Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

سینا صمدی قره ورن

ر طراحی بسته باتری خودروهای برقی، انتخاب بهینه مؤلفه­هایی مانند تعداد سلول‌های سری و موازی، چیدمان سلول‌ها و فاصله آن‌ها از دیواره‌های باتری، تأثیر مستقیمی بر عملکرد سامانه دارد. این مقاله چارچوبی برای طراحی بهینه بسته باتری ارائه می‌دهد که اهدافی همچون حداقل‌سازی مصرف سامانه خنک‌کننده، کنترل دمای حداکثری سلول‌ها و استفاده بهینه از فضای موجود را در نظر می‌گیرد. این طراحی به دلیل تأثیر مستقیم بر عملکرد کل سامانه و اهمیت آن در کاهش وزن، حجم، هزینه، و افزایش کارایی، یکی از چالش‌های کلیدی در تولید خودروهای برقی به‌شمار می‌رود. نوآوری اصلی این پژوهش استفاده از ترکیب الگوریتم MOSOA برای تعیین تعداد بهینه سلول‌های سری و موازی و الگوریتم MOGA برای بهینه‌سازی چیدمان سلول‌ها است. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان می‌دهد که روش پیشنهادی موجب %22 کاهش حجم باتری، %18 کاهش هزینه، %15 افزایش توان خروجی و %10 بهبود توزیع دمایی نسبت به روش‌های پیشین می‌شود. این تحقیق می‌تواند راهنمای مفیدی برای طراحی و بهینه‌سازی بسته باتری در وسایل نقلیه الکتریکی باشد.

Rodrigo Béllo Carvalho, I. Oliveras Menor, Isabel Belloni Schmidt et al.

In 2024, South America faced an unprecedented wildfire crisis, with Brazil among the hardest-hit countries. Home to globally significant biomes like the Amazon, Pantanal, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest, Brazil's ecosystems are undergoing massive destruction. Despite the severity of the 2024 wildfires-surpassing even the internationally scrutinized 2020 wildfires-the current disaster remains underreported internationally. Here, we seek to raise global awareness and advocate for immediate, collaborative action to mitigate Brazil's escalating wildfire emergency. We examined the scope, ecological impact, and socioeconomic consequences of the 2024 fires in Brazil, highlighting record-breaking areas burned and widespread wildfire foci. These wildfires are devastating biodiversity, endangering public health, and intensifying environmental injustices across the country. Our analysis reveals a significant relationship between deforestation and wildfire incidence the following year. Smoke pollution reached hazardous levels, impacting urban populations and disproportionately affecting Indigenous communities. Key drivers of this crisis include unsustainable land-use practices, extreme climate conditions, and governance failures, with response efforts hindered by underfunded environmental agencies. This situation underscores the urgent need for stronger enforcement of environmental policies, rapid allocation of emergency resources, and the implementation of Brazil's Integrated Fire Management (IFM) programs across federal, state, and private lands. We call for sustained international support, directly targeted at Brazilian agencies, to bolster fire prevention, response, and ecosystem resilience. Protecting Brazil's biomes is a global priority, requiring consistent advocacy and action that transcends political shifts.

Markus Lüttenberg, Alexander Zienau, M. Wiens et al.

In crises like natural disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic, public actors might have to take over responsibility for the population’s supply when the market fails to meet the demand for essential goods. Companies can be valuable collaboration partners for public actors. However, conditions under which companies are willing and able to support public crisis management need to be better understood. This paper aims to empirically investigate expectations and motivation to better understand the motives leading companies to participate in public–private emergency collaborations. To enable successful collaboration, the paper develops crisis preparedness guidelines for state institutions and companies. The authors develop and conduct a survey and statistically analyze the responses of 398 German companies from the food, health-care and logistics sectors. Most companies have already engaged in crisis management and are willing to engage collaboratively. While their preferred contribution to collaborative crisis management is providing resources (e.g. goods or equipment) instead of coordination tasks, they also want to ensure that their business processes are sustained. Among the most promising incentives to increase company engagement are monetary compensation for provided resources and an improved communication policy. Logistics companies are motivated more by relaxing regulations, whereas health-care companies prefer reputation measures. The insights provide the basis for public and private actors to foster public–private collaboration and raises awareness of its potential during crises. Moreover, this study promotes the systematic implementation of public–private emergency collaborations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to empirically investigate the perspective of companies operating in the fields of logistics, food and health-care industries toward public–private collaboration in crisis management.

