Hasil untuk "Physiology"

M. MacInnis, M. Gibala

H. Pörtner

D. Kültz

Choiri Muhamad Fatin, Yulianto Gatot, Boer Mennofatria

The small-scale fisheries of Paraja Bay are a complex system that plays a vital role in people's livelihoods. This study aims to map the connectivity of social-ecological components in small-scale fisheries systems in Paraja Bay, Banten, Indonesia. Social-Ecological Systems Framework (SESF) approach was applied to identify key variables in the small-scale fisheries system. The SESF variables were then analyzed using Social- Ecological Networks Analysis (SENA) with the igraph program in R. The analysis revealed 33 nodes and 58 edges of interaction in the system. The analysis identified fishing activity (FishAktv) and regulation as the most central nodes, which are important links in the system. Nodes such as income, debt, and lift net owners also function as strategic nodes in connecting the social, economic, and institutional dimensions. The results show the importance of key elements such as economics and governance for intervention and policy in system networking. The combined SESF and SENA approach has proven to provide a more holistic understanding of the dynamics of small-scale fisheries systems.

Michal Ješeta, Jana Antalíková, Adéla Doubravská et al.

The separation of human spermatozoa is an important step in therapy of human infertility. Given that male fertility is decreasing and, as a result, fertilization techniques based on microinjection of sperm into the cytoplasm are being used more intensively, this question is becoming increasingly relevant. In recent years, microfluidic sperm processing techniques have been increasingly used. These methods are simple and easy to use, however, the question is to what extent they select the correct sperm. They are essentially based mainly on motility and do not reflect other navigational approaches such as chemotaxis, thermotaxis or rheotaxis. This review compares traditional, advances and novel in vitro methods of sperm separation which are commonly used during human infertility therapy in context of in vivo sperm separation in female reproductive system.

Imene Djaalab, Samia Haffaf, Hadria Mansour-Djaalab et al.

Animal Welfare has a significant impact on the dairy cow’s health, behaviour, productivity and milk quality. By implementing husbandry practices that respect the physical, behavioural and emotional needs of dairy cows, the dairy industry can improve the sustainability of its operations and meet rising expectations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of housing systems (free vs. tied) on dairy cow health through musculoskeletal health indicators and lameness scores. The hypothesis that dairy cows reared in free housing have a better quality of health than cows reared in restrained housing is tested. Thus, 300 dairy cows of the Holstein and Montbeliarde breeds were selected from dairy farms in five municipalities of Constantine province (eastern Algeria). The results showed that the frequency of severe lameness did not exceed 12% in stalls with restraints and more than 42% of light lameness are in free-stall housing (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These results reflect a lack of comfort in restricted housing, with an impact on dairy performances. Moreover, the monitoring of lame cows and the functional trimming of their hooves should be frequent. It is also important to implement a cull policy for unproductive cows. Finally, it is very important to provide adequate training to farmers in order to improve the well-being of dairy cows.

خالد محمد شعبان

هدف البحث الكشف عن1-الفروق في نتائج الاختبار القبلي والبعدي بين المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في تعلم &nbsp;مهارة الهبوط الخلفي المتكور على المتوازي مختلف الارتفاعات في الجمناستك&nbsp;2-الفروق في نتائج الاختبارين البعديين&nbsp; بين المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في تعلم مهارة الهبوط الخلفي المتكور&nbsp; على المتوازي مختلف الارتفاعات في الجمناستك&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3-الكشف عن الفروق بين الاختبار البعدي واختبار الاحتفاظ للمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة &nbsp;في مهارة الهبوط الخلفي المتكور على المتوازي مختلف الارتفاعات في الجمناستك&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .&nbsp; استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث ومشكلته . تكون مجتمع البحث من لاعبات المركز التدريبي ( كريتف كيدز )&nbsp;&nbsp; للعام&nbsp; (2022 )، اما عينة البحث فقد تكونت من (&nbsp; 12&nbsp; ) لاعبة مقسمة على مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة&nbsp; , تم اجراء عملية التكافؤ لمجموعتي البحث, اعتمد الباحث المقابلة الشخصية والاختبارات والمقاييس وسائلا لجمع البيانات , استخدم الباحث الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري والنسبة المئوية و(ت) للعينات المرتبطة وغير المرتبطة . استنتج الباحثانان المجموعة التجريبية قد حققت تعلماً افضل للمهارة&nbsp; من المجموعة الضابطة . واوصى الباحث ضرورة استخدام التغذية الراجعة الفيديوية في تعلم بعض مهارات الجمناستك الاخرى لما لها من تأثير ايجابي في تعلم بعض المهارات الحركية على جهاز متوازي مختلف الارتفاعات .

