Hasil untuk "Hungary"

Éva Csajbók, Éva Csajbók, Sándor Bordé et al.

IntroductionOverweight and obesity represent major global public health challenges. We designed a prevention-oriented lifestyle program targeting adults living with overweight or mild obesity, with the primary objective of preventing further weight gain and improving overall health through a multidomain intervention in a real-world community setting.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from a non-randomized, prospective observational study. Adults aged 18–65 years (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) motivated to improve their quality of life participated in a 9-month community-based educational program (“Body Weight Management Program”) in a Hungarian township (2015–2022). The intervention consisted of regular medical, nutritional, and psychological consultations, complemented by compulsory individualized physical training. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline (month 0) and reevaluated at 3, 6, and 9 months, and at 21 and 33 months post-intervention. Quality of life was assessed using the ORWELL-97 questionnaire at baseline, at the end of the active program, and at 21 and 33 months.ResultsThree hundred eight subjects were enrolled (281 women, 27 men; data are presented as mean and quartiles [Q1; Q3]: BMI: 30.5 kg/m2 [28.1; 32.3]). Participant retention declined over time, with 88% at 3-months visit, 67% at 6-months visit, and 68% completing the 9-month program. Long-term follow-up data were available for only a subset of participants. BMI decreased gradually during the intervention with a mean absolute change of −1.57 kg/m2 (95% CI: −1.81 to −1.32) by the end of the program. The corresponding mean absolute body weight reduction was −4.30 kg (95% CI: −4.97 to −3.64), body fat percentage decreased by −3.02 percentage (95% CI: −3.62 to −2.41). Quality of life improved significantly and durably, with the OxR score decreasing by a mean of 76.06 points (95% CI, −89.33 to −62.79) from baseline to the end of the intervention, and the improvement was sustained at 21- and 33-month follow-up.ConclusionParticipation in our newly developed nine-month program was associated with a marked and durable improvement in quality of life, which was maintained up to 33 months of follow-up. Although the observational design precludes causal inference, the persistence of these improvements suggests a potentially meaningful long-term benefit.

Rita Póczos

M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony, Mohammad Bin Amin, Aysha Ashraf et al.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed Human Resource Management (HRM), offering efficiency and objectivity in processes like recruitment and performance evaluation. However, AI-driven HRM systems are not without challenges, particularly regarding the biases embedded in their design, which can disproportionately affect marginalized groups—including non-binary individuals, women, racial minorities, and persons with disabilities. This paper investigates the risks of discrimination in AI recruitment tools and HR analytics, focusing on the risks of algorithmic discrimination affecting marginalized groups and the resulting implications for fairness, compliance, and career advancement in the workplace. By employing a doctrinal research methodology, the study examines the legal, ethical, and policy frameworks governing AI in HRM, highlighting the regulatory gaps that allow bias to persist. Through an analysis of legal precedents, AI ethics guidelines, and real-world case studies, the paper proposes actionable solutions for creating more inclusive AI-driven HRM practices. Largely, this study aims to inform policymakers, HR professionals, and AI developers about the importance of ensuring fairness and inclusivity in AI systems, fostering a more equitable work environment for all individuals, regardless of gender identity.

Zsolt Vincze, Andras Rovid

Using point cloud sequences is a popular way to harness the additional information represented in the time domain in order to enhance the performance of 3D object detector neural networks. However, it is not trivial to decide which abstraction level should the additional information presented to the network, or what is the point in the architecture, where aggregating the additional information is most beneficial. In this article, the authors propose various voxel-based networks and analyze their performance in relation to the abstraction level of the time series data. During the evaluation, the authors examine the object detection performance of a popular voxel-based neural network with its original architecture and several variants where the time domain related features were propagated through the network and aggregated at different stages of processing. Based on the evaluation results, a conclusion is drawn regarding the abstraction level at which the time-series aggregation step is performed in order to improve the performance of the baseline voxel-based detector.

Erika Fekete, Emília Csiszár

Chitosan, alginate, and chitosan–alginate (50:50) mixed hydrogels were prepared by freeze casting, freeze-drying, and subsequent physical cross-linking. Chitosan was cross-linked with citrate and alginate with calcium ions, while the mixed gels were cross-linked with both cross-linking agents. Both cryogels and xerogels were obtained by lyophilization and drying of the hydrogels. We investigated the effect of the chemical composition and the physical state of gels on the gel structure and sorption of model dyes. Alginate and mixed gels cross-linked with Ca2+ ions sorbed 80–95% of cationic dye from the solutions. The chitosan gels are primarily capable of adsorbing anionic dyes, but at near-neutral pH, their capacity is lower than that of alginate gels, showing 50–60% dye sorption. In the case of alginate gels, the dye sorption capacity of xerogels, cryogels, and hydrogels was the same, but for chitosan gels, the hydrogels adsorbed slightly less dye than the dried gels.

