an embedded qualitative interview process evaluation was undertaken. The evaluation included a preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis and a nested randomised study [Study Within A Trial (SWAT)] assessing the effects of different financial incentives on 6-month follow-up rates. Setting The study setting was online and trial procedures were primarily automated. Participants Participants were recruited via online adverts on Google search, Facebook and Instagram, screened for eligibility on the study website and enrolled if they were regular smokers, aged 16 years and above, were willing to make a quit attempt and owned an Android smartphone. Interventions After completing the baseline questionnaire participants were then randomly allocated to a ‘usual care’ arm (text message referral to NHS SmokeFree website) or a ‘usual care’ plus Quit Sense arm, via a text message invitation to install the Quit Sense app. The Quit Sense app required users to set a quit date and then, leading up to their quit date, alongside other support features, invited them to report their smoking in real time and indicate the presence of key environmental smoking cues using a smoking behaviour logging tool. Once their quit date arrived, the app used location sensing and what it had learnt about the individual’s smoking behaviour to tailor the timing and content of support messages when they spent time in self-identified high-risk locations. The support and advice aimed to help smokers learn about their smoking behaviour, prepare for their quit attempt and promoted the use of effective lapse prevention strategies during their quit attempt. Main outcomes measures All participants were contacted at 6-week and 6-month follow-up. This was done initially by text message with an embedded link to the follow-up questionnaires or, if no response, manually by telephone. As part of a SWAT, participants underwent secondary randomisation to receive either a £10 or £20 incentive for completion of the 6-month questionnaire. Four progression criteria and corresponding thresholds for seeking to undertake a definitive trial were set a priori. Criteria were met if each threshold was included in or lower than the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the estimate. Trial measures included health economic and outcome data completion rates (progression criterion #1 threshold: ≥ 70%), including biochemical validation rates (progression criterion #2 threshold: ≥ 70%), recruitment costs, app installation (progression criterion #3 threshold: ≥ 70%) and engagement rates (progression criterion #4 threshold: ≥ 60%), the app’s effect on biochemically verified abstinence at 6 months (anticipated primary outcome of definitive trial) and hypothesised mechanisms of action. The qualitative process evaluation sought to identify participants’ views of the trial and the Quit Sense app. The protocol and statistical and health economics analysis plan were pre-specified and published (open access). Results Of the people screened (N = 323), 299 (93%) were eligible and 209 (65% of screened) were consented and randomised either to the usual care arm (n = 105) or to the Quit Sense arm (n = 104). Completion of self-reported smoking questions was 71% (149/209; 95% CI 65% to 77%) and 77% (160/209; 95% CI 71% to 82%) at 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively, and at 6 months 70% provided both cessation support resource use data and EuroQol-5 Dimensions five level (EQ-5D-5L) data. Among those self-reporting abstinence at 6 months follow-up, 39% (95% CI 24% to 54%) returned a viable sample for biochemical verification, although return rates were higher in the Quit Sense than the usual care arm (52% vs. 19%). Online recruitment was completed successfully within the planned 6-week period, split into two campaigns, with a per-participant cost of £19.20, split into advert (£5.82) and running costs (£13.38). In the Quit Sense arm, 75% (95% CI 67% to 83%) of participants installed the app and, of these, 100% set a quit date within the app and 51% (95% CI 39% to 63%) engaged with it for more than 1 week. At final follow-up, the rate of 6-month biochemically verified sustained abstinence, which we anticipated would be used as a primary outcome in a future study, was 11.5% (12/104) in the Quit Sense arm and 2.9% (3/105) in the usual care arm (estimated effect size: adjusted odds ratio = 4.57, 95% CI 1.23 to 16.94). Similar effects were observed for biochemically verified secondary abstinence outcomes at 6-month follow-up and sensitivity analyses. Effect sizes were smaller and non-significant for self-report only abstinence and there was no evidence of a between-arm difference in abstinence at 6-week follow-up. Participants in the Quit Sense arm had higher rates of lapse avoidance in the first 2 weeks of their quit attempt or post enrolment compared to usual care though this was not statistically significant (29.6% vs. 19.2%; p = 0.14). There was no evidence of between-arm differences in hypothesised mechanisms of action of the app, including the mean frequency of lapse prevention strategy use [mean difference (MD) −0.07; p = 0.46], smoking cessation self-efficacy (MD 0.18; p = 0.39), strength (p = 0.23) and frequency (p = 0.83) of urges to smoke or the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives subscales of automaticity (p = 0.51) and associative processes (p = 0.58). The qualitative process evaluation identified several potential pathways to abstinence among Quit Sense arm participants. Interviewed participants reported finding the insights gained from engaging with the smoking behaviour learning tool before their quit attempt started particularly valuable. They reported that this reinforced their commitment to quit, helped them better understand the drivers of their smoking behaviour and challenged the need for them to smoke. Some also reported finding regular and location-specific support messages encouraging and motivational and that this reinforced the goal of quitting and made