Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

S. A. Anderson

Xiaotao Peng, Xiaotao Peng, Ziling Tan et al.

Accelerating urbanization and industrialization in China has intensified land use conflicts (LUCs), requiring the identification of potential LUCs and their reconciliation to support the sustainable utilization of land resources. In this study, we established a hierarchical multi-criteria evaluation system for land use competitiveness from the perspective of land suitability and potential driving forces of land-use conversion. Based on this system, we measured the competitiveness intensity for construction, agricultural, and ecological land. Finally, a conflict identification matrix was used to determine the types and intensity of LUCs. We took Guangdong Province as the case study because it is one of the most economically dynamic regions in China and is experiencing severe LUCs. The results were as follows: the potential LUCs were more acute in the non-core areas of the Pearl River Delta, the Eastern Coastal Economic Zone, and the Western Coastal Economic Zone, but weak in agricultural advantage areas, economically developed metropolitan, and ecologically sensitive areas. The primary types of these conflicts were notably between agricultural and ecological land, between agricultural and construction land, and among three land use types, which accounted for 34.00, 10.40, and 10.51% of the provincial area, respectively. The conflict between agricultural land and ecological land mainly occurred in the interface between agricultural and forest ecosystems. Based on the scope, intensity, and spatial patterns of LUCs in each zone, we finally proposed targeted land use strategies and recommendations for different administrative regions. Our findings provide scientific evidence for sustainable land use planning and management in rapidly developing regions.

László Sipos, Kolos Csaba Ágoston, Péter Biró et al.

Consumer sensory testing is the basis for determining directions of product development in the food industry. However, while compliance assessment by trained and expert assessors is well developed, few information is available on testing consumer consistency. Therefore, we provide a statistical framework to rank assessors and attributes according to the level of inconsistency, as well as to identify inconsistent assessors, based on Kendall rank correlation coefficients. The detection of (in)consistency requires evaluations on two connected scales. The suggested approach is illustrated by data from sensory tests of biscuits enriched with three pollens at different levels. 100 consumers evaluated the samples on two different scales (nine category monotonic ascending hedonic response scale, five-category just about right (JAR) intensity scale). The 88 consistent assessors are found using a wider range of both the liking scale and JAR scale than the 12 inconsistent assessors whose evaluations do not have a significantly negative rank correlation. Future consumer tests are recommended to include multiple scales. The proposed framework aims to identify and even filter out the potentially biasing inconsistent evaluations. Questions on attributes leading to highly inconsistent responses should be reconsidered in future sensory tests on the same food product.

Tenna Christoffersen, Inge Tetens, Anja Weirsøe Dynesen et al.

Background & Aims: Older adults with overweight and obesity (overnutrition) may be overlooked in terms of nutritional risk. The aim of the present study was to characterise older adults in community care with overnutrition according to a proposed screening model and to compare this group with older adults with normal weight in terms of nutritional risk, malnutrition, sarcopenia, or a combination of both. Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study included residents from six nursing homes in a rural Danish municipality. From April to July 2022, we collected data on age, sex, body composition, chronic diseases, muscle strength, nutritional risk and dietary intake from medical records. Nutritional risk, malnutrition and sarcopenia assessments were based on the criteria set in the Eating Validation Scheme, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. A covariate analysis and a Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate differences in the variables and in nutritional risk, malnutrition and sarcopenia between the groups. Results: A total of 116 residents were included in the study. We found that 52% had overnutrition and that 89% of these older adults experienced both low physical function and non-communicable diseases. Compared with older adults with normal weight, the group with overnutrition had a lower calf circumference adjusted for body mass index (P=0.008), a lower 30 second Chair Stand Test score (P=0.03), a higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P=0.02) and a statistically non-significant higher prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia combined (P=0.0002). Conclusion: More than half of the older nursing home residents in this study had overnutrition, with almost 90% experiencing both NCDs and low physical function. When comparing the group with overnutrition with older adults with normal weight, the study showed that they had a similar prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition and that the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in those with overnutrition.

Lora Oravecz, Attila László Szűcs, Júlia Patakiné Bősze

Tanulmányunkban a WHOOP okoseszközt mutattuk be és vizsgáltuk, fókuszunk központjába helyezve annak alvás-, terhelés- (strain) és regenerációs mutatóit. Ezek a területek jelentős mértékben járulhatnak hozzá a fizikai és mentális teljesítmény optimalizálásához. Az eszköz laboratóriumi szintű alvásanalízise személyre szabott ajánlásokat nyújt az optimális pihenéshez, figyelembe véve az egyéni életvitelt és körülményeket. A strain mutató objektív módon méri a fizikai és mentális terhelést, segítve a felhasználót abban, hogy hatékonyan szabályozza edzésterhelését. A regenerációs érték pedig komplex fiziológiai paraméterek alapján mutatja meg a szervezet aktuális alkalmazkodóképességét. A szerzők saját tapasztalatai alapján a WHOOP használata jelentős támogatást nyújtott a tudatosabb életmód kialakításában, a pihentetőbb alvás elérésében és a terhelés-tervezés finomhangolásában. A készülék különösen hasznos lehet rekreációs sportolók és egészségtudatos felhasználók számára, bár fontos, hogy az eszköz adatait mindig egyéni szempontok és szakmai háttértudás alapján értelmezzük.