Anna Sevostyanova, Alla Korobova, Guzel Akhiyarova et al.

The role of ethylene in the adaptation of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> to salt stress induced by 150 mM NaCl is investigated. The responses of wild-type (Columbia, WT) plants and ethylene-insensitive <i>etr1-1</i> mutants to short-term daily salt treatments were compared. Parameters analyzed included growth, water status, chlorophyll content, and hormone levels (ABA, IAA, cytokinins) using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that in the WT, salt stress induced hormonal redistribution: accumulation of ABA, IAA, and zeatin in shoots, accompanied by decreased ABA in the root tips and cytokinins in the whole roots. These hormonal changes were associated with stomatal closure, maintained leaf hydration, and inhibition of root growth. The inhibition of root growth may contribute to reduced uptake of toxic ions from the environment. In contrast, <i>etr1-1</i> mutants exhibited no changes in hormonal status, failed to close stomata—leading to decreased leaf water content—and showed a sharp decline in chlorophyll content accompanied by suppressed shoot growth. The conclusions emphasize that ethylene sensitivity is essential for initiating adaptive hormonal rearrangements that coordinate growth and stomatal responses to mitigate the effects of salt stress.

Gaia Bonassi, Mingqi Zhao, Jessica Samogin et al.

Walking encompasses a complex interplay of neuromuscular coordination and cognitive processes. Disruptions in gait can impact personal independence and quality of life, especially among the elderly and neurodegenerative patients. While traditional biomechanical analyses and neuroimaging techniques have contributed to understanding gait control, they often lack the temporal resolution needed for rapid neural dynamics. This study employs a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) platform with high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) to explore event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) during overground walking. Simultaneous to hdEEG, we recorded gait spatiotemporal parameters. Participants were asked to walk under usual walking and dual-task walking conditions. For data analysis, we extracted ERD/ERS in α, β, and γ bands from 17 selected regions of interest encompassing not only the sensorimotor cerebral network but also the cognitive and affective networks. A correlation analysis was performed between gait parameters and ERD/ERS intensities in different networks in the different phases of gait. Results showed that ERD/ERS modulations across gait phases in the α and β bands extended beyond the sensorimotor network, over the cognitive and limbic networks, and were more prominent in all networks during dual tasks with respect to usual walking. Correlation analyses showed that a stronger α ERS in the initial double-support phases correlates with shorter step length, emphasizing the role of attention in motor control. Additionally, β ERD/ERS in affective and cognitive networks during dual-task walking correlated with dual-task gait performance, suggesting compensatory mechanisms in complex tasks. This study advances our understanding of neural dynamics during overground walking, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of gait control involving cognitive and affective networks.

R. G. Vyshnavi, R. K. Samaiya, Anita Babbar et al.

The study was conducted during the rabi seasons (November) of 2021– (April) 2022 and 2022 (November) –2023 (April) in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India aimed to explore chickpea germplasm responses to high temperature stress under varied sowing conditions. Thirty-two germplasm lines and eight elite varieties were sown under normal and late conditions to coincide with heat stress occurrence (>32°C). The investigation done on phenological data impacted by sowing dates, revealed significant differences between normal and late sowing conditions across critical growth stages. Temporal disparities resulted in an approximate 8-day reduction in days to 50% flowering (DFF), 7 days in days to pod formation (DPF), 9 days in days to seed formation (DSF), and 12 days in days to field maturity (DFM). Conversely, longer-duration genotypes experienced a reduction of around 6 days in DFF, DPF, DSF, and 14 days in DFM. Yield attributes among genotypes varied significantly between different sowing conditions. Under normal (D1) conditions, genotypes exhibited adequate seed yield (kg/ha-1), while late-sown (D2) conditions resulted in considerable percentage decrements of 40.2% reduction in the yield. Post hoc Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) analysis indicated substantial variability among genotypes for all traits, except for primary and secondary branches, observed across both sowing conditions. The correlation analysis uncovered nuanced associations between phenological stages and yield attributes, emphasizing the complexity of chickpea cultivation dynamics. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing chickpea germplasm for high temperature stress resilience, contributing to the ongoing efforts for sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture.

JohnW. Moore

Alexander Forbes

IN recent years, considerable attention has been, paid to neuro-physiology, and marked advances have taken place in our knowledge of the subject. As so few monographs have been available, Prof. J. F. Fulton's book “Physiology of the Nervous System”, which he describes as an exposition of the experimental approach to the subject, is of special interest.Physiology of the Nervous SystemBy Prof. J. F. Fulton. (Oxford Medical Publications.) Pp. xv+675. (London, New York and Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1938.) 25s. net.

