Dasmarni, An Nisa Alya, Anusirwan Hamidi Harahap
et al.
Analisis kebutuhan serta pemilihan model desain pembelajaran merupakan langkah krusial untuk meraih tujuan pendidikan di MI/SD. Artikel ini mengkaji peran analisis kebutuhan, ciri-ciri siswa MI/SD, serta model desain pembelajaran yang tepat. Melalui penelitian literatur, ditemukan bahwa model ASSURE, ADDIE, Dick & Carey, dan Kemp memiliki ciri-ciri yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pendidikan di sekolah dasar. Pemilihan model perlu memperhatikan ciri-ciri perkembangan kognitif, sosial, dan emosional siswa. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model yang luwes, interaktif, dan berfokus pada siswa lebih berhasil dalam menciptakan pengalaman pembelajaran yang signifikan.
Arezoo Dastpak, Monica Williams, Sally D. Perkins
et al.
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) characterizes a tradeoff between building a leaf for durability versus for energy capture and gas exchange, with allocation to leaf dry mass per projected surface area (LMA) being a key trait underlying this tradeoff. However, regardless of the biomass supporting the leaf, high rates of gas exchange are typically accomplished by small, densely packed stomata on the leaf surface, which is enabled by smaller genome sizes. Here, we investigate how variation in genome size‐cell size allometry interacts with variation in biomass allocation (i.e. LMA) to influence the maximum surface conductance to CO2 and the rate of resource turnover as measured by leaf water residence time. We sampled both evergreen and deciduous Rhododendron (Ericaceae) taxa from wild populations and botanical gardens, including naturally occurring putative hybrids and artificially generated hybrids. We measured genome size, anatomical traits related to cell sizes, and morphological traits related to water content and dry mass allocation. Consistent with the LES, higher LMA was associated with slower water residence times, and LMA was strongly associated with leaf thickness. Although anatomical and morphological traits varied orthogonally to each other, cell size had a pervasive impact on leaf functional anatomy: for a given leaf thickness, reducing cell size elevated the leaf surface conductance and shortened the mean water residence time. These analyses clarify how anatomical traits related to genome size‐cell size allometry can influence leaf function independently of morphological traits related to leaf longevity and durability.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of porous organic crystalline material, which have become an emerging platform for promoting the development of green energy technology due to their high surface area, adjustable pores, low skeleton density, and easy functionalization. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of synthesis technology, the synthesis efficiency and sustainability of COFs have been significantly improved, from traditional solvothermal methods to the emergence of various green synthesis strategies such as ion thermal, mechanochemical, and ultrasound assisted methods. This article reviews the main synthesis methods of COFs and explores their applications in the field of green energy, such as photocatalysis, gas adsorption and separation, electrocatalysis, battery, supercapacitor and Proton exchange membrane fuel cell. By analyzing the performance and mechanism of COFs in these applications in detail, this article further looks forward to the challenges and future development trends faced by COFs in green energy technology, aiming to provide valuable reference and inspiration for researchers in related fields.
Calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CPKs) play crucial roles in plant guard cell signal transduction. Ethylene is known to induce stomatal closure, with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐nitric oxide (NO) signalling module being pivotal to this process. However, the specific roles of CPKs in this process and their interactions with H2O2 and NO remain unclear. In this study, we screened Arabidopsis mutants of nine CPKs and found that in the loss‐of‐function mutants for CPK3, CPK4, CPK6, CPK11, CPK21, and CPK33, exogenous ethylene failed to induce stomatal closure, indicating that these CPKs act as positive regulators in ethylene‐induced stomatal closure. Mutants' stomatal responses to H2O2 and NO treatment and changes of endogenous H2O2 and NO levels in guard cells upon ethylene treatment indicated that CPK3, CPK4, CPK11, and CPK33 function upstream of the H2O2‐NO module, while CPK6 and CPK21 act downstream. Furthermore, NADPH oxidases play critical roles in ethylene‐induced H2O2 production. We identified the interactions of CPK3, CPK4, and CPK11 with AtRBOHF, and CPK4 and CPK11 with AtRBOHD using four different assays, and exogenous ethylene enhanced these interactions. These results suggest that CPK3, CPK4, and CPK11 may mediate ethylene‐induced H2O2 formation in guard cells through their interactions with AtRBOHD/F. Additionally, exogenous ethylene significantly upregulates the expression of CPK3, CPK4, CPK6, CPK11 and CPK21, providing a potential mechanism by which ethylene modulates CPKs. Our findings not only establish the role of CPKs in ethylene guard cell signalling but also offer insights into the mechanism by which ethylene activates NADPH oxidases to initiate H2O2 production.
