Hasil untuk "Industry"

Jian Qin, Ying Liu, R. Grosvenor

Abstract With rapid advancements in industry, technology and applications, many concepts have emerged in manufacturing. It is generally known that the far-sighted term ‘Industry 4.0’ was published to highlight a new industrial revolution. Many manufacturing organizations and companies are researching this topic. However, the achievement criteria of Industry 4.0 are as yet uncertain. In addition, the technology roadmap of accomplishing Industry 4.0 is still not clear in industry nor in academia to date. This paper focuses on the fundamental conception of Industry 4.0 and the state of current manufacturing systems. It also identifies the research gaps between current manufacturing systems and Industry 4.0 requirements. The major contribution is an implementation structure of Industry 4.0, consisting of a multi-layered framework is described, and is shown how it can assist people in understanding and achieving the requirements of Industry 4.0.

A. Propst, W. Deming

A new edition of a book that details the system of transformation underlying the 14 Points for Management presented in Deming's Out of the Crisis. It would be better if everyone would work together as a system, with the aim for everybody to win. What we need is cooperation and transformation to a new style of management." -from The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education In this book, W. Edwards Deming details the system of transformation that underlies the 14 Points for Management presented in Out of the Crisis. The Deming System of Profound Knowledge, as it is called, consists of four parts: appreciation for a system, knowledge about variation, theory of knowledge, and psychology. Describing the prevailing management style as a prison, Deming shows applying the System of Profound Knowledge increases productivity, quality, and people's joy in work and joy in learning. Another outcome is short-term and long-term success in the market. Indicative of Deming's philosophy is his advice to abolish performance reviews on the job, to look deeper than spreadsheets for opportunities, and even to rethink how we teach and manage our schools. Moreover, Deming's method enables organizations to make accurate predictions, which is a valuable tool in today's uncertain economic climate. This third edition features a new chapter (written by business consultant and Deming expert Kelly L. Allan) that explains the relevance of Deming's management method, and case studies from organizations that have adopted Deming's System of Profound Knowledge, and offers guidance on how organizations can effectively "do Deming."

D. McHugh

Serena Galié, Coral García-Gutiérrez, E. Miguélez et al.

Diverse microorganisms are able to grow on food matrixes and along food industry infrastructures. This growth may give rise to biofilms. This review summarizes, on the one hand, the current knowledge regarding the main bacterial species responsible for initial colonization, maturation and dispersal of food industry biofilms, as well as their associated health issues in dairy products, ready-to-eat foods and other food matrixes. These human pathogens include Bacillus cereus (which secretes toxins that can cause diarrhea and vomiting symptoms), Escherichia coli (which may include enterotoxigenic and even enterohemorrhagic strains), Listeria monocytogenes (a ubiquitous species in soil and water that can lead to abortion in pregnant women and other serious complications in children and the elderly), Salmonella enterica (which, when contaminating a food pipeline biofilm, may induce massive outbreaks and even death in children and elderly), and Staphylococcus aureus (known for its numerous enteric toxins). On the other hand, this review describes the currently available biofilm prevention and disruption methods in food factories, including steel surface modifications (such as nanoparticles with different metal oxides, nanocomposites, antimicrobial polymers, hydrogels or liposomes), cell-signaling inhibition strategies (such as lactic and citric acids), chemical treatments (such as ozone, quaternary ammonium compounds, NaOCl and other sanitizers), enzymatic disruption strategies (such as cellulases, proteases, glycosidases and DNAses), non-thermal plasma treatments, the use of bacteriophages (such as P100), bacteriocins (such us nisin), biosurfactants (such as lichenysin or surfactin) and plant essential oils (such as citral- or carvacrol-containing oils).

John G. Moffat, F. Vincent, Jonathan A. Lee et al.

Adam Sanders, C. Elangeswaran, J. Wulfsberg

Purpose: Lean Manufacturing is widely regarded as a potential methodology to improve productivity and decrease costs in manufacturing organisations. The success of lean manufacturing demands consistent and conscious efforts from the organisation, and has to overcome several hindrances. Industry 4.0 makes a factory smart by applying advanced information and communication systems and future-oriented technologies. This paper analyses the incompletely perceived link between Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing, and investigates whether Industry 4.0 is capable of implementing lean. Executing Industry 4.0 is a cost-intensive operation, and is met with reluctance from several manufacturers. This research also provides an important insight into manufacturers’ dilemma as to whether they can commit into Industry 4.0, considering the investment required and unperceived benefits. Design/methodology/approach: Lean manufacturing is first defined and different dimensions of lean are presented. Then Industry 4.0 is defined followed by representing its current status in Germany. The barriers for implementation of lean are analysed from the perspective of integration of resources. Literatures associated with Industry 4.0 are studied and suitable solution principles are identified to solve the abovementioned barriers of implementing lean. Findings: It is identified that researches and publications in the field of Industry 4.0 held answers to overcome the barriers of implementation of lean manufacturing. These potential solution principles prove the hypothesis that Industry 4.0 is indeed capable of implementing lean. It uncovers the fact that committing into Industry 4.0 makes a factory lean besides being smart. Originality/value: Individual researches have been done in various technologies allied with Industry 4.0, but the potential to execute lean manufacturing was not completely perceived. This paper bridges the gap between these two realms, and identifies exactly which aspects of Industry 4.0 contribute towards respective dimensions of lean manufacturing.