Gábor Piszter, Krisztián Kertész, Dávid Kovács et al.

Colloidal Cu2O nanoparticles can exhibit both photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination and resonant Mie scattering, but, for their practical application, they have to be immobilized on a substrate. Butterfly wings, with complex hierarchical photonic nanoarchitectures, constitute a promising substrate for the immobilization of nanoparticles and for the tuning of their optical properties. The native wax layer covering the wing scales of Polyommatus icarus butterflies was removed by simple ethanol pretreatment prior to the deposition of Cu2O nanoparticles, which allowed reproducible deposition on the dorsal blue wing scale nanoarchitectures via drop casting. The samples were investigated by optical and electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrophotometry, microspectrophotometry, and hyperspectral spectrophotometry. It was found that the Cu2O nanoparticles integrated well into the photonic nanoarchitecture of the P. icarus wing scales, they exhibited Mie resonance on the glass slides, and the spectral signature of this resonance was absent on Si(100). A novel bio-nanohybrid photonic nanoarchitecture was produced in which the spectral properties of the butterfly wings were tuned by the Cu2O nanoparticles and their backscattering due to the Mie resonance was suppressed despite the low refractive index of the chitinous substrate.

Zoltán Mándy

In my imaginations are about all the developments which can be connect with human health.In this study I show what are the main problems with all of the technological developmets all around the globe.There are so many publications which discuss the main problems and they tries to show the solutions, but these are the most difficult problems because the human do not want to leave the easier solutions about his life nowadays. It is enough to mention that the uses of bicycle instead of the cars especially ever since the European Union finished the all around development so bicycle ways in  the area of and between the cities in  Europen countries. It is important to know, that there are so many talented student in University of Miskolc, at Faculty of Healthcare, for example at Health-visitor and prevention professionals, who interested in in multi-and interdisciplinar borderlines of professionalism between science of health and law and technological science.We have to mention that this study is a begin of a new trend in this Faculty.

Jonas Bornemann

In early July, the Orbán government announced that it would extend a program that grants third country nationals simplified access and stay to work in Hungary to Russian and Belarussian nationals. This blog maps the ways in which Hungary’s policy might undermine the security of the Schengen area and surveys the tools Member States and EU institutions have at their disposal to counter it. Should the Hungarian government fail to dispel the concerns raised by its extension of the national card system, these mechanisms should be activated to safeguard the security of the Schengen area.

Richard Marangoni

Cél: Jelen írás bemutatja az 1914. április 14–18. között Monacóban megrendezett I. Nemzetközi Igazságügyi Rendőrkongresszust és annak eredményeit, valamint az Interpol Közgyűlésének százéves évfordulóján megemlékezik a 2014. november 3–7. között Monacóban tartott 83. Közgyűlésről. Módszertan: A cikk megírásához monacói levéltári dokumentumokat használt fel a szerző. Ezek közül néhány közzétételre is kerül. Megállapítások: A 20. század elejétől kezdve a Monacói Hercegség egy előrelátó államfő, I. Albert herceg vezetésével erőteljesen részt vett a különböző országok igazságügyi rendőrségei közötti nemzetközi együttműködés kialakítását és a bűnügyi információcserék javítását célzó intézkedések végrehajtásában, hogy megkönnyítse a bűnözők felkutatását és letartóztatását. E célból Monaco 1914-ben megszervezte az első kongresszust, amely rendőröket és jogászokat látott vendégül, akiknek az volt a feladatuk, hogy javaslatokat dolgozzanak ki az új igények kielégítésére, és mintegy húsz ország képviselőit közvetlen kapcsolatba hozzák egymással. Azonban az első világháború kitörése megszakította a megkezdett nemzetközi eszmecserék megerősítésének folyamatát, amelynek egy 1916-ra tervezett második állomáshoz kellett volna vezetnie, és amely végül csak 1923-ban folytatódott. Érték: 2023-ban lesz a Nemzetközi Bűnügyi Rendőrség Szervezete megalakulásának századik évfordulója, amelyből a Nemzetközi Bűnügyi Rendőrségi Szervezet – Interpol – lett. Történelmi szempontból érdekes megvizsgálni a bűnözés elleni küzdelemre szakosodott nemzetközi intézmény megalapításának kezdeteit, és felidézni, hogy ez a konstrukció egy régebbi, a 20. század elején kezdeményezett gondolkodás eredménye, amely először egy 1914-es monacói kezdeményezésen keresztül valósult meg (amelyről 2014-ben szintén Monacóban emlékeztek meg). Az akkori szakértők által a hercegség meghívására elfogadott és ebben a közleményben bemutatott határozatok hangsúlyozzák az általuk azonosított problémák pontosságát, valamint a javasolt megoldások relevanciáját, amelyek közül néhány ma is érvényes.