Mark Cannon, Elizabeth Dempsey, Ashlee Cosantino et al.

The present study used a syngeneic mouse model of malignant melanoma to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of continuous xylitol administration via a subcutaneous osmotic minipump. The B16F10 syngeneic model for malignant melanoma consisted of 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice subcutaneously injected with 5 × 10⁵ B16F10 cells suspended in 100 μL PBS in the right flank. The mice were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 was the treatment group, which received 10% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> xylitol in saline-loaded pumps (<i>n</i> = 10), while Group 2 was the control group, which received saline-loaded pumps (<i>n</i> = 10). ALZET 2004 minipumps were implanted subcutaneously in the left flank of B16F10-injected mice once more than 50% of all mice developed palpable tumors. After pump implantation surgery, the mice were monitored daily and weighed 2–3× times per week. Tumor sizes were measured with calipers 2–3× per week, and all mice were euthanized when their tumors became too large (20 mm on any axis or 2000 mm³). The tumor size growth was reduced by approximately 35% by volume in the xylitol-treated group which was not statistically significant. The xylitol group had a longer survival time, but this was not statistically significant (Kaplan–Meier), as was the case with the survival analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model. The metabolomic analysis suggests that xylitol significantly alters the tumor’s metabolism, potentially affecting the host immune response.

Juan Li, Xiaowei Liu, Xiaolong Yang et al.

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of vitamin A (VA), vitamin D (VD), and homocysteine (Hcy) on cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). Methods This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Ningxia Province, China. A total of 5000 participants aged 25–74 were recruited and divided into two groups based on the definition of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: the CMM group and the Non CMM group. Demographic, lifestyle, and laboratory data were collected to investigate the correlation between vitamin A, D, Hcy levels and CMM risk. The association was analyzed using multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic spline method. Results CMM incidence increased with age, being higher in females (20.05%) compared to males, Hypertension was present in 96.20% of CMM cases. Reduced VD levels correlated with an elevated CMM risk (OR = 1.799, 95% CI: 1.466–2.238), showing an inverse dose-response relationship, even after adjusting for confounders (OR = 1.553, 95% CI: 1.233–1.956). However, VA and Hcy levels were not significantly associated with CMM risk. The inverse correlation between VD status and CMM risk was more pronounced in males, obese individuals, and those with normal blood lipid profiles (P < 0.05). Conclusions The risk of CMM increases with age, especially in women. Inadequate VD status increases vulnerability to CMM, suggesting that optimising VD reduces the risk of CMM.

A. Sasegbon, S. Hamdy

Becca B. R. Jablonski, Paul Milbourne, Siobhan Maderson et al.

City, national, and multinational governments are increasingly leveraging nutrition programme spending, specifically pursuing policies that require or incentive “local” procurement, to meet a myriad of goals. However, these policies involve tradeoffs that are often not fully considered by government officials, planners, and advocates. This perspective article provides some examples of those tradeoffs from the peer-reviewed literature, which, we argue, are useful to consider in setting school feeding programme policies to achieve sustainability goals.

Juan Carlos Barrios Renteria, Luis Alfredo Espinoza-Espinoza, Jaime Valdiviezo-Marcelo et al.

Ascorbic acid deficiency has been associated with several health conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the content of ascorbic acid and the sensorial qualities of Mangifera indica and Myrciaria dubia yogurts. Four yogurt treatments were elaborated with different concentrations of these fruits (T1: 15% and 5%; T2: 15% and 10%; T3: 20% and 5% and T4: 20% and 10%) respectively, compared with a control treatment (CT: yogurt with 15% of Fragaria vesca). The ascorbic acid contents of the different treatments were determined by spectrophotometry, with values in the following order (T1: 63.2 mg/100 g; T2:114.3 mg/100 g; T3: 57.3 mg/100 g; T4: 115.1 and the control treatment CT:11.5 mg/100 g). The sensorial evaluation consisted of the application of a hedonic scale of 5 points (1: I dislike it very much; 2: I dislike it; 3: I neither like it nor dislike it; 4: I like it; 5: I like it a lot), results show evidence that the acidity level had a significant influence during the sensory evaluation. Treatment (T3) showed the greatest preference. The use of Mangifera indica and Myrciaria dubia in the treatments studied ensured ascorbic acid concentrations compared to the control treatment. This was significantly appreciated by consumers when the percentage of Myrciaria dubia was less than 10% of the total mass of the yogurt.