Fabian Hecklau, M. Galeitzke, Sebastian Flachs et al.

Abstract To cope with knowledge and competence challenges related to new technologies and processes of Industry 4.0 new strategic approaches for holistic human resource management are needed in manufacturing companies. Due to the continuous automation of simple manufacturing processes, the number of workspaces with a high level of complexity will increase, which results in the need of high level of education of the staff. The challenge is to qualify employees to shift their capacities to workspaces with more complex processes and ensure the retention of jobs in changing working environments. A strategic approach for employee qualification is described in this contribution.

Kristof De Wulf, G. Odekerken-Schröder, D. Iacobucci

Sindhu Raveendran, Binod Parameswaran, S. B. Ummalyma et al.

The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food preparations is an age-old process. With the advancement of technology, novel enzymes with wide range of applications and specificity have been developed and new application areas are still being explored. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi and their enzymes are widely used in several food preparations for improving the taste and texture and they offer huge economic benefits to industries. Microbial enzymes are the preferred source to plants or animals due to several advantages such as easy, cost-effective and consistent production. The present review discusses the recent advancement in enzyme technology for food industries. A comprehensive list of enzymes used in food processing, the microbial source of these enzymes and the wide range of their application are discussed.

A. Benešová, J. Tupa

Abstract The vision of Industry 4.0 will be bring not only new approaches but also the methodologies and technologies, which will have to be introduced into companies. The transition to such a sophisticated production will not be possible immediately. The main reasons are high financial costs and the lack of qualified employees. This article deals with identification of job roles in the companies.

Joel C. Najmon, Sajjad Raeisi, A. Tovar

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is transforming all segments of the aerospace industry, including commercial and military aircraft, space applications, as well as missiles systems. Such transformation is due to the unique ability of AM to produce parts with complex designs, reduce manufacturing costs (material waste, assembly due to part consolidation, and the need for tools and fixtures), and fabricate parts with premium materials with small production runs and short turnaround times. AM allows the realization of advanced part designs that provide additional space, multifunctional parts, multimaterial parts, part consolidation, and parts that are difficult to machine. The capability of AM to fabricate freeform designs makes it very suitable for the aerospace industry. To date, aerospace companies, such as Boeing, have installed tens of thousands AM parts (including 200 unique nonmetallic part references) on 16 commercial and military aircraft. It has also started the production of titanium AM parts that will allow savings of up to three million USD per aircraft in the near future. GE Aviation is using metal AM to manufacture thousands of fuel nozzles annually for its new LEAP engine. Similarly, Airbus is utilizing metal AM brackets and bleed pipes on its aircraft. It is currently collaborating with Arconic on the production of large-scale AM airframe components and expects to produce 30 t of AM metal parts by December 2018. The main applications of AM in the aerospace industry are rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, and repair, as well as direct digital manufacturing (DDM) of parts made of metal, plastic, ceramic, and composite materials. Currently, the fastest growing application is DDM (final part manufacturing). For metal parts, the main AM technologies in aerospace applications are directed energy deposition and powder bed fusion. For nonmetallic parts, the dominant AM technologies are vat photopolymerization, material jetting, and material extrusion. This chapter reviews the applications, benefits, and opportunities of AM for the aerospace industry, describes the relevant AM technologies, and discusses the current challenges and potential applications.

Benny Tjahjono, C. Esplugues, E. Ares et al.

Abstract The term ‘Industry 4.0’ was coined to mark the fourth industrial revolution, a new paradigm enabled by the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) into the production and manufacturing environment. The vision of Industry 4.0 emphasizes the global networks of machines in a smart factory setting capable of autonomously exchanging information and controlling each other. This cyber-physical system allows the smart factory to operate autonomously. For instance, a machine will know the manufacturing process that needs to be applied to a product, what variation to be made to that product etc., so that the product can be uniquely identifiable as an active entity whose configuration and route in the production line is unique. As the collaboration between suppliers, manufacturers and customers is crucial to increase the transparency of all the steps from when the order is dispatched until the end of the life cycle of the product, it is therefore necessary to analyze the impact of Industry 4.0 on the supply chain as a whole.