Ola Lindberg, Oscar Rantatalo, Markus Hällgren

This paper examines learning processes in crisis management organizations, focusing on Incident management and command in the military, police, and county administrative board in Sweden. Using a participation lens, we explore human interactions during high‐pressure crises. Our research question is formulated as follows: How does the practice of training for crisis shape practitioners' habits regarding crisis management in organizations? To examine this, we conducted 19 days of fieldwork, including observations and 18 semi‐structured interviews, enabled a comparative analysis of organising in incident management situations. We found that training groups influence organizational routines, suggesting that learning routines involve habit formation through repeated actions. This challenges traditional incident command training assumptions and highlights the need for training programs that prioritize relevance over realism.

Serhii Belodedenko, Galyna Bilichenko, Dmytro Rassokhin

The present article is devoted to the methods of quantitative risk analysis used to ensure the engineering safety of industrial equipment. It aims to clarify the latter's place in the concept of the civilization of safety and security. The features that make engineering universal in engineering are its interdisciplinary nature and the presence of a safety culture. Interdisciplinarity is manifested when considering organizational and legal factors for risk assessment. This is demonstrated by the example of two blast furnace accident scenarios. The safety culture is implemented through initiative-taking maintenance strategies through risk-based maintenance. The theoretical foundations of this strategy are presented: risk and safety indicators, an algorithm for finding the optimal level of risk, and a method for diagnosing the technical condition of mechanical systems. Recommendations on using risk and safety indicators depending on the criticality of the element being diagnosed are given.

Ван Нам Нго, Хуу Хиеу Нгуен, Ань Фан

Purpose. Seaports serve as critical centers for global trade and transportation; however, they are also prone to significant risks of chemical fire and explosion accidents. The purpose of this paper is to examine the human-related causes, consequences, and prevention strategies associated with these hazards at seaports, while addressing their potential to cause severe casualties, environmental harm, economic losses, and social disruption. Methods. This study is based on an analysis of major historical and recent incidents of chemical fires and explosions at seaports. Through this review, the paper evaluates the contributing human factors, the resulting impacts, and the strategies employed to mitigate such risks, while also exploring challenges and opportunities for enhancing safety management of hazardous chemicals. Findings. The findings highlight that chemical fire and explosion accidents at seaports lead to significant consequences, including loss of life, environmental damage, and economic and social setbacks. The paper identifies key prevention strategies and discusses the need for improved safety management practices. In conclusion the recommendations for future research and practical measures to strengthen the handling and safety of hazardous chemicals at seaports are offered. Application field of research. Safety management of hazardous chemicals in seaports.

Бауржан Нурланович Ахметалин, Ольга Владимировна Маршалко, Виталий Александрович Хроколов

