Hasil untuk "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"

Suwarsono, B. Setiadji, Musa Asy’arie et al.

Objective: The ancient Arab economy developed in the second half of the first millennium BC. Its glory peaked in the first century until the early second century AD, with trade routes to North Arabia and Syria. Nabataean kingdom in North Arabia was established, with two major cities as trading centers: Petra, and Palmyra. using the sociological perspective of education and commercialization theory, the ancient Arab economy has a mode of merchant capitalism.   Theoretical Framework: Ancient Arab trading capitalism revived in the pre-Islamic Arab period, from the end of the fourth century AD. Mecca became the center of international trade, side by side with Yathrib and Taif. Two types of markets were born, the inner market and the outer market. New institutions related to culture, politics, and economy were established, including the division of labor institutions and institutions that regulate traders' interaction from inside and outside Makkah.   Method: This research uses an interpretative paradigm with a qualitative approach, case study type, and multicase design. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity using triangulation of sources, methods, and theories. Next, an interactive model analysis is carried out. The research object was carried out in the Yogyakarta and Surakarta regions of Indonesia.   Results and Discussion: Merchant capitalism during the early Islamic era underwent characteristic changes, similar to social capitalism. Referred to as Religious Capitalism, because its inspiration comes from religious teachings. The state regulates the market: the prohibition of exaggerating the quality of goods, bidding new prices, intercepting goods before they reach the market, hoarding goods, and silent trading. State revenues have also increased, including spoils of war, income from the agricultural and industrial sectors, kharaj, endowments, 'ushr, jizya, redemption money, loans, alms, and gifts. The state is involved in public affairs, for example by establishing the Diwan.   Research Implications: The reconstruction of Islamic civilization should follow the model of Religious Capitalism, which is one of the main legacies of the early Islamic period. Social capitalism is also gaining momentum. Apart from that, a development model with a mode of peaceful revolution is also proposed: dialogue and cooperation with the dominant civilization. The geopolitics of the world are also shifting.   Originality/Value: Three technical requirements are needed, namely political democracy, economic cooperation, and active participation in global institutions. The main attention is directed to the development of knowledge and science, with critical and conventional madzab models.

O. V. Gokova

This article explores corporate social responsibility in the context of supporting employees who have children or plan to have them. In light of the demographic crisis in Russia, particularly in Russia, particularly in the Omsk Oblast, this study examines the initiatives of large companies that have developed social support programs for family-oriented employees. The primary focus is on analyzing successful case studies aimed at increasing birth rates by creating conditions that allow employees to balance work and family life. The study reveals that, despite the economic incentives included in state policies, the main issue of the demographic crisis remains unresolved. The demographic situation is further exacerbated by economic problems, a declining number of reproductive women, and uncertainty in the labor market. For this reason, the article suggests engaging businesses in supporting families as a sustainable solution to increase birth rates and improve employees' quality of life. Modern labor market research confirms a shortage of young professionals, presenting employers with the challenge in retaining and motivating their personnel. The labor market competition index in various Russian regions remains low. Furthermore, the high migration rate of skilled workers from these areas aggravates the staff shortage, especially in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. The article provides examples of company programs from organizations such as "Norilsk Nickel", "Transneft" and "MMK". These programs include support measures like material assistance, favorable conditions for large families, and medical and educational services for employees' children. The study demonstrates that these measures, aimed at reinforcing family values, can increase employee loyalty and productivity. Recruitment agencies report that in Omsk the cost of adapting a new employee can exceed 90,000 rubles. Programs of major companies not only serve to motivate employees but also create stable conditions for families, thereby reducing turnover and stabilizing work teams. Thus, based on modern statistical data, this article confirms that implementing social support programs for employees with family responsibilities has a significant positive impact on both the demographic situation and various business performance indicators.

