Michał Justyn Bobrzyński (b. 1946) is a scout and an educational activist, as well as a promoter of religious education associated with Lublin. Since the 1960s, he has raised several generations of students as well as teachers. The latter describe him as “an extraordinary personality” and “an idealist who devoted his whole life to the cause of education.” During the People’s Republic of Poland, he opposed the atheisation of scouting and created the Scout Liturgical Movement and, in 1989, the Zawisza Catholic Scout Association. After the political transformation, he founded a school where he implemented a system of individual simultaneous teaching of his own design. The foundations of his pedagogical practice are unchangeably the values of Deo et Patria. This pedagogy is also strongly subject-oriented. The aim of the presented article is to reconstruct Bobrzyński’s biography and his educational outlook (in particular his views on religious and patriotic upbringing), and to present their practical exemplification – the Fr. K. Gostyński Private Catholic High School in Lublin, which has been operating since 1991.
The current debate about objects collected from the colonies offers an opportunity to explore the stories surrounding the objects and their collectors. In doing so, it is also possible to reconstruct the active engagement of collectors with the material at different stages of the object’s biography, from production to use. The subject of this paper is the visual representations created by Marie Pauline Thorbecke and Anna Rein-Wuhrmann while in Cameroon. With their collections of images, the two women offered illustrative material about the colonial world. Thorbecke and Rein-Wuhrmann were among the women who worked and produced photographic material in Cameroon during the German colonial period. It is not only the colonial objects themselves that are important, but also the gender-specific colonial collections created by women. The aim is to show that Marie Pauline Thorbecke and Anna Rein-Wuhrmann created photographic visibilities in an imperially structured context and offered different patterns of meaning and order.
This article addresses the multilayered thematic area focused on the impact of trauma, caused by war and political oppression, on the attitudes of artists who followed combat trails and migration routes to ultimately settle far from their homeland. What I consider particularly challenging in this field of study is to find an answer to the question: why did some of the forcefully displaced artists manage to integrate with the art scene of their final destination, while others preferred to attain their position on the cultural margins of the new locality? The best exemplification of these complex issues is the biography of Józef Czapski (1896-1993), a Polish writer, essayist, art critic, and painter, who fought in the ranks of the Polish army on the fronts of World War I and World War II, and, eventually, permanently settled in France. I argue that it was the wartime and the hell of migration that caused Czapski’s inability to fully assimilate in the Parisian art world, and stimulated his aversion to avant-garde progressivism and innovative experimentation. My analyses reveal that his paintings epitomise remnants of collective and individual