Цель. Исследование вопроса актуальности и проблем создания мобильных групп волонтеров по ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера в Республике Казахстан. Методы. Пилотный проект «Формирование мобильной группы волонтеров на базе Департамента по чрезвычайным ситуациям Костанайской области» (далее – пилотный проект); теоретический (синтез и анализ), исторический и сравнительный методы анализа; анализ основных статистических показателей (%) с визуализацией частотного распределения количественных данных в виде статистических диаграмм. Результаты. Результаты пилотного проекта показали, что волонтеры, проходившие обучение по программе подготовки профессиональных аварийно-спасательных служб Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям Республики Казахстан, выразили активную заинтересованность в обучении. Анализ нормативных правовых актов Республики Казахстан в области волонтерской деятельности показал, что волонтеры привлекаются к ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций, однако не имеют допуска в зону чрезвычайной ситуации. Таким образом, проблемной областью, требующей урегулирования, является правовой статус волонтеров при чрезвычайных ситуациях. Область применения исследований. Разработка программы подготовки мобильных волонтерских групп по ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера в Республике Казахстан, нормативных правовых актов Республики Казахстан по созданию мобильных групп волонтеров в сфере предупреждения и ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера, а также создания мобильных групп волонтеров на всей территории Республики Казахстан.

Aleksandr V. Pivovarov, Vyacheslav V. Lakhvich, Valeriy V. Kobyak et al.

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of fires involving battery electric vehicles (BEV) in the Republic of Belarus during the period 2021–2025, as well as to assess their development features and firefighting methods. Methods. Statistical analysis of data on the electric vehicle (EV) fleet for the period 2022–2024 and on fires involving BEVs for 2021–2025, including preliminary data for 2025; comparative analysis of the effectiveness of existing methods for extinguishing high-voltage lithium-ion traction battery packs (traction batteries). Findings. An exponential growth of the EV fleet in the Republic of Belarus was identified for the period 2022–2024. The dominant causes of fires were determined, the key one being thermal runaway in lithium-ion traction batteries, mainly triggered by short circuits resulting from mechanical damage or manufacturing defects. The low efficiency of extinguishing (cooling) traction batteries with conventional fire hoses was established. The necessity of applying specialized tactics and technical means for extinguishing traction batteries was revealed, such as piercing nozzles, high-voltage containers, fire blankets, and others. Application field of research. The results of the study are intended for the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus, EV manufacturers, insurance companies, as well as for the development of regulatory legal acts in the field of EV fire safety.

Jiaquan Nicholas Chen, Marcel Ausloos

There are many misconceptions around stock prices, stock splits, shareholders, investors, and managers behaviour about such informations due to a number of confounding factors. This paper tests hypotheses with a selected database, about the question ''is stock split attractive for companies?'' in another words, ''why companies split their stock?'', ''why managers split their stock?'', sometimes for no benefit, and ''why shareholders agree with such decisions?''. We contribute to the existing knowledge through a discussion of nine events in recent (selectively chosen) years, observing the role of information asymmetries, the returns and traded volumes before and after the event. Therefore, calculating the beta for each sample, it is found that stock splits (i) affect the market and slightly enhance the trading volume in a short-term, (ii) increase the shareholder base for its firm, (iii) have a positive effect on the liquidity of the market. We concur that stock split announcements can reduce the level of information asymmetric. Investors readjust their beliefs in the firm, although most of the firms are mispriced in the stock split year.

Jukka Ruohonen, Kalle Rindell, Simone Busetti

Incident management is a classical topic in cyber security. Recently, the European Union (EU) has started to consider also the relation between cyber security incidents and cyber security crises. These considerations and preparations, including those specified in the EU's new cyber security laws, constitute the paper's topic. According to an analysis of the laws and associated policy documents, (i) cyber security crises are equated in the EU to large-scale cyber security incidents that either exceed a handling capacity of a single member state or affect at least two member states. For this and other purposes, (ii) the new laws substantially increase mandatory reporting about cyber security incidents, including but not limited to the large-scale incidents. Despite the laws and new governance bodies established by them, however, (iii) the working of actual cyber security crisis management remains unclear particularly at the EU-level. With these policy research results, the paper advances the domain of cyber security incident management research by elaborating how European law perceives cyber security crises and their relation to cyber security incidents, paving the way for many relevant further research topics with practical relevance, whether theoretical, conceptual, or empirical.