ABSTRACT This research will investigate the interdependence and meso (e.g. interorganisational) risks in the service supply chain with platformisation during the disruption. The tourism supply chain (e.g. Booking, Expedia, and TripAdvisor) during the pandemic was examined by using SEC-mandated public risk disclosures to quantify risk using Dirichlet distribution-based topic modelling with a natural language processing method. The results revealed the interdependence to constitute vulnerability and challenges in managing risks, which helps understand the service supply chain compared to the traditional supply chain. For academics, this paper has contributed to advancing our understanding of the role of platformisation and service redesign with reconfigurability of service supply chain. Practitioners in the tourism supply chain may obtain insights to navigate and negotiate service supply chain relationships at the interorganisational level during the disruption.
The purification of polymer-grade (>99.9%) olefins (mostly C2 and C3) represents a significant yet challenging process in petrochemical industry. The commonly employed method for hydrocarbon separation involves heat-driven distillations. Adsorptive separation based on porous solids offer the potential to purify olefins under ambient conditions, rendering considerable energy and environmental benefits. In particular, one-step purification of alkenes through selective adsorption of their corresponding alkanes and alkynes stands out as a promising technique. Notably, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), possessing finely tunable pore structures (pore size/shape/internal chemical environment), hold great potential in this regard. In this review article, we outline recent progresses in the development of MOFs for one-step adsorptive purification of alkenes from alkane/alkene/alkyne ternary mixtures, with an emphasis on the rational regulation of pore structures for desired separation.
Due to climate change, drought has emerged as a major threat to maize production globally. To explore the molecular mechanisms of drought stress adaptation at the maize seedling stage, previously identified as drought‐tolerant inbred line CML323 and drought‐sensitive inbred line CB2‐49‐1 were treated for 5 days (d) of drought treatment, and day 0 was defined as the time point when soil water content reached 60% of the field water content. After drought treatment, a change in carotenoid content was detected; at the same time, the leaves were collected for transcriptome analysis. Analyzing the mechanisms of drought stress response in the third leaf stage at physiological and transcriptional levels. The results showed that: (1) The number of DEGs in CML323 was 32.98% more than that in CB2‐49‐1 at 1 day of drought, which could rapidly activate the ABA signaling pathway to reduce water loss through stomatal closure and osmoregulation; (2) CML323 maintained the stable expression of photosystem genes and had a significantly higher carotenoid content of 21.43% compared to CB2‐49‐1 at 5 days of drought stress. And carotenoids synergized with substances such as isoprene to scavenge ROS; (3) Co‐expression network analysis identified a hub gene, ZmPBS1, which may positively regulate drought stress. In summary, changes in the expression of crucial genes and signal transmission processes are induced by drought stress, thus initiating adaptive and protective mechanisms. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation and photosynthetic stability under drought stress in maize.
Cold tolerance in plants is a complex trait regulated by a network of transcription factors (TFs) and their downstream genes. While C‐repeat binding factors (CBFs) are well‐known for their role in cold tolerance, other regulatory networks remain largely unexplored. This study utilizes a combined approach of Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing (ATAC‐seq) and RNA‐seq to identify cold‐responsive TFs in Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass), a species widely grown in southern China but limited by cold stress. Early‐stage cold stress was found to induce dynamic changes in 331 differentially accessible regions (DARs), with over 45% located in gene promoter regions. Key TFs, including CAMTA1, CAMTA2, WRKY43, WRKY48, WRKY21, and DREB1G, were associated with gained DARs, highlighting their roles in cold response regulation. In contrast, several Heat Shock Factor (HSF) family members, such as HSFA6B, HSFB2A, HSFC1, and HSFB2B, were linked to lost DARs, underscoring their involvement in cold stress regulation. The correlation between chromatin accessibility and gene expression emphasizes the critical role of TFs in plant cold stress adaptation. This study highlights the potential of ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq as powerful tools for uncovering novel TFs essential for cold tolerance in plants, offering insights for future research and breeding efforts.