D. Mazia

Jared S. Elenbaas, Upasana Pudupakkam, Katrina J. Ashworth et al.

SVEP1 is linked to numerous human diseases, though its disease-promoting mechanism has remained unclear. Here, the authors identify SVEP1 as a ligand for the orphan receptor PEAR1 and provide insight into the role of this interaction in cardiovascular disease.

Mark B. Ulanja, Bryce D. Beutler, Kwabena Oppong Asafo‐Agyei et al.

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic have had a lasting impact on the care of cancer patients. The impact on patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies remains incompletely understood. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of care among patients with GI malignancies, and identify differences in outcomes based on primary tumor site. Methods We analyzed discharge encounters collected from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between March 2020 and December 2020 using propensity score matching (PSM) and COVID‐19 as the treatment effect. Results Of the 87,684 patient discharges with GI malignancies, 1892 were positive for COVID‐19 (C+) and eligible for matching in the PSM model. Following PSM analysis, C+ with GI tumors demonstrated increased incidence of mortality compared to their COVID‐19‐negative (C‐) counterparts (21.3% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001). C+ patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) had significantly higher mortality compared to those who were C‐ (40% vs. 24%; p = 0.035). In addition, C+ patients with GI tumors had a longer mean LOS (9.4 days vs. 6.9 days; p < 0.001) and increased cost of care ($26,048.29 vs. $21,625.2; p = 0.001) compared to C‐ patients. C+ patients also had higher odds of mortality secondary to myocardial infarction relative to C‐ patients (OR = 3.54, p = 0.001). Conclusions C+ patients with GI tumors face approximately double the odds of mortality, increased LOS, and increased cost of care compared to their C‐ counterparts. Outcome disparities were most pronounced among patients with CRC.

Naoyuki Kawao, Miku Kawaguchi, Takashi Ohira et al.

N. Carlson

Anum Khan, Huma Ali, Ubaid Ur Rehman et al.

The increase in consumer demand for high-quality food products has led to growth in the use of new technologies and ingredients. Resistant starch (RS) is a recently recognised source of fibre and has received much attention for its potential health benefits and functional properties. However, knowledge about the fate of RS in modulating complex intestinal communities, the microbial members involved in its degradation, enhancement of microbial metabolites, and its functional role in body physiology is still limited. For this purpose, the current study was designed to ratify the physiological and functional health benefits of enzymatically prepared resistant starch (EM-RSIII) from maize flour. To approve the beneficial health effects as prebiotic, EM-RSIII was supplemented in rat diets. After 21 days of the experiment, EM-RSIII fed rats showed a significant reduction in body weight gain, fecal pH, glycemic response, serum lipid profile, insulin level and reshaping gut microbiota, and enhancing short-chain fatty acid compared to control. The count of butyrate-producing and starch utilizing bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus genus in rat's gut, elevated after the consumption of medium and high doses of EM-RSIII, while the E. coli completely suppressed in high EM-RSIII fed rats. Short-chain fatty acids precisely increased in feces of EM-RSIII feed rats. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the effect of butyrate on functional and physiological alteration on the body had been investigated during the current study. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated the unprecedented effect of utilising EM-RSIII as a diet on body physiology and redesigning gut microorganisms.

Michał Różański, Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka, Jolanta Witaszewska et al.

Abstract Swab, RT-qPCR tests remain the gold standard of diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infections. These tests are costly and have limited throughput. We developed a 3-gene, seminested RT-qPCR test with SYBR green-based detection designed to be oversensitive rather than overspecific for high-throughput diagnostics of populations. This two-tier approach depends on decentralized self-collection of saliva samples, pooling, 1st-tier testing with highly sensitive screening test and subsequent 2nd-tier testing of individual samples from positive pools with the IVD test. The screening test was able to detect five copies of the viral genome in 10 µl of isolated RNA with 50% probability and 18.8 copies with 95% probability and reached Ct values that were highly linearly RNA concentration-dependent. In the side-by-side comparison, the screening test attained slightly better results than the commercially available IVD-certified RT-qPCR diagnostic test DiaPlexQ (100% specificity and 89.8% sensitivity vs. 100% and 73.5%, respectively). Testing of 1475 individual clinical samples pooled in 374 pools of four revealed 0.8% false positive pools and no false negative pools. In weekly prophylactic testing of 113 people within 6 months, a two-tier testing approach enabled the detection of 18 infected individuals, including several asymptomatic individuals, with substantially lower cost than individual RT-PCR testing.

A. M. Katz