Ágnes Erőss, Katalin Kovály

Az utóbbi évtizedek társadalomföldrajzi kutatásai behatóan foglalkoznak a köztér és a politika viszonyának elemzésével (Massey 1994, Mitchell 2003). Ezen kutatások feltárták, hogy a város köztérnevekből, szobrokból és emlékművekből álló szimbolikus tere egy-egy politikai fordulat alkalmával jelentősen átalakul (Light 2004). Az Euromajdant követően, 2015-ben került elfogadásra Ukrajnában az ún. „kommunizmustalanító törvénycsomag”, amely minden korábbinál átfogóbban rendelkezett a szovjet múlt szimbólumainak közterekből való kötelező száműzéséről. A dekommunizáció kiterjedt a település- és köztérnevek mellett a városi tér egyéb elemeire, jelentősen átformálva azok arculatát. Jelen kutatás homlokterében a dekommunizáció térbeli vonatkozásainak vizsgálata áll. Célunk annak áttekintése, hogy a dekommunizáció nyomán milyen fő változások következtek be egyrészt az ukrán fővárosban, Kijevben és ezzel párhuzamosan az ország politikailag és gazdaságilag egyaránt perifériáján lévő Kárpátalja település- és köztérneveiben. Vizsgálatunk másik célja – Ungvár, a Beregszászi járás és Beregszász város példáján – rávilágítani arra, hogy a dekommunizáció nyomán hogyan valósul meg a lokális emlékezet térbeli reprezentációja.

Judit Lantos, Tibor Németh, Zsanett Barta et al.

Surgical procedures cause stress, which can induce an inflammatory response and reduce immune function. Following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), non-intubated thoracic surgery (NITS) was developed to further reduce surgical stress in thoracic surgical procedures. This article reviews the pathophysiology of the NITS procedure and its potential for reducing the negative effects of mechanical one-lung ventilation (mOLV). In NITS with spontaneous ventilation, the negative side effects of mOLV are prevented or reduced, including volutrauma, biotrauma, systemic inflammatory immune responses, and compensatory anti-inflammatory immune responses. The pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines released from accumulated macrophages and neutrophils result in injury to the alveoli during mOLV. The inflammatory response is lower in NITS than in relaxed-surgery cases, causing a less-negative effect on immune function. The increase in leukocyte number and decrease in lymphocyte number are more moderate in NITS than in relaxed-surgery cases. The ventilation/perfusion match is better in spontaneous one-lung ventilation than in mOLV, resulting in better oxygenation and cardiac output. The direct effect of relaxant drugs on the acetylcholine receptors of macrophages can cause cytokine release, which is lower in NITS. The locoregional anesthesia in NITS is associated with a reduced cytokine release, contributing to a more physiological postoperative immune function.

Rosario Medel-Ortiz, Roberto Garibay-Orijel, Andrés Argüelles-Moyao et al.

<i>Agaricus</i> is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae, with several highly priced edible and medicinal species. Here we describe <i>Agaricus macrochlamys</i>, a new species, in <i>A</i>. sect. <i>Arvenses</i>, sympatric and morphologically cryptic with the edible and medicinally cultivated mushroom, <i>A. subrufescens</i>. Phylogenetic analyses showed that <i>A. macrochlamys</i> is closely related to <i>A. subrufescens</i>, and that <i>A. fiardii</i> is a new synonym of <i>A. subrufescens</i>. Despite being morphologically cryptic, <i>A. macrochlamys</i> can be distinguished from <i>A. subrufescens</i> by several ITS and <i>tef1α</i> species-specific markers and a 4-bp insertion in the <i>tef1α</i> sequence. Furthermore, <i>A. subrufescens</i> is a cosmopolitan species, while <i>A. macrochlamys</i> distribution is so far restricted to Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and the United States.

Dawid Szyba, Anna Bajorek, Dorota Babilas et al.

New resorbable Ca32Mg12Zn38Yb18-2xBxAux (x = 1,2) alloys were designed and prepared in order to verify their use for medical applications as potential short-term implants. Their amorphous structure containing some crystalline phases (CaZn, CaZn2 and MgZn) was determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction and electron microscopy methods. The biocorrosion behavior of the plates was tested by hydrogen evolution measurements, immersion, electrochemical polarization tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in Ringer's solution at 37 °C. The corrosion analysis was also supplemented by X-ray diffraction, photoelectron, and ICP-AES spectroscopy. The corrosion resistivity measurements revealed that the alloys manifest enhanced corrosion resistance. The corrosion current density for Ca32Mg12Zn38Yb18-2xBxAux (x = 1, 2) alloys were 18.46 and 8.79 μA/cm2, which is lower than for pure Mg (47.85 μA/cm2) and Zn (33.96 μA/cm2). A decreasing tendency for hydrogen to evolve as a function of time was noted. The hydrogen evolution did not exceed 1 ml/cm2 over 1 h and average corrosion rate is calculated as 0.32 g/m2 . h for Ca32Mg12Zn38Yb14B2Au2 alloy after 312 h. The corrosion mechanism of the alloys includes an anodic dissolution, a hydroxide precipitation, corrosion product layer formation and corrosion propagation stage.