K. Campos, P. Coleman, J. Alvarez et al.

Synthetic innovation in drug development Chemical synthesis plays a key role in pharmaceutical research and development. Campos et al. review some of the advantages that have come from recent innovations in synthetic methods. In particular, they highlight small-molecule catalysts stimulated by visible light, enzymes engineered for versatility beyond their intrinsic function, and bio-orthogonal reactions to selectively modify proteins for conjugation. High-throughput techniques are also poised to accelerate methods optimization from small-scale discovery to large-scale production, and complementary machine-learning approaches are just coming into focus. Science, this issue p. eaat0805 BACKGROUND Over the past century, innovations in synthetic chemistry have greatly enabled the discovery and development of important life-changing medicines, improving the health of patients worldwide. In recent years, many pharmaceutical companies have chosen to reduce their R&D investment in chemistry, viewing synthetic chemistry more as a mature technology and less as a driver of innovation in drug discovery. Contrary to this opinion, we believe that excellence and innovation in synthetic chemistry continue to be critical to success in all phases of drug discovery and development. Moreover, recent developments in new synthetic methods, biocatalysis, chemoinformatics, and reaction miniaturization have the power to accelerate the pace and improve the quality of products in pharmaceutical research. Indeed, the application of new synthetic methods is rapidly expanding the realm of accessible chemical matter for modulating a broader array of biological targets, and there is a growing recognition that innovations in synthetic chemistry are changing the practice of drug discovery. We identify some of the most enabling recent advances in synthetic chemistry as well as opportunities that we believe are poised to transform the practice of drug discovery and development in the coming years. ADVANCES Over the past century, innovations in synthetic methods have changed the way scientists think about designing and building molecules, enabling access to more expansive chemical space and to molecules possessing the essential biological activity needed in future investigational drugs. In order for the pharmaceutical industry to continue to produce breakthrough therapies that address global health needs, there remains a critical need for invention of synthetic transformations that can continue to drive new drug discovery. Toward this end, investment in research directed toward synthetic methods innovation, furthering the nexus of synthetic chemistry and biomolecules, and developing new technologies to accelerate methods discovery is essential. One powerful example of an emerging, transformative synthetic method is the recent discovery of photoredox catalysis, which allows one to harness the energy of visible light to accomplish synthetic transformations on drug-like molecules that were previously unachievable. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs in molecular biology, bioinformatics, and protein engineering are driving rapid identification of biocatalysts that possess desirable stability, unique activity, and exquisite selectivity needed to accelerate drug discovery. Recent developments in the merging fields of synthetic and biosynthetic chemistry have sought to harness these molecules in three distinct ways: as biocatalysts for novel and selective transformations, as conjugates through innovative bio-orthogonal chemistry, and in the development of improved therapeutic modalities. The development of high-throughput experimentation and analytical tools for chemistry has made it possible to execute more than 1500 simultaneous experiments at microgram scale in 1 day, enabling the rapid identification of suitable reaction conditions to explore chemical space and accelerate drug discovery. Finally, advances in computational chemistry and machine learning in the past decade are delivering real impact in areas such as new catalyst design, reaction prediction, and even new reaction discovery. OUTLOOK These advances position synthetic chemistry to continue to have an impact on the discovery and development of the next generation of medicines. Key unsolved problems in synthetic chemistry with potential implications for drug discovery include selective saturation and functionalization of heteroaromatics; concise synthesis of highly functionalized, constrained bicyclic amines; and C-H functionalization for the synthesis of α,α,α-trisubstituted amines. Other areas, such as site-selective modification of biomolecules and synthesis of noncanonical nucleosides, are emerging as opportunities of high potential impact. The concept of molecular editing, whereby one could selectively insert, delete, or exchange atoms in highly elaborated molecules, is an area of emerging interest. Continued investment in synthetic chemistry and chemical technologies through partnerships between the pharmaceutical industry and leading academic groups holds great promise to advance the field closer to a state where exploration of chemical space is unconstrained by synthetic complexity and only limited by the imagination of the chemist, enabling the discovery of the optimal chemical matter to treat disease faster than ever before. Evolution of synthesis as a driver of innovation in drug discovery. Past, present, and future advances in synthetic chemistry are poised to transform the practice of drug discovery and development. Innovations in synthetic chemistry have enabled the discovery of many breakthrough therapies that have improved human health over the past century. In the face of increasing challenges in the pharmaceutical sector, continued innovation in chemistry is required to drive the discovery of the next wave of medicines. Novel synthetic methods not only unlock access to previously unattainable chemical matter, but also inspire new concepts as to how we design and build chemical matter. We identify some of the most important recent advances in synthetic chemistry as well as opportunities at the interface with partner disciplines that are poised to transform the practice of drug discovery and development.