them feel equipped when they spent time in locations that they used to smoke in. Participants highlighted several factors which led to disengagement with the app, including relapse, no longer feeling they needed support, not finding the app met their needs and technical issues. Participants also provided suggestions for app improvement relating to logging smoking, adding gamification elements and improved support triggering. Interviewed participants from both arms highlighted how COVID-19 measures had affected their smoking behaviour and restricted the time they spent outside of their home, which would have had implications for location-based cessation support. In terms of the main cost-drivers, e-cigarettes/vaporisers and nicotine replacement therapy accounted for more than 70% of the total non-intervention costs. The total intervention cost (recruitment advertising and maintaining the Quit Sense app) was estimated to be £28.51 per participant. In both groups, the mean EQ-5D-5L score at both 6-week and 6-month follow-up was lower than that at baseline. A preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis using EQ-5D-5L score as the outcome estimated that the intervention was both more costly and less effective, compared to standard care, though there was no significant difference in cost or effect between the two groups. The SWAT analysis indicated that increasing the incentive for completing follow-up from £10 to £20 did not increase response rates at 6 months (74% vs. 79%; p = 0.36) but did reduce the proportion of participants requiring manual follow-up (62% vs. 46%; p = 0.018) and the median response time to responding (15 days vs. 7 days; p = 0.016). Conclusions The Quit Sense RCT design and procedures demonstrated feasibility and generated preliminary efficacy evidence of the app on abstinence at 6-month follow-up, although how the app may achieve this is not clear. Three out of the four pre-specified feasibility progression criteria for moving to a definitive trial – completion rate of self-reported abstinence at final follow-up and the rate of Quit Sense installation and engagement – were met. The return of saliva samples among quitters was lower than anticipated, though this can likely be increased in a future trial through increased incentivisation and enhanced procedures. Progression to a definitive trial is warranted. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN12326962. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (NIHR award ref: 17/92/31) and is published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 12, No. 4. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.
Mina Abdolalizadeh, Bita Shahmansoory, Robabeh Pourjebeli
Purpose: The spread of consumption in this day and age has gone so far that today it is considered an indicator of lifestyle and even some find modern life without consumption meaningless and unthinkable. In this regard, since the consumption of smuggled cosmetics in West Azerbaijan province has an increasing trend, so in this study, the communicative and social determinants and factors affecting the consumption of smuggled cosmetics in West Azerbaijan province are investigated.Method: The research method is an applied type as regards purpose and has been carried out using a survey method. The statistical population includes citizens over 15 in West Azerbaijan province, 674 of whom have been selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire and research variables are above 0.7, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the variables. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS and Lisrel software.Findings: The findings showed that the consumption of smuggled cosmetics and toiletry products is more than average among the respondents and the use of domestic media is less than average and the use of foreign and virtual media is above average. The results of explanatory analyses in the quantitative phase of the research showed the variables of gender (in favor of women), socio-economic status (in a positive direction), rate of using internal media (in a negative direction), rate of using external media (in a positive direction), The use of virtual media (in a positive direction), health literacy (in a negative direction) and tendency towards differentiation (in a positive direction) have a significant impact on the consumption of smuggled cosmetics and toiletries. It is explained that the impact of foreign and virtual media is greater than other variables.Conclusion: As a result of lack of content management and inaccuracy in advertising in the virtual sector and social media, the possibility of emergence and escalation of social issues and all kinds of deviant trends related to consumerism in the field of cosmetics and toiletry products increases. Also, domestic mass media can be effective in reducing the consumption of cosmetics by not broadcasting commercial advertisements at intervals.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources, Communication. Mass media
Horațiu Vasile BORZA, Ionuț Călin CĂZAN, Smaranda Adina COSMA
A generalized migration of the consumers to digital channels was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. In this context, the purpose of the research was to analyze the online options the consumer of religious services had and the way Church adapted its communication at the new circumstances. Questions regarding the intensity of communication, posts’ type or frequency, and reactions were investigated through a longitudinal retrospective study focused on Facebook platform. More than 6,150 posts and 1.6 million reactions were included. Distinctive profiles were observed: monasteries vs. urban parishes vs. rural ones. The study suggests that the pattern of consumers’ reactions was influenced by the type of the posts. The impact that online messages have, advocates for a professional approach or support in communication. The results may serve as informational input for a future unitary communication strategy of religious entities.