Focusing on cultural sustainability, this study used structural equation modeling to develop and validate an extended model comprising the theory of reasoned action and the stimulus–organism– response framework, in order to investigate how cultural, social, emotional, and functional attributes influence consumers' intention to purchase cultural and creative products in museums. Respondents were 503 online consumers in China. We found that cultural, social, and emotional attributes were significantly related to consumers' perceived value and behavioral attitudes, whereas functional attributes were primarily associated with behavioral attitudes. Perceived value accounted for 21.1% of the variance in purchase intention and indirectly accounted for 31.5% of the variance throughthe mediator of behavioral attitudes. This research extendsthe applicability of the theory of reasoned action and the stimulus–organism– response model to cultural and creative products and offers practical guidance for museums in designing and marketing products that promote cultural heritage and foster sustainable development.
We examined the relationship between parental phubbing and emotional and behavioral problems of 3–5-year-old children, focusing on the mediating role of parent–child conflict. We conducted a survey with 1,042 parents at four kindergartens in Fujian Province, China. Results showed that parental phubbing was positively correlated with children's emotional and behavioral problems and with parent–child conflict, which, in turn, was correlated with children's emotional and behavioral problems. Parent–child conflict mediated the relationship between parental phubbing behavior and children's problems, accounting for 40.78% of the total effect. These findings indicate that reducing parental phubbing may mitigate parent–child conflict and support children's emotional development.
Brain-inspired neuromorphic electronics have been extensively studied as systems for wearable devices, neuroprostheses, and soft machines, offering solutions to the limitations of conventional von Neumann computing systems and enabling efficient information processing. Among these, synaptic transistors with vertical structures are gaining significant attention as promising candidates for flexible neuromorphic electronics, owing to their unique structural features, such as ultrashort channel lengths and vertical carrier transport, which provide superior performance, mechanical flexibility, and high-density integration. Vertical synaptic transistors (VSTs) not only combine the functionalities of information processing, memory, and sensing/responding within a single device but also enable the realization of diverse synaptic properties, effectively mimicking the information processing and sensory capabilities of biological nervous systems. Achieving both mechanical flexibility and excellent electrical performance in VSTs necessitates a strong focus on the active layer, prompting extensive research into various flexible semiconducting materials. This review explores the diverse range of flexible semiconducting materials employed in VSTs and their fundamental operating mechanisms. Additionally, it highlights recent advancements in VSTs and systems developed to replicate the functionalities of biological nervous systems.
Rac/Rop proteins, a kind of unique small GTPases in plants, play crucial roles in plant growth and development and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, it is poorly understood whether cotton Rac/Rop protein genes are involved in mediating cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Here, we focused on the function and mechanism of cotton Rac/Rop gene GhRac9 in the defense response to Verticillium dahliae infection. The expression level of GhRac9 peaked at 24 h after V. dahliae infection and remained consistently elevated from 24 to 48 h upon SA treatment. Furthermore, silencing GhRac9 using VIGS (Virus‐induced gene silence) method attenuated cotton defense response to V. dahliae by reducing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) burst, peroxidase activity and lignin content in cotton plants. On the contrary, heterologous overexpression of GhRac9 enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to V. dahliae and significantly increased ROS production in Arabidopsis plants. Furthemore, transient overexpressing of GhRac9 significantly enhanced ROS burst and POD activity in cotton plants. In addition, GhRac9 positively regulated the expression levels of the genes related to SA signaling pathway in cotton plants. In conclusion, GhRac9 functioned as a positive regulator in the cotton defense response to V. dahliae, which provided important insights for breeding new cotton varieties resistant to V. dahliae.