Li Lin, H. Peng, Zhongfan Liu

Alp Ustundag, E. Çevikcan

Alexandre Moeuf, S. Lamouri, R. Pellerin et al.

SMEs, as prominent actors in industry, must meet more and more complex customer expectations. Recently, the concept of Industry 4.0 has emerged. This new approach enables the control of production processes by providing real-time synchronisation of flows and by enabling the production of unitary and customised products. Our research goal is to identify Industry 4.0 risks, opportunities and critical success factors with regards to the industrial performance of SMEs. The recent emergence of Industry 4.0 and the inherent difficulty of identifying detailed examples has not yet enabled a satisfactory statistical study to be conducted on Industry 4.0 cases in SMEs. To reach our research goal, we selected 12 experts to conduct a Delphi study supplemented by Régnier’s abacuses. Our study demonstrates that the major risks facing the adoption of Industry 4.0 in SMEs include a lack of expertise and a short-term strategy mindset. Our research also indicates that training is the most important factor for success, that managers have a prominent role in the success and/or failure of an Industry 4.0 project, and that SMEs should be supported by external experts. Lastly, Industry 4.0 offers a unique opportunity to redesign SME production processes and to adopt new business models.

Michael Sony, Subhash S. Naik

Purpose Industry 4.0 is the present trend in automation and data exchange in organizations. However, till today, there is no generic and common understanding in terms of assessing the Industry 4.0 readiness for organizations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key ingredients for assessing Industry 4.0 readiness for organizations, the interrelationships that exist between these readiness factors and how future research should proceed given the research findings. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) methodology of Tranfield et al. (2003) was employed to ensure the replicability and transparency of the review process. Altogether, 68 articles were identified for the final thematic analysis. Findings The SLR results generated six broad themes of readiness factors. The interrelationship mechanism between these factors was identified. In addition, 17 research propositions were elucidated. Research limitations/implications Being the first literature review on assessing Industry 4.0 readiness for organizations, it finds 17 research propositions which will give the future researchers a guideline for further research in Industry 4.0. Practical implications Although Industry 4.0 is the buzzword, very few organizations understand the concept in detail. This paper will help the organizations to identify the factors which they have to asses critically before implementing Industry 4.0 in an organization. Originality/value Nevertheless, there has been a lot of research on Industry 4.0; this is the first systematic literature to identify the key ingredients for assessing Industry 4.0 readiness for organizations.

S. Bello, Lukumon O. Oyedele, Olúgbénga O. Akinadé et al.

Abstract Cloud computing technologies have revolutionised several industries for several years. Although the construction industry is well placed to leverage these technologies for competitive and operational advantage, the diffusion of the technologies in the industry follows a steep curve. This study therefore highlights the current contributions and use cases of cloud computing in construction practices. As such, a systematic review was carried out using ninety-two (92) peer-reviewed publications, published between 2009 and 2019. A key highlight of the findings is that cloud computing is an innovation delivery enabler for other emerging technologies (building information modelling, internet of things, virtual reality, augmented reality, big data analytics) in the construction industry. As such, this paper brings to the fore, current and future application areas of cloud computing in the construction industry. The paper also identifies barriers to broader adoption of cloud computing in the construction industry and discusses strategies for overcoming these barriers.

Matteo Perno, L. Hvam, Anders Haug

Since the introduction of the concept of “digital twins” (DTs) in 2002, the number of practical applications in different industrial sectors has grown rapidly. Despite the hype surrounding this technology, companies face significant challenges upon deciding to implement DTs in their organizations due to the novelty of the concept. Furthermore, little research on DT has been conducted for the process industry, which may be explained by the high complexity of accurately representing and modeling the physics behind production processes. To consolidate the fragmented literature on the enabling factors and challenges in DT implementation in the process industry, this study organizes the existing studies on DTs with a focus on barriers and enablers. On this basis, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on DTs by organizing the DT literature and by proposing conceptual models describing enablers of and barriers to DT implementation, as well as their mutual relationships.

Shohin Aheleroff, Huiyue Huang, Xun Xu et al.

There is a recognized need for mass personalization for sustainability at scale. Mass personalization is becoming a leading research trend in the latest Industrial Revolution, whereas substantial research has been undertaken on the role of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies. The world is moving beyond mass customization, while manufacturing has led to mass personalization ahead of other industries. However, most studies have not treated human capabilities, machines, and technologies as sustainable collaboration. This research investigates mass personalization as a common goal under the latest Industrial revolutions. Also, it proposes a Reference Architecture Model for achieving mass personalization that contributes to understanding how Industry 5.0 enhances Industry 4.0 for higher resilience and sustainability through a human-centric approach. The study implies that Human Capital 5.0 leads collaboration with machines and technologies, bringing more value-added and sustainable products.