This article aims to analyze how fatherhood is performed on Instagram by examining the domains of involvement. Parental roles and behaviors have changed in the last years and are currently a relevant social and scientific topic. The way that fatherhood is performed is also a frequent subject on social media, spreading the ideal of a new fatherhood and portraying the father as committed to childcare duties. The hashtag “fatherhood” was used to identify posts on Instagram representing father involvement. A final sample of 121 posts was identified. Results depicted three main domains in fatherhood’s online representations of involvement: (1) child caregiving; (2) fathers as a source of the child’s affection; and (3) fathers involved in play, committed to the child’s interests and offering new opportunities of stimulation. The display of fatherhood as a role requiring dedication and effort also emerged, but to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, only positive emotions were shared, depicting pleasure in the performed role, and communicating an ideal and self-enhancing profile. Moreover, posts seemed to disseminate an ideal of fatherhood rather than raise questions or discuss the challenges related to it. Findings uncover how media social representations of fatherhood are still an unfinished process, failing to capture diversity and challenges in contemporary families.
This article analyzes the recent initiatives about the Kanon certification concerning the Orthodox world and, more precisely, Greece. It questions the role that the monastic products, but also the religious certifications (like halal, kosher and the Catholic brand Monastic), play in a new approach of economic realities. It examines the use of the religious imaginary by Greek advertising. The aim is to show how the recent demand for monastic products is linked to restoration promises of the economic equilibrium, consumerism becoming in this context not only an experience but also an act of engagement. Another issue treated in this framework, the possibility for the religious domain to redefine the priorities and principles of commercial exchanges.
In the US, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine remains underutilized leading to disparities in HPV-related diseases. Latinx have some of the highest rates of cancer caused by HPV. In a previous study, we developed a tailored-messaging based online educational intervention (CHICOS) that was found to increase HPV vaccination intention among Latinx participants. The current research uses Facebook Advertising to test the comparative effectiveness of messages designed using the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM) to promote the use of CHICOS among Latinx young adults and parents of adolescents. We also looked at differences in the effectiveness of messages that highlighted HPV-related cancers, genital warts, or a control condition as well as differences in Spanish vs. English messages. Results found Latinx young adults and parents, were more likely to click on Facebook Advertisements containing messages in Spanish and those that mention cancer risks pertinent to this population compared to those in English or messages that discuss genital warts. Thus, findings suggest that Facebook Advertising has the potential to be a useful tool for motivating information seeking online about HPV vaccination.
Brand placement in videogames consists in integrating various brands that are not intrusive to give a feeling of reality to the context, as such increasing awareness and recognition of the brand in the mind of the consumer. The goal of this study is to ascertain if brand position, familiarity and congruency influence memorization of brands presented in a racing videogame. An experimental design 2 (position: prominent or subtle) × 2 (congruency: yes or no) × 2 (familiar: yes or no) was used in a sample of 117 participants (M = 20.91 years, SD = 1.75 years). Consumers have better recall and recognition of brand placement when it is familiar. Likewise, there is more memorization of placement that is congruent with the videogame’s subject matter. Nevertheless, it appears that position has no influence on memory. Regarding the three-way interaction, it turns out that the best way to remember brands is when they are familiar to the consumers, congruent with the videogame’s genre, and they are positioned in a prominent position. This article is the first to investigate the interaction between the three main variables that affect the memorization of brand placement.
This paper explores the views of different ideas regarding popular culture and uses them as a framework to compare other ideas regarding images, messages, and emotional approaches in advertising. In addition to identifying areas of interactions between popular culture, advertising, and pop arts, the research exposes some observations in advertising professionals' working theories. We also argue that dialogue among different fields and practitioners provides an opportunity to enhance advertising theory and practice in postmodern culture. To analyze the functioning of advertising in today’s postmodern conditions as part of the process of social and aesthetic transformations in society, with an emphasis on the links among/between popular culture, arts, and advertising.
Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
This paper discusses the role of the World Wide Web as an advertising medium and its position in the marketing communication mix. It introduces a conceptual framework for measuring the efficiency of a Web site. Efficiency indexes are defined for five Web advertising communication activities, and an overall measure of Web site efficiency measure is presented.