Wei Meng

The decline of single authorship in peer-reviewed journals within the current collaboration-oriented knowledge production framework has prompted deeper reflection on the shifting power structures in academic systems. This paper aims to explore the underlying institutional logic and evaluation mechanisms contributing to the marginalization of single-author research in the management field. It further investigates how the discourse of collaborative advantage conceals structural power redistribution and ideological disembedding. Through an analysis of authorship data from top-tier journals, a critical reading of institutional incentive texts, and an empirical review of authorial configurations, the study building on the work of Harzing, Wuchty, and Lariviere constructs a three-dimensional causal chain: collaboration incentives, responsibility dilution, and originality weakening. Findings suggest that single authorship is not explicitly excluded but is gradually sidelined from central publication channels by funding policies, review practices, and performance metrics. Independent thought is thus structurally marginalized within institutionalized collaboration. The paper advocates for a paradigm shift from instrumental rationality to value-based rationality and calls for the restoration of legitimacy and public value for independent research through reforms in evaluation frameworks, journal governance, and research ethics, aiming to safeguard academic diversity and intellectual autonomy.

Stig-Johan Wiklund, Magnus Ytterstad

Project portfolio management is an essential process for organizations aiming to optimize the value of their R&D investments. In this article, we introduce a new tool designed to support the prioritization of projects within project portfolio management. We label this tool the PIT-plot, an acronym for Project Impact Tornado plot, with reference to the similarity to the Tornado plot often used for sensitivity analyses. Many traditional practices in portfolio management focus on the properties of the projects available to the portfolio. We are with the PIT-plot changing the perspective and focus not on the properties of the projects themselves, but on the impact that the projects may have on the portfolio. This enables the strategic portfolio management to identify and focus on the projects of largest impact to the portfolio, either for the purpose of risk mitigation or for the purpose of value-adding efforts.

Fatima zahra Bellali, Hasna Gaber

This study examines the effects of supply chain disruptions and inflation on brand loyalty, while also exploring how collaborative supply chain partnerships can mitigate these impacts. By reviewing existing literature, we analyze the relationship between economic instability, supply chain vulnerabilities, and consumer trust. Additionally, this study assesses the significance of supplier diversification, digital transformation, and agile crisis management strategies in maintaining brand resilience. We present the premise of a conceptual framework that underscores the importance of supply chain collaboration initiatives, transparent communication, and dynamic supply chain capabilities for sustaining customer confidence. Our findings suggest that firms investing in strategic partnerships within their supply chains are better positioned to manage disruptions and maintain brand loyalty in uncertain market conditions.

T. Säger, L. Landsberg, K. Barth et al.

The present article outlines the challenges and objectives of the "responding Lab" project, which aims to enhance disaster management through digitalization and technology integration. In Germany, civil protection is largely defined by the federal structures of the states, sometimes complicating the integration of new technologies. The project's goal is to provide emergency responders with a user-friendly and robust video system that facilitates efficient decision-making, even without existing infrastructure or cloud connectivity. The concept includes standardized scouting and documentation of large-scale damage situations, incorporating the use of drones and real-time image data transmission to respond more effectively to emergencies. The responding Lab promotes the exchange between science and emergency services to translate current insights into applicable concepts. Activities such as participating in large exercises and real deployments complement the research, while results and data are made available to users. In summary, the responding Lab serves as a bridge between technological advancement and practical application in emergency management, enhancing crisis management efficiency through research findings and real-time testing.

Putnam Reiter, R. H. Chang

Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs) are crucial to disaster response, yet their organizational structure and operational dynamics remain understudied. Through qualitative analysis of federal and state emergency management documents, including Federal Emergency Management Agency guidance and the Oklahoma State Emergency Operations Plan, this research examines mechanistic and organic organizational elements. Using organizational theory as an analytical framework, we identify three key findings: (1) EOCs operate along a continuum between mechanistic and organic structures; (2) informal organic design elements significantly influence EOC operations during disasters but remain largely undocumented; and (3) predisaster networking among EOC participants is essential for effective disaster operations. Drawing on crisis management and resilience frameworks, this research extends previous work while offering researchers and EOC participants practical recommendations for improving EOC design, training, and operations. Our findings suggest that EOC effectiveness depends on explicitly recognizing and supporting both mechanistic and organic structures.