Zyanya Reyes Castillo, Rafael Vázquez Solórzano, Astrid Selene Espinoza García

Las investigaciones recientes han evidenciado una estrecha relación entre el sistema inmunológico y el sistema neuroendocrino en la regulación del metabolismo y el comportamiento alimentario. Esto ocurre por la producción de anticuerpos de baja afinidad dirigidos contra hormonas reguladoras de la ingesta alimentaria, como la leptina y la grelina. Se ha postulado que estos anticuerpos juegan un papel fisiológico en individuos sanos; sin embargo, se han detectado alteraciones en su producción y/o afinidad en enfermedades vinculadas a la alimentación, tales como anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa, obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Además, muchos aspectos relativos al origen, la modulación y/o función de estos anticuerpos permanecen sin esclarecer. Por lo que, en el presente artículo de perspectiva se presenta la evidencia generada respecto a los anticuerpos contra las hormonas reguladoras de la ingesta, su papel emergente en la regulación del metabolismo en contextos de salud-enfermedad y en la regulación del comportamiento alimentario. Se hace especial énfasis en los anticuerpos anti-leptina y anti-grelina y se brindan perspectivas en torno a esta fascinante línea de investigación. Comprender los mecanismos moleculares e inmunológicos implicados en la regulación del metabolismo y el comportamiento alimentario es importante, dado que inciden en la fisiopatología y el tratamiento potencial de enfermedades altamente prevalentes, incluyendo la obesidad, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la DM2.

Feng Zhang, Feng Zhang, Xiaojian Yin et al.

ObjectiveTo estimate the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and executive function (EF) among Chinese Tibetan adolescents.MethodUsing three stages by stratified cluster sampling, 1,427 Chinese Tibetan adolescents were recruited from Tibet, China. SSB consumption status was obtained by questionnaires and the three core EFs (inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were tested by a modified Eriksen flanker task, N-back shift, and a more-odd shifting task. One-way ANOVA or Chi-square test was used to compare SSB consumption in different categories. Taking the SSB consumption 0 time/week group as the reference, general linear regression (for continuous variable) or Logical regression (classified variable) in three Models was conducted to analyze the relationship between SSB consumption and EF for Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents.ResultAfter adjustment of all the covariant in Model 2, all the EF indexes were higher in Chinese Tibetan adolescents with SSB consumption ≥2 times/week than that with SSB consumption of 0 times/week by 21.33 ms (95%CI: 6.72, 35.93), 8.21 ms (95%CI: 7.06, 9.35), 90.46 ms (95%CI: 28.69, 152.23), 147.61 ms (95%CI: 81.42, 213.80), 116.18 ms (95%CI: 74.48, 157.87), 112.41 ms (95%CI: 71.30, 153.52) for incongruent RT, RT difference in incongruent and congruent, 1-back RT, 2-back RT, Heterogeneous RT, RT difference in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggested that SSB consumption was associated with poorer EF in Chinese Tibetan adolescents. SSB consumption should be controlled for healthy brain development of Chinese Tibetan adolescents.

Yaru Song, Chang Chen, Fangzhou Wang et al.

This study aimed to quantitatively assess the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of seven jujube cultivars (NYDZ, MZ, TZ, HZ, HTDZ, GTZ, and JSXZ) before and after the blackening process and to select the most suitable cultivar for blackening. Red jujubes were blackened by aging at high temperature (75°C) and humidity (80%) conditions for 6 days. The contents of soluble solids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, polysaccharides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and antioxidant activities were analyzed using the spectrophotometric method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that the antioxidant activities of all cultivars were significantly enhanced (p < .05) and the contents of selected bioactive compounds in all cultivars increased after blackening, indicating that blackened jujube had higher nutritional value than red jujube. Correlation analysis showed that the total phenolic compounds were the primary source of jujube antioxidant activities. The heat map showed that HTDZ could be selected as the most suitable cultivar for future production of blackened jujube. Red jujube cultivar with high total phenolic content was the best choice for blackening.

L. Kehoe, J. Walton, A. Flynn

Population ageing is rapidly progressing and it is estimated that by 2050 one in every five people globally will be aged 60 years or over. Research has shown that adequate nutritional status can positively impact the ageing process, resulting in improved quality of life and the prevention of chronic disease and mortality. However, due to physiological and social changes associated with ageing, older adults may be at increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. This review aims to investigate the nutrient intake and status of older adults in Europe and to explore the potential role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in addressing some of the nutritional challenges identified in this population group. The available literature has highlighted unfavourable intakes of total and saturated fat, sugar, salt and dietary fibre together with low intakes and suboptimal status of key micronutrients such as vitamins D, B2, B12, folate and calcium. Evidence has shown that the consumption of fortified foods and use of nutritional supplements make significant contributions to intakes and status of these micronutrients in older adults. Continued monitoring of nutrient intake and status is important in light of changing fortification practices and food consumption patterns. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt), food fortification or supplementation to support successful ageing of our populations.