Zita Wachal, Anna Szilágyi, Barbara Takács et al.

Barsi Boglárka

István Waltner, Sahar Saeidi, János Grósz et al.

As soil erosion is still a global threat to soil resources, the estimation of soil loss, particularly at a spatiotemporal setting, is still an existing challenge. The primary aim of our study is the assessment of changes in soil erosion potential in Hungary from 1990 to 2018, induced by the changes in land use and land cover based on CORINE Land Cover data. The modeling scheme included the application and cross-valuation of two internationally applied methods, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA) models. Results indicate that the changes in land cover resulted in a general reduction in predicted erosion rates, by up to 0.28 t/ha/year on average. Analysis has also revealed that the combined application of the two models has reduced the occurrence of extreme predictions, thus, increasing the robustness of the method. Random Forest regression analysis has revealed that the differences between the two models are mainly driven by their sensitivity to slope and land cover, followed by soil parameters. The resulting spatial predictions can be readily applied for qualitative spatial analysis. However, the question of extreme predictions still indicates that quantitative use of the output results should only be carried out with sufficient care.

Georgina Árváné Ványai, Judit Katonáné Kovács, Péter Popovics et al.

Jelenleg a középfokú intézményekben tanulók, akik az elkövetkezendő néhány évben válnak “vevőivé” a felsőoktatásnak, az úgynevezett Z generáció tagjai. A Z generáció az 1990-es évek elejétől a 2000-es évek végéig született és jelentősen különbözik az őt megelőző Y generáció tagjaitól. Nevezik őket a Megosztó Generációnak, de Digitális Generációnak is. Az ő generációjuknak teljesen mások a tanulási szokásai, a tanulással, tudással kapcsolatos elvárásai. Ez felveti a kérdést, hogy a hagyományos tanítási, oktatási  módszerek mennyire alkalmasak az ő fejlesztésükre, hatékony képzésükre. Jelen tanulmányban a szerzők kvalitatív módszerekkel vizsgálják a középfokú intézmények jelenleg 11. évfolyamos hallgatóit, általánosságban a felsőoktatással, kiemelten pedig az üzleti felsőoktatással szembeni elvárásaik tekintetében.

Zoltán Bartha, László Molnár

In this paper we develop and present the SLEM model created to measure the market potential of local goods supplied by the entrepreneurs of the Cserehát region, one of the most deprived regions of Hungary. The SLEM model evaluates goods along four dimensions: supplier conditions, labour conditions, (professional) embeddedness, and market conditions. The four pillars were measured with factors that are easily accessible, and so the evaluation can be repeated with other regions as well. In case of Cserehát, we have identified the following five groups of local goods with the greatest potential: animal husbandry; honey; spices and pharmaceutical crops; nature tourism; and mineral water.

Erika Sólyom

In the present paper, I aim to shed light on the importance of cultural competence from three perspectives. First, in my capacity as a sociolinguist, I will talk about how Hungarian culture is incorporated in the textbook "Colloquial Hungarian" (Rounds and Sólyom 2011), providing particular examples from various dialogues and cultural notes from the book. I believe that linguistic competence, communicative competence, and cultural competence are equally important parts of foreign language teaching and foreign language learning. Second, as a foreign language instructor at U.S. study abroad programs, I plan to discuss the importance of cultural norms of the speakers of the local language in the host country. Third, as a director of an American cultural and resource center in Budapest, I will talk about the importance of building bridges between two cultures, describing the goals and missions of the center as well as giving specific examples of the activities of the American Corner Budapest.

M. Krajnc, R. Ambrozic, U. Sebenik

Novel epoxy-benzoxazine emulsions designed for water-based coatings were prepared and investigated. Bisphenol A-based epoxy resins with molar weights of 340, 377 and 1750 g/mol along with epoxidized soybean oil were emulsified using mono- and bi-functional benzoxazine surfactants, which are able to react with epoxy resins at their cure temperature. The structure of synthesized surfactants carrying one or two polyether chains was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry. Stability of emulsions was verified by particle diameters measurements. Coatings, made directly from emulsions, were dried and cured at elevated temperature using 3,3'-dimetoxybenzidine as curing agent to ensure a highly cross-linked structure of thermosetting films. Curing process, thermal properties and hardness of cured films were investigated. It was found that benzoxazine molecules were well incorporated into the epoxy network upon curing, which ensures no void structure of cured copolymer and enhanced coating properties.