Wei Xiong

In the era of social media, corporate crisis management faces new challenges, particularly the speedaccuracy trade-off between traditional manual monitoring and the dynamic evolution of public sentiment. This study proposes a sentiment analysis-driven framework for monitoring online public opinion, using Haidilao's 2025 “Hotpot Urination Incident” as a case. We collected 195,432 Weibo comments to analyze emotional characteristics, keyword distributions, temporal patterns, and propagation dynamics. Sentiment polarity analysis revealed: neutral (66.51%), negative (30.99%), and positive (2.50%) emotions. Based on these findings, we propose a four-dimensional governance framework (government, platforms, media, public) for crisis response, offering actionable insights for corporate early-warning systems.

Amrani Ouijdane, Lazrak Youssra, EL Idrissi Tissafi Amina

Resilience has become a strategic priority in supply chain management, especially in response to repeated global disruptions and rising inflation. While resilience strategies are gaining attention worldwide, their practical application among Moroccan enterprises, particularly in a context of economic instability, remains insufficiently explored. This qualitative study investigates how Moroccan companies strengthen their supply chains in times of crisis, focusing on the strategies adopted, the challenges faced, and the prospective solutions they envision. Based on in-depth interviews and thematic analysis conducted using NVivo software, the research includes a diverse sample of Moroccan firms from various sectors and regions. The findings reveal significant challenges, including price volatility, sourcing delays, and limited access to digital tools. Despite these constraints, companies are adopting adaptive measures such as supplier diversification, strategic stockpiling, and cost optimization. The study also identifies growing interest in digitalization and innovation as levers of long-term resilience. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of supply chain resilience in emerging economies and provide practical recommendations for policymakers, industry leaders, and SMEs to support more robust and responsive supply networks in Morocco.

Yu Qiao, Qingzhao Li, Qi Liu et al.

In recent years, vulnerable populations have become the main targets of casualties in many building fire accidents. It is of great significance to study the behavioral patterns of vulnerable populations during emergency evacuation and to design specialized strategies conducive to the evacuation of vulnerable populations to improve evacuation efficiency and reduce casualties. In this paper, simulations are carried out using AnyLogic based on a social force model to explore the impact of dedicated exits in public places on the evacuation of vulnerable populations. A model of a normal room with three exits was created in which pedestrians were divided into two categories: normal and vulnerable populations with different evacuation speeds and footprint sizes. Simulation results show that dedicating middle exits reduces evacuation time in most cases while dedicating side exits significantly increases evacuation time. Middle exits as dedicated exits can balance the evacuation speed of vulnerable and normal populations, and improve the overall evacuation efficiency of vulnerable populations. Calculating the balance analysis index OPS for building evacuation, the results show that the balance of exits is the key to the evacuation time, and the closer the OPS value is to 0 the better the evacuation balance, which leads to a shorter evacuation time. This paper illustrates the impact of dedicated exits on the evacuation of vulnerable populations. Also, it provides a basis for the need for dedicated exits in different situations by calculating OPS values.

Mohammad Sammany, Ahmad Steef, Nedaa Agami et al.

It is well known over the recent years that measuring the success of projects under the umbrella of project management is inextricably linked with the associated cost, time, and quality. Most of the previous researches in the field assigned a separate mathematical model for each criterion, then numerical methods or search techniques were applied to obtain the optimal trade-off between the three criteria. However in this paper, the problem was addressed by linear multi-objective optimization using only one fuzzy mathematical model. The three criteria were merged in a single non-linear membership function to find the optimal trade-off. Finally, the proposed model is tested and validated using numerical examples.