Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has led to many promising developments; however, increasingly, AI research is funded by the private sector leading to potential trade-offs between benefits to patients and benefits to industry. Health AI practitioners should prioritize successful adaptation into clinical practice in order to provide meaningful benefits to patients, but translation usually requires collaboration with industry. We discuss three features of AI studies that hamper the integration of AI into clinical practice from the perspective of researchers and clinicians. These include lack of clinically relevant metrics, lack of clinical trials and longitudinal studies to validate results, and lack of patient and physician involvement in the development process. For partnerships between industry and health research to be sustainable, a balance must be established between patient and industry benefit. We propose three approaches for addressing this gap: improved transparency and explainability of AI models, fostering relationships with industry partners that have a reputation for centering patient benefit in their practices, and prioritization of overall healthcare benefits. With these priorities, we can sooner realize meaningful AI technologies used by clinicians where mutua
Lukas Ostermann, Asrat Gobachew, Andreas Schwung
et al.
<i>Background</i>: The increasing integration of automated transport drones into logistics networks presents transformative potential for addressing contemporary logistics challenges, particularly in last-mile delivery, healthcare, disaster response, urban mobility, and postal services. However, their effective integration into varied logistics contexts remains hindered by infrastructure, regulatory, and operational limitations. This study aims to explore how drone-based logistics systems can be systematically planned and evaluated across diverse operational environments. <i>Methods</i>: A structured literature review was conducted, employing thematic synthesis to analyze current research on drone logistics. The analysis focused on identifying the key planning dimensions and interrelated components that influence the deployment of drone-based transport systems. <i>Results</i>: The review identified seven central planning dimensions: areas of application, system components, transport configuration, geographic areas, optimization and analysis methods, logistical planning, and performance assessment. These dimensions inform a conceptual framework designed to guide the planning and assessment of drone logistics networks. <i>Conclusions</i>: While existing studies contribute valuable insights into route optimization and drone deployment strategies, they often overlook integrative approaches that account for societal and environmental factors. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and context-specific planning frameworks to enhance the sustainable and effective implementation of drone-based logistics systems.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Aksjologiczny wymiar polityki klimatycznej realizowanej przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego nie doczekał się dotychczas kompleksowego opracowania w doktrynie prawa, co uzasadnia potrzebę podjęcia głębszych badań w tym zakresie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aksjologii prawa klimatycznego oraz ukazanie jej wpływu na działalność jednostek samorządu terytorialnego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kierunków zmian miejskiej polityki klimatycznej w kontekście wyzwań związanych ze zmianami klimatu. Podstawowe problemy naukowe zostały sformułowane w postaci dwóch pytań badawczych: Czym jest aksjologia prawa klimatycznego? Czy konieczne jest włączanie wartości wynikających z prawa klimatycznego do wykonywania lokalnych zadań ukierunkowanych na adaptację do zmian klimatu oraz ich mitygację? Aby zrealizować założenia badawcze, zastosowano metodę dogmatycznoprawną, która polega na analizie obowiązujących przepisów prawa krajowego, unijnego i międzynarodowego oraz poglądów doktryny. Analiza potwierdza zasadność włączania aksjologii do działań podejmowanych przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Wartości konstytuujące prawo klimatyczne nie mogą być traktowane jako ograniczenie ich autonomii, lecz jako instrument wspierający skuteczną i spójną realizację ich zadań w obszarze ochrony klimatu. Oparłszy się na określonym systemie wartości normatywnych, jednostki te powinny intensywniej przeciwdziałać zmianom klimatycznym, mając na względzie obowiązek ochrony dobra wspólnego oraz zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego obecnym i przyszłym pokoleniom.
Environmental law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
Natali Helberger, Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius, Agustin Reyna
In modern markets, many companies offer so-called 'free' services and monetize consumer data they collect through those services. This paper argues that consumer law and data protection law can usefully complement each other. Data protection law can also inform the interpretation of consumer law. Using consumer rights, consumers should be able to challenge excessive collection of their personal data. Consumer organizations have used consumer law to tackle data protection infringements. The interplay of data protection law and consumer protection law provides exciting opportunities for a more integrated vision on 'data consumer law'.