Yu. G. Lavrikova, S. N. Kotlyarova, E. V. Vasilyeva

Russia is experiencing an acute staffing crisis, which is particularly evident in the shortage of industrial workers among skilled workers. Large industrial companies play a key role in shaping the human resources potential of the regions, being drivers of economic development. The article structures the methods of attracting labor resources by enterprises based on the search source into internal and external ones. The results of the study show that effective staffing requires an integrated approach, including not only the choice of methods of attracting labor resources that are adequate to the needs of the labor market, but also detailed measures to create conditions for the professional growth of specialists at the enterprise and, importantly, conditions for improving the quality of life and consolidating the population in the territory. The article systematizes the experience of the largest industrial companies in Russia in attracting, retaining and consolidating the workforce in the territory of their presence. A study of the cases of large industrial companies and their policy on staffing the economy of the territories of their presence has shown that companies combine social, educational and financial tools to close the personnel gap. The participation of large industrial companies in the formation of the human resources potential of the regions significantly affects the employment and income of the population in the regions of their presence.

O. Khandii

The article is devoted to the study of the strategic principles of personnel management of industrial enterprises in the context of workforce development in the context of war and post-war economic transformations. It is determined that the personnel policy of the Ukrainian industry is undergoing significant structural changes under the influence of demographic decline, labor migration, mobilization processes and technological modernization. It is proved that the modern model of personnel management should combine a short-term response to crisis challenges with long-term strategies for the development of human capital. The role of a people-centered approach in personnel policy, which involves the development of competencies, continuous learning, digitalization of HR processes and strengthening of social dialogue, is revealed. It is shown that an effective personnel management strategy should be based on the integration of state and corporate mechanisms, in particular through the development of dual education, the introduction of digital platforms for monitoring competencies and the expansion of partnerships between business and educational institutions. It is substantiated that in the conditions of post-war recovery, personnel security, the development of internal training systems, the creation of flexible forms of employment and the formation of a corporate culture of resilience are of particular importance. The article emphasizes that the modernization of industry is impossible without updating approaches to human resources management, because it is the quality of the workforce that determines the ability of enterprises to innovative growth. Strategic guidelines for enterprises are proposed: the development of internal training systems, the digital transformation of HR processes, the creation of mechanisms for motivating and supporting employees, as well as the integration of social and labor aspects into the strategic planning process. It is concluded that the formation of an effective system of strategic personnel management will contribute to increasing labor productivity, strengthening the human resource potential of industry and ensuring the long-term sustainability of the national economy in the conditions of global competition.

S. P. Kovalev, E. Yashina, P. S. Turzin et al.

In the present conditions of economic development, one of the key factors determining the quality of life of the working population is preservation of professional health and maintenance of long-term labour longevity of employees. This aspect is becoming more and more significant in the context of the growing competition at the labour market and the necessity of increasing labour productivity. This priority is realized through a complex of corporate initiatives that include specialized programs of professional health improvement aimed at achieving the optimal balance of physical, psychological and social well-being of the employees, which in its turn provides for increasing their labour efficiency and reducing the costs of enterprises for medical care and compensation. The article deals with the results of the study conducted among the heads of regional authorities. The study was devoted to the issues related to creation of methodological materials aimed at evaluation of the profitability of health promotion programs, implementation of the professional retraining systems based on modern labor market requirements, optimization of financing based on of economic feasibility and return on investment, development of regulatory framework based on economic performance indicators, and development of mechanisms of public-private partnerships in corporate health sector. The authors point out that investment in employees’ healthcare pay off by reducing morbidity, reducing staff turnover and improving the quality of products, and implementation of appropriate staff health promotion programs can be regarded as an important tool of strategic business development in the conditions of the modern market economics. One of the main strategic priorities influencing the creation of a decent life for the country’s working population is their professional health and professional longevity. Corporate target projects are used for this purpose, including the ones that involve corporate workplace health promotion programs allowing the employees to achieve their personal rational level of physical, mental and social well-being. To assess the impact of corporate measures aimed at improvement of the workers’ health the authors carried out a research that involved a survey of heads of regional government authorities. The analysis of the survey data revealed that regional “Public health promotion” projects are being actively developed and implemented in the regions alongside with the regional and municipal programs and plans for corporate health promotion. Proposals and recommendations of regional government authorities on improvement of development and implementation of corporate professional health promotion programs of industrial enterprises were related to the further development of regulatory and methodological documents, the methodological base, the process of professional retraining, and increased funding.

