Chemical fire and explosion hazards at seaports: a review of human – causes, consequences and prevention strategies

Purpose. Seaports serve as critical centers for global trade and transportation; however, they are also prone to significant risks of chemical fire and explosion accidents. The purpose of this paper is to examine the human-related causes, consequences, and prevention strategies associated with these hazards at seaports, while addressing their potential to cause severe casualties, environmental harm, economic losses, and social disruption. Methods. This study is based on an analysis of major historical and recent incidents of chemical fires and explosions at seaports. Through this review, the paper evaluates the contributing human factors, the resulting impacts, and the strategies employed to mitigate such risks, while also exploring challenges and opportunities for enhancing safety management of hazardous chemicals. Findings. The findings highlight that chemical fire and explosion accidents at seaports lead to significant consequences, including loss of life, environmental damage, and economic and social setbacks. The paper identifies key prevention strategies and discusses the need for improved safety management practices. In conclusion the recommendations for future research and practical measures to strengthen the handling and safety of hazardous chemicals at seaports are offered. Application field of research. Safety management of hazardous chemicals in seaports.