Hasil untuk "Microbiology"

M. Firestone, E. Davidson, M. Andreae et al.

D. Updegraff

J. Daisey, W. J. Angell, M. Apte

We reviewed the literature on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), ventilation, and building-related health problems in schools and identified commonly reported building-related health symptoms involving schools until 1999. We collected existing data on ventilation rates, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and symptom-relevant indoor air contaminants, and evaluated information on causal relationships between pollutant exposures and health symptoms. Reported ventilation and CO2 data strongly indicate that ventilation is inadequate in many classrooms, possibly leading to health symptoms. Adequate ventilation should be a major focus of design or remediation efforts. Total volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde (HCHO) and microbiological contaminants are reported. Low HCHO concentrations were unlikely to cause acute irritant symptoms (<0.05 ppm), but possibly increased risks for allergen sensitivities, chronic irritation, and cancer. Reported microbiological contaminants included allergens in deposited dust, fungi, and bacteria. Levels of specific allergens were sufficient to cause symptoms in allergic occupants. Measurements of airborne bacteria and airborne and surface fungal spores were reported in schoolrooms. Asthma and 'sick building syndrome' symptoms are commonly reported. The few studies investigating causal relationships between health symptoms and exposures to specific pollutants suggest that such symptoms in schools are related to exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), molds and microbial VOCs, and allergens.

A. Molander, C. Reit, G. Dahlén et al.

A. Forrest, D. Nix, C. Ballow et al.

J. Richmond, R. W. McKinney

R. Davis, F. Serres

R. Ballance, J. Bartram

A. Wood, D. Kelly

Jim A. Wright, Stephen W. Gundry, R. Conroy

D. Naumann, D. Helm, H. Labischinski

Jin-Gab Kim, A. Yousef, Sandhya Dave

B. Lund, Tony C. Baird-Parker, G. Gould

M. Khadre, A. Yousef, Jin-Gab Kim

Yingchao Li, Dake Xu, Changfeng Chen et al.

Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major cause of corrosion damages, facility failures, and financial losses, making MIC an important research topic. Due to complex microbiological activities and a lack of deep understanding of the interactions between biofilms and metal surfaces, MIC occurrences and mechanisms are difficult to predict and interpret. Many theories and mechanisms have been proposed to explain MIC. In this review, the mechanisms of MIC are discussed using bioenergetics, microbial respiration types, and biofilm extracellular electron transfer (EET). Two main MIC types, namely EET-MIC and metabolite MIC (M-MIC), are discussed. This brief review provides a state of the art insight into MIC mechanisms and it helps the diagnosis and prediction of occurrences of MIC under anaerobic conditions in the oil and gas industry.

J. Otter, S. Yezli, J. Salkeld et al.

Jiayi Tang, Jiachao Zhang, Liheng Ren et al.

Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a serious global issue because of their persistence in the environment and the non-biodegradable nature leading to their accumulation to toxic levels. In order to achieve early warning and prevent soil quality from deteriorating, it is necessary to select suitable indices to diagnose heavy metal pollution. Microbiological indices for monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals are gaining attention. However, the related researches are scattered, and critical review is imperative. This review is mainly to provide readers with an in-depth understanding of the merits and limitations of microbiological indices for heavy metals contaminated and remediated soils. Microbiological indicators include microbial abundance, community diversity and structure, functional activity. The changes of different microbiological indices and the mechanism of microbial response to heavy metal stress in soils are comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, research gaps and future directions of the microbial ecotoxicological diagnosis of soil contamination by heavy metals are also proposed and discussed.

F. Downes, Keith A. Ito

R. Shields, B. Potoski, G. Haidar et al.

D. Rosa, M. Dias, Ł. Grześkowiak et al.