Abbas Fatahizadeh, Hossein Esmaili, Mohammad Shafiei

Committed literature, as a powerful instrument for promoting social justice and freedom, has played an unparalleled role in the history of industrial and class-based societies. This form of literature aims to critique and analyze unjust social, economic, and political conditions, contributing to public awareness and stimulating social activism. This study examines the role of committed literature—particularly labor literature—in advancing the ideals of social justice and freedom. Through an analytical review of the works of prominent authors such as Maxim Gorky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Simin Daneshvar, and Gholam-Hossein Sa’edi, the article investigates the impact of committed literature on social awakening and the promotion of positive transformations. Specifically, this research focuses on the role of language and distinctive literary forms in analyzing class contradictions, exploitation, and class struggles, and endeavors to demonstrate how such works have sought social change and the realization of justice and freedom for the marginalized classes across various societies.

D. Babash

In the context of the transformation of the republic’s economy, issues of labor mobility have gained particular importance. Within the structure of labor movements, territorial mobility is increasingly prominent, influencing the quality of labor potential, determining the state of regional labor markets, and contributing to more efficient use of labor resources through their redistribution. One of the main economic problems is the shortage of agricultural specialists and the migration of the rural population to cities. The purpose is to identify personnel shortages in rural areas based on statistical migration data, examine labor income levels by economic sector, and develop proposals aimed at increasing the mobility of workers in the agrarian sector. Methods — statistical, comparative analysis, and systematization methods were applied to identify the volume of interregional rotation of rural workers and average monthly wages by type of economic activity. Results — the proposed approach to assessing the social mobility of the workforce, combined with effective practical implementation of a modern human capital management system, will make it possible to obtain a more complete picture of the social and labor sphere of Kazakhstan’s rural territories. Conclusions — the shortage of workers in regional agriculture is associated with rural-to-urban migration, relatively low wage levels in the agricultural sector compared to other economic activities, and ineffective personnel mobility. Programs for rural development should include effective mechanisms for ensuring rural employment and comprehensive state support measures that stimulate the creation of farms and personal subsidiary plots under conditions of diversification of the agro-industrial complex.

D. Nurgozhaeva, B. K. Karimov, E. Suleymanli et al.

This article presents an analysis of the development of social partnership between enterprises and educational institutions in Kazakhstan. The authors state that there is still a significant gap in research on this issue in domestic sociological science. The term "social partnership" is often analyzed within the framework of labor relations or concerns the interaction of government agencies and non-governmental organizations. The purpose of the study presented in the publication is to analyze the socio-economic and institutional features of social partnership relations between enterprises and educational institutions in Kazakhstan, as well as to develop practical recommendations for strengthening the role of education and industry partnership. The authors conducted a detailed analysis of systematic problems in the development of domestic technical education; based on the comparative method, the best international and domestic practices in the field of social partnership at the level of educational organizations and enterprises were identified. In addition, an institutional model of education and industry partnership in Kazakhstan is proposed. The value of the study is that the implementation of the measures proposed by the authors will significantly improve the quality of training technical specialists, adapt educational programs to modern requirements and create conditions for the continuous professional growth of employees. This will ensure high competitiveness of the domestic economy as a whole. The implementation of the conclusions and recommendations contained in the work will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of social partnership between enterprises and educational institutions in the field of technical education.