Leqi Cui, Jennifer Kimmel, Leon Zhou et al.

Pea proteins are promising plant proteins in the food industry but their flavor limits consumer acceptance. In this study, the impacts of extraction pH (8.5, 9.5 and 10) and cultivars (Agassiz and Trapeze) on the aromatic flavor profile of spray-dried pea proteins at each one of the three alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation steps were investigated by a headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) metabolomic approach. In total, 53, 54, and 48 representative compounds were obtained for each extraction step, respectively, and were used by Venn diagram, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and heatmap analysis to demonstrate the flavor variations among pea proteins with different extraction pH and cultivars. In addition, the changes of 7 beany-flavor markers during the extraction process were tracked and results showed that, in general, their content peaked in the second extraction step while 28% of the comparisons between the initial and final step showed a significant difference. The results of this study could provide a better understanding of flavor development of pea proteins during their production.

B. Desbrow, Joanna McCormack, L. Burke et al.

Marcos Galván, Guadalupe López-Rodríguez, Marcos González-Unzaga et al.

VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Nutrición. ¿Nutrición basada en la videncia o en la evidencia?

Patrícia de Marchi, Indiomara Baratto

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a presença de ortorexia nervosa em estudantes do curso de nutrição de uma instituição de ensino superior no sudoeste do Paraná. A amostra contou com 82 alunos, sendo 77 mulheres e 5 homens. Foram aplicados 2 questionários, um socioeconômico e outro denominado Orto-15. De acordo com os dados obtidos a maioria dos acadêmicos, 80% (n=66), apresentaram prevalência para o comportamento ortoréxico. Das variáveis analisadas, o fator atividade física apresentou significância (p<0,0001) em relação a ortorexia nervosa, assim como o IMC (p<0,0358), visualizou-se que quanto mais baixo o valor de IMC maior a probabilidade ao comportamento. Com relação ao gênero, todos os participantes do sexo masculino apresentaram comportamento ortoréxico, os participantes do sexo feminino somaram 92% (n=65) do percentual. A Ortorexia Nervosa é um comportamento alimentar anormal e quando não diagnosticada de forma rápida pode levar a danos severos a saúde física e mental. Com os resultados positivos, sugere-se que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas, a fim de traçar o perfil da população brasileira para a prevalência do comportamento. Sente-se a necessidade de uma revisão no questionário Orto-15, uma vez que o mesmo apresenta perguntas de interpretações duvidosas, podendo comprometer o resultado real.   ABSTRACT  Prevalence of orthorexia nerve in academic nutrition course in an institution of higher education in Paraná southwestern This study aims to determine the presence of Orthorexia Nervosa Nutrition Course students at a higher education institution in southwestern Paraná. The sample consisted of 82 students, 77 women and 5 men. They were applied 2 questionnaires, a socioeconomic and another called Ortho-15. According to the data obtained most academics, 80% (n = 66) showed prevalence for ortoréxico behavior. Of the variables analyzed the physical activity factor is most connected to Orthorexia (p <0.0001), followed by BMI value (p <0.0358), where the lower the BMI value greater propensity to behavior. Regarding gender, all male participants showed ortoréxico behavior, female participants amounted to 92% (n = 65) percentage. The Orthorexia Nervosa is an abnormal eating behavior and if not diagnosed quickly can lead to severe damage to physical and mental health. With the positive results of the proposed study, it is suggested that further research be conducted in order to define the profile of the Brazilian population for the prevalence of behavior. Feels the need for a review in Orto-15 questionnaire, since it presents dubious interpretations questions and could jeopardize the actual result.

J. Kinyuru, Joseph Birundu Mogendi, Chris A. Riwa et al.

The consumption of insects is known as entomophagy, and it is practiced by indigenous communities from different regions of the world. •The key nutritional values of edible insect include: high protein content and quality superior to many protein sources; highly unsaturated fats, particularly linoleic and linolenic acids, which are essential fatty acids; vitamins and minerals, particularly the B group of vitamins and essential trace elements, such as iron, zinc, and copper. Besides, they are rich in dietary fiber in the form of chitin, which presents a host of other health and nutrition benefits. •The large-scale production and use of edible insects can help to improve the environment, health, and livelihood of those consuming them. In developing countries, where undernourishment is at a critical level, harnessing and adopting edible insects in the household food supply system can radically improve nutrition and food security. •The mass rearing and production of the edible insects need to be managed efficiently in order ensure the insects and other resources are conserved.

E. Tonkin, Annabelle M. Wilson, J. Coveney et al.