Algorithmic management (AM)'s impact on worker well-being has led to calls for regulation. However, little is known about the effectiveness and challenges in real-world AM regulation across the regulatory process -- rule operationalization, software use, and enforcement. Our multi-stakeholder study addresses this gap within workplace scheduling, one of the few AM domains with implemented regulations. We interviewed 38 stakeholders across the regulatory process: regulators, defense attorneys, worker advocates, managers, and workers. Our findings suggest that the efficacy of AM regulation is influenced by: (i) institutional constraints that challenge efforts to encode law into AM software, (ii) on-the-ground use of AM software that shapes its ability to facilitate compliance, (iii) mismatches between software and regulatory contexts that hinder enforcement, and (iv) unique concerns that software introduces when used to regulate AM. These findings underscore the importance of a sociotechnical approach to AM regulation, which considers organizational and collaborative contexts alongside the inherent attributes of software. We offer future research directions and implications for technology policy and design.
This chapter examines the policy implications of behavioural sciences insights for the regulation of privacy on the Internet, by focusing in particular on behavioural targeting. This marketing technique involves tracking people's online behaviour to use the collected information to show people individually targeted advertisements. Enforcing data protection law may not be enough to protect privacy in this area. I argue that, if society is better off when certain behavioural targeting practices do not happen, policymakers should consider banning them.
Quick commerce (q-commerce) is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. It provides informal employment to approximately 4,50,000 workers, and it is estimated to become a USD 200 Billion industry by 2026. A significant portion of this industry deals with perishable goods. (e.g. milk, dosa batter etc.) These are food items which are consumed relatively fresh by the consumers and therefore their order volume is high and repetitive even when the average basket size is relatively small. The fundamental challenge for the retailer is that, increasing selling price would hamper sales and would lead to unsold inventory. On the other hand setting a price less, would lead to forgoing of potential revenue. This paper attempts to propose a mathematical model which formalizes this dilemma. The problem statement is not only important for improving the unit economics of the perennially loss making quick commerce firms, but also would lead to a trickle-down effect in improving the conditions of the gig workers as observed in [4]. The sections below describe the mathematical formulation. The results from the simulation would be published in a follow-up study.
Przedmiotem opracowania są rozwiązania penalne obejmujące odpowiedzialność za przestępstwa, wykroczenia i delikty administracyjne w prawie polskim, czeskim i słowackim, które mogą znaleźć zastosowanie, gdy zostaną naruszone przepisy o dostępie do informacji o środowisku. Celem artykułu jest więc w pierwszej kolejności przeprowadzenie badań komparatystycznych nad kształtem prawa do informacji o środowisku w każdym z tych trzech systemów prawnych. Następnie autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytania o genezę, ewolucję i funkcjonowanie konkretnych rozwiązań penalnych przewidzianych w przypadku zachowań, które godzą we wspomniane prawo podmiotowe, przysługujące członkom społeczeństwa w ramach partycypacji społecznej w ochronie środowiska jako jeden z trzech filarów konwencji z Aarhus.