O. Pankova, O. Kasperovich

Abstract The authors of the article justified the need for the formation and implementation of a strategic partnership between the state, employers and trade unions in order to create favorable conditions for ensuring workforce capacity for the post-war recovery of Ukraine's industry. The author's research is based on the structural-functional approach. Its purpose is to identify and justify the possibilities of forming a strategic partnership between the state, employers and trade unions to ensure the workforce capacity of the post-war industrial recovery based on the analysis of the condition and specifics of their activities and interaction under conditions of full-scale armed aggression. The content and logic of the author's research included the following: 1) assessment of the general state of the domestic industry, key challenges and threats affecting it under conditions of martial law; 2) identifying the dynamics of changes in the supply of labor to industry, existing sharp contradictions, as well as positive changes in the recovery of certain branches of industry; 3) determination of key guidelines for the renewal of the system of institutions and mechanisms that regulate employment in industry and affect the justification of priorities regarding the processes of formation of workforce capacity for the recovery of Ukrainian industry; 4) analysis of the current state of the system of collective agreement regulation, the activities of key partners of the partnership, the functions of the National Tripartite Socio-Economic Council and the activities of specialized state structures regarding the prospects of personnel support for the recovery of Ukrainian industry; 5) conceptualization of the vision of the formation of a strategic partnership between the state, employers and trade unions to ensure the workforce capacity for the post-war recovery of industry, with the definition of priority tasks. It is substantiated that the modernized system of social dialogue is the basic tool for achieving mutual agreement and synergy in the implementation of strategic partnership in Ukraine. This system should be aimed at solving strategically important issues regarding the stability of the national economy, ensuring the workforce capacity for the post-war development of the industrial sector. Key guidelines for updating the system of relevant institutes and mechanisms are: 1) focusing on the concept of decent work, following the principle of the International Labor Organization (ILO) – 'build back better', as well as not focusing on the indicators of the pre-war level, but rather on achieving a qualitatively new level of functioning of the economy, social labor sphere, Ukrainian industry; 2) implementation of the European integration course and ensuring compliance of the system of relevant institutes in the industry with EU requirements and standards. Keywords strategic partnership, post-war recovery, workforce capacity of Ukrainian industry, trade unions, employers, state, social dialogue

R. Dolzhenko, S. Dolzhenko, S.V. Svinin

The aim of the research is to study and systematize the perceptions of young people (schoolchildren, secondary specialized school students, university students) about working at industrial enterprises in conditions of possible discrepancy between their value perceptions and the realities of industrial production, factory economy, and social policy. The main research methods include a sociological survey of representatives of 3 segments: schoolchildren, secondary specialized school students, and university students, as well as in-depth interviews and focus groups with young employees of industrial enterprises. The authors conclude that young people are characterized by certain job preferences regarding working conditions, wages, and career expectations, which often do not match the plant’s capabilities. Most respondents have no idea about the advantages of working in industrial structures. The HR departments of industrial enterprises can use the results of the study to revise approaches to working with young people, as well as by the heads of schools, secondary specialized schools, and universities interested in developing educational programs designed in accordance with the requests of customers from the real sector of the economy.

I. Vershinina

The article examines the features of the current stage of urbanization, in particular, the increasing complexity of spatial organization associated with cities overcoming their administrative boundaries, which led to the emergence of agglomerations and urban regions. New urban forms are considered as a result of the formation of a post-industrial society, where the labor market demonstrates greater flexibility than in the industrial one. In addition, the modern transport system makes it possible to easily cover significant distances in a short time and thereby changes the idea of space. Digital technologies have made it possible to transfer a number of interactions (both personal and business) to a remote format, which also contributed to the expansion of urban entities and complicated their management. The author also points out the ambiguous nature of the social consequences of digitalization and algorithmization of urban space. It is noted that smart city technologies, which are positioned as an effective opportunity to counteract uncertainty and manage it, create new vulnerabilities and threats. Special attention is paid to new challenges that modern cities face due to climate change. Thus, the author demonstrates a wide range of social problems relevant to modern urban entities that are becoming in creasingly complex. The article emphasizes that today urban studies is an interdisciplinary field for which sociology is of great importance, allowing us to get an answer to the question of how to improve the quality of life of the population of all spatial forms existing today.

Serina Chang, Alicja Chaszczewicz, Emma Wang et al.

Generating social networks is essential for many applications, such as epidemic modeling and social simulations. The emergence of generative AI, especially large language models (LLMs), offers new possibilities for social network generation: LLMs can generate networks without additional training or need to define network parameters, and users can flexibly define individuals in the network using natural language. However, this potential raises two critical questions: 1) are the social networks generated by LLMs realistic, and 2) what are risks of bias, given the importance of demographics in forming social ties? To answer these questions, we develop three prompting methods for network generation and compare the generated networks to a suite of real social networks. We find that more realistic networks are generated with "local" methods, where the LLM constructs relations for one persona at a time, compared to "global" methods that construct the entire network at once. We also find that the generated networks match real networks on many characteristics, including density, clustering, connectivity, and degree distribution. However, we find that LLMs emphasize political homophily over all other types of homophily and significantly overestimate political homophily compared to real social networks.

Aarav Patel, Peter Gloor

Environmental Social Governance (ESG) is a widely used metric that measures the sustainability of a company practices. Currently, ESG is determined using self-reported corporate filings, which allows companies to portray themselves in an artificially positive light. As a result, ESG evaluation is subjective and inconsistent across raters, giving executives mixed signals on what to improve. This project aims to create a data-driven ESG evaluation system that can provide better guidance and more systemized scores by incorporating social sentiment. Social sentiment allows for more balanced perspectives which directly highlight public opinion, helping companies create more focused and impactful initiatives. To build this, Python web scrapers were developed to collect data from Wikipedia, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google News for the S&P 500 companies. Data was then cleaned and passed through NLP algorithms to obtain sentiment scores for ESG subcategories. Using these features, machine-learning algorithms were trained and calibrated to S&P Global ESG Ratings to test their predictive capabilities. The Random-Forest model was the strongest model with a mean absolute error of 13.4% and a correlation of 26.1% (p-value 0.0372), showing encouraging results. Overall, measuring ESG social sentiment across sub-categories can help executives focus efforts on areas people care about most. Furthermore, this data-driven methodology can provide ratings for companies without coverage, allowing more socially responsible firms to thrive.

Ruijie Xi, Munindar P. Singh

Moral reasoning reflects how people acquire and apply moral rules in particular situations. With increasingly social interactions happening online, social media data provides an unprecedented opportunity to assess in-the-wild moral reasoning. We investigate the commonsense aspects of morality in ordinary matters empirically. To this end, we examine data from a Reddit subcommunity (i.e., a subreddit) where an author may describe their behavior in a situation to seek comments about whether that behavior was appropriate. Other users comment to provide judgments and reasoning. We focus on the novel problem of understanding the moral reasoning implicit in user comments about the propriety of an author's behavior. Especially, we explore associations between the common elements of the indicated reasoning and the extractable social factors. Our results suggest the reasoning depends on the author's gender and the topic of a post, such as when expressing anger emotion and using sensible words (e.g., f-ck, hell, and damn) in work-related situations. Moreover, we find that the commonly expressed semantics also depends on commenters' interests.

Amar Khelloufi, Huansheng Ning, Abdenacer Naouri et al.

The Social Internet of Things (SIoT), is revolutionizing how we interact with our everyday lives. By adding the social dimension to connecting devices, the SIoT has the potential to drastically change the way we interact with smart devices. This connected infrastructure allows for unprecedented levels of convenience, automation, and access to information, allowing us to do more with less effort. However, this revolutionary new technology also brings an eager need for service recommendation systems. As the SIoT grows in scope and complexity, it becomes increasingly important for businesses and individuals, and SIoT objects alike to have reliable sources for products, services, and information that are tailored to their specific needs. Few works have been proposed to provide service recommendations for SIoT environments. However, these efforts have been confined to only focusing on modeling user-item interactions using contextual information, devices' SIoT relationships, and correlation social groups but these schemes do not account for latent semantic item-item structures underlying the sparse multi-modal contents in SIoT environment. In this paper, we propose a latent-based SIoT recommendation system that learns item-item structures and aggregates multiple modalities to obtain latent item graphs which are then used in graph convolutions to inject high-order affinities into item representations. Experiments showed that the proposed recommendation system outperformed state-of-the-art SIoT recommendation methods and validated its efficacy at mining latent relationships from multi-modal features.

D. Stozhko, K. Stozhko, A. Shilovtsev et al.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the migration nature and specifics as a socio-economic phenomenon in the context of the current state and prospects of development of the agrarian economy of the Russian Federation in the conditions of a new social reality. The research objectives: analysis of international rules for the migration policy implementation in the context of the current migration and food crises; assessment of rural labor migration in the Russian Federation; determination of the nature and prospects for regional rural labor migration development. The authors reveal the contradictions and factors of international migration policy and the advantages of Russia in the field of its implementation. The idea is formulated about the need to implement a policy on creation of new jobs, increase of employment in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy, and development of transport infrastructure to support the “labor commutation” characteristic of the old industrial region.

Mr. Rutik T Vyawhare, Mr. Aniket S Warale, Prof. Sharad Kadam

This research paper examines the implementation and consequences of the introduced labor codes, in India. These codes aim to modernize and streamline the framework governing employment relations in the country. The study takes an approach combining a review of existing literature, analysis of policies and empirical investigations to assess how these changes impact employee rights, welfare and working conditions. The paper closely analyzes provisions within the labor codes that cover wages, social security, industrial relations and occupational safety. Special attention is given to how these provisions affect groups in the workforce such as gig economy workers. To gather insights for this study both quantitative data from surveys and qualitative information from interviews and focus group discussions are utilized. The findings reveal a range of outcomes with both effects and potential drawbacks for employees. While there are benefits in terms of formalizing the sector and making it easier to conduct business concerns remain regarding job security erosion reduced bargaining power and increased potential, for exploitation—especially among marginalized individuals

Yulies Tiena Masriani, Z. Arifin, Markus Suryoutomo et al.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of how some layoffs by private companies have been affected during COVID-19 and the restrictions imposed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) to overcome.   Theoretical framework: The negative effect of COVID-19 as a labour sector. The methodology used in the study is statutory and normative legal study using analytical approaches   Design/methodology/approach:  The methodology used in the study is statutory and normative legal study using analytical approaches.   Findings:  One option that can be adopted is that companies can manage industrial relatives by running work from home (WFH) regardless of the conditions and type of work conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, job loss guarantees (JKPs) need to be strengthened or added to the social security system.   Research, Practical & Social implications: social dialogue through COVID-19. The ILO should develop a comprehensive approach to workers' rights, decent work, social safety and   Originality/value: First, respect the core provisions of the International Labor Standards on safety and health, work arrangements and job security, which ensure that workers, employers and governments or certain sectors of the workforce are able to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Respect for enabling values will contribute to a culture of social dialogue and cooperation in the workplace that is critical to recovery and restoration of employment and working conditions during and after a crisis.

D. Garompolo, A. Molinaro, A. Iera

In light of the growing number of user privacy violations in centralized social networks, the need to define effective platforms for decentralized online social networks (DOSNs) is deeply felt. Interesting solutions have been proposed in the past, which own the necessary mechanisms to allow users keeping control over their personal information and setting the rules to regulate the access of other users. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of this type of solutions is severely reduced by the fact that different user communities with a shared interest could be disconnected/separated from each other. This translates into a reduced ability in effectively spreading data of common interest towards all interested users, as it currently happens in centralized social networks. In order to overcome the cited limitation, this paper proposes a disruptive approach, which exploits the availability of a new class of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with autonomous social behaviors and cognitive abilities. Such devices can be leveraged as friendship intermediaries between devices' owners who are connected to a DOSN platform and share the same interest. We will demonstrate that clear advantages can be achieved in terms of increased percentage of Interested Reachable Nodes (a specific measure of Delivery Ratio) in distributed social networks among humans, when enhanced with so called Mediator Objects adhering to the well-known social IoT (SIoT) paradigm.

Marcos R. Fernandes

In this study, I present a theoretical social learning model to investigate how confirmation bias affects opinions when agents exchange information over a social network. Hence, besides exchanging opinions with friends, agents observe a public sequence of potentially ambiguous signals and interpret it according to a rule that includes confirmation bias. First, this study shows that regardless of level of ambiguity both for people or networked society, only two types of opinions can be formed, and both are biased. However, one opinion type is less biased than the other depending on the state of the world. The size of both biases depends on the ambiguity level and relative magnitude of the state and confirmation biases. Hence, long-run learning is not attained even when people impartially interpret ambiguity. Finally, analytically confirming the probability of emergence of the less-biased consensus when people are connected and have different priors is difficult. Hence, I used simulations to analyze its determinants and found three main results: i) some network topologies are more conducive to consensus efficiency, ii) some degree of partisanship enhances consensus efficiency even under confirmation bias and iii) open-mindedness (i.e. when partisans agree to exchange opinions with opposing partisans) might inhibit efficiency in some cases.