Environmental law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
<i>Background</i>: The growing concern for environmental and social issues has led to a focus on designing sustainable supply chains and increasing industrial responsibility towards society. In this paper, a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model is presented for designing a sustainable closed-loop supply chain. The model is aimed at the minimization of the total cost with the total used facilities, the negative environmental impacts, and the maximization of the positive social impacts. <i>Methods</i>: The epsilon-constraint method is utilized for solving the model and further extracting the Pareto solutions. <i>Results</i>: The result of the research clearly shows an optimal trade-off between the conflicting objectives, where, by paying more attention to the social and environmental aspects of sustainability, the total costs are increased or by optimizing the number of facilities, a better balance between the dynamics associated with the short-term and long-term goals is reached. The results of the sensitivity analysis also show that increasing the demand of the supply chain has the greatest impact on the supply chain costs compared to other objectives. <i>Conclusions</i>: Consequently, investigating such comprehensive sustainable objectives provides better insights into the impact of design variables on the expectations of stakeholders.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
The Metaverse is a concept that proposes to immerse users into real-time rendered 3D content virtual worlds delivered through Extended Reality (XR) devices like Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) smart glasses and Virtual Reality (VR) headsets. When the Metaverse concept is applied to industrial environments, it is called Industrial Metaverse, a hybrid world where industrial operators work by using some of the latest technologies. Currently, such technologies are related to the ones fostered by Industry 4.0, which is evolving towards Industry 5.0, a paradigm that enhances Industry 4.0 by creating a sustainable and resilient world of industrial human-centric applications. The Industrial Metaverse can benefit from Industry 5.0, since it implies making use of dynamic and up-to-date content, as well as fast human-to-machine interactions. To enable such enhancements, this article proposes the concept of Meta-Operator: an Industry 5.0 worker that interacts with Industrial Metaverse applications and with his/her surroundings through advanced XR devices. This article provides a description of the technologies that support Meta-Operators: the main components of the Industrial Metaverse, the latest XR technologies and the use of Opportunistic Edge Computing communications (to interact with surrounding IoT/IioT devices). Moreover, this paper analyzes how to create the next generation of Industrial Metaverse applications based on Industry 5.0, including the integration of AR/MR devices with IoT/IIoT solutions, the development of advanced communications or the creation of shared experiences. Finally, this article provides a list of potential Industry 5.0 applications for the Industrial Metaverse and analyzes the main challenges and research lines. Thus, this article provides useful guidelines for the researchers that will create the next generation of applications for the Industrial Metaverse.
This paper addresses a critical gap in legal analytics by developing and applying a novel taxonomy for topic classification of summary judgment cases in the United Kingdom. Using a curated dataset of summary judgment cases, we use the Large Language Model Claude 3 Opus to explore functional topics and trends. We find that Claude 3 Opus correctly classified the topic with an accuracy of 87.13% and an F1 score of 0.87. The analysis reveals distinct patterns in the application of summary judgments across various legal domains. As case law in the United Kingdom is not originally labelled with keywords or a topic filtering option, the findings not only refine our understanding of the thematic underpinnings of summary judgments but also illustrate the potential of combining traditional and AI-driven approaches in legal classification. Therefore, this paper provides a new and general taxonomy for UK law. The implications of this work serve as a foundation for further research and policy discussions in the field of judicial administration and computational legal research methodologies.
Groneberg Maik, Poenicke Olaf, Mandal Chirag
et al.
The paper describes a system approach to use LiDAR sensors for capturing dynamic point cloud data in industrial process environments and to interpret the captured scenes with AI based object detection. The object detection is used to distinguish between humans and other mobile objects in safety relevant workspaces. Several AI methods relevant for such application are analysed. One method is applied with annotated test data and evaluated concerning its accuracy.
Se abarca la expectativa de los derechos digitales en torno a la construcción del concepto de la soberanía del Estado dentro del ciberespacio, con el fin de ejercer su limitación así como la coercibilidad; se observan los parámetros de ubicación del Estado frente a la intermediación de los derechos digitales por la falta de avance y creatividad dentro del campo de la innovación, provocando la publificación de los servicios públicos, en específico de la tecnología, por parte del sector privado, quien actualmente posee el dominio digital de la construcción de la presencia del Estado electrónico o digital
Public law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
Mahdi Soltani Nejad, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Gazafroudi
The speed profile of the train will be determined according to criteria such as safety, travel convenience, and the type of electric motor used for traction. Due to the passengers and cargo on the train, the electric train load is constantly changing. This will require reassigning the speed controller’s parameters of the electric train. For this purpose, the Gravitational Search optimization Algorithm (GSA) will be used to minimize the error between the setpoint speed profile and the speed profile obtained from the speed controller by using the appropriate assignment of control parameters. This algorithm has a low computational cost and high accuracy, but tuning the adjustable parameters of this algorithm according to the decision space will increase its accuracy. Therefore, by using fuzzy logic Type-I and Type-II, and considering the diversity of population in decision space and generation of population, adjustable parameters of GSA such as 𝐾𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑡 and 𝛼 will be tuned. Finally, a dynamic model of the electric train between two traction power supply substations (TPS) and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller will be simulated in MATLAB software to control the train speed. Then, the controller parameters will be assigned using the GSA algorithm.
This paper proposes a novel method to improve the accuracy of product search in e-commerce by utilizing a cluster language model. The method aims to address the limitations of the bi-encoder architecture while maintaining a minimal additional training burden. The approach involves labeling top products for each query, generating semantically similar query clusters using the K-Means clustering algorithm, and fine-tuning a global language model into cluster language models on individual clusters. The parameters of each cluster language model are fine-tuned to learn local manifolds in the feature space efficiently, capturing the nuances of various query types within each cluster. The inference is performed by assigning a new query to its respective cluster and utilizing the corresponding cluster language model for retrieval. The proposed method results in more accurate and personalized retrieval results, offering a superior alternative to the popular bi-encoder based retrieval models in semantic search.
Same-style products retrieval plays an important role in e-commerce platforms, aiming to identify the same products which may have different text descriptions or images. It can be used for similar products retrieval from different suppliers or duplicate products detection of one supplier. Common methods use the image as the detected object, but they only consider the visual features and overlook the attribute information contained in the textual descriptions, and perform weakly for products in image less important industries like machinery, hardware tools and electronic component, even if an additional text matching module is added. In this paper, we propose a unified vision-language modeling method for e-commerce same-style products retrieval, which is designed to represent one product with its textual descriptions and visual contents. It contains one sampling skill to collect positive pairs from user click log with category and relevance constrained, and a novel contrastive loss unit to model the image, text, and image+text representations into one joint embedding space. It is capable of cross-modal product-to-product retrieval, as well as style transfer and user-interactive search. Offline evaluations on annotated data demonstrate its superior retrieval performance, and online testings show it can attract more clicks and conversions. Moreover, this model has already been deployed online for similar products retrieval in alibaba.com, the largest B2B e-commerce platform in the world.
Carlos Hernández-Mejía, Delia Torres-Muñoz, Everardo Inzunza-González
et al.
<i>Background:</i> The health crisis due to COVID-19 has changed the habits of social coexistence and therefore has had a significant impact on several economic sectors, including logistics. Nowadays, this sector faces one of the most difficult challenges in history and hence has carried out innovative strategies to adjust to the new normal and guarantee the permanence of the supply chain. In this paper, a novel green logistics technique for planning merchandise deliveries is introduced herein. <i>Methods</i>: This technique is based on a modified version of the Resistive Grid Path Planning Methodology (RGPPM) to establish a path through georeferential locations for delivering merchandise to customers. To do this, multi-connected resistive grids are based at customer locations for searching the path connecting the positions through electronic circuit analysis techniques. <i>Results</i>: Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can find a minimum spanning tree that connects all hand-over points by a continuous path. This finding has represented a reduction of around 45% in the length of the path with respect to the longest path. <i>Conclusions</i>: Finally, this technique is capable of addressing different optimization strategies, locating a merchandise distribution center and exploring environmental standards to reduce fuel consumption.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management
Masoud Zafarzadeh, Magnus Wiktorsson, Jannicke Baalsrud Hauge
A data-driven approach in production logistics is adopted as a response to challenges such as low visibility and system rigidity. One important step for such a transition is to identify the enabling technologies from a value-creating perspective. The existing corpus of literature has discussed the benefits and applications of smart technologies in overall manufacturing or logistics. However, there is limited discussion specifically on a production logistics level, from a systematic perspective. This paper addresses two issues in this respect by conducting a systematic literature review and analyzing 142 articles. First, it covers the gap in literature concerning mapping the application of these smart technologies to specific production logistic activities. Ten groups of technologies were identified and production logistics activities divided into three major categories. A quantitative share assessment of the technologies in production logistics activities was carried out. Second, the ultimate goal of implementing these technologies is to create business value. This is addressed in this research by presenting the “production logistics data lifecycle” and the importance of having a balanced holistic perspective in technology development. The result of this paper is beneficial to build a ground to transit towards a data-driven state by knowing the applications and use cases described in the literature for the identified technologies.
Transportation and communication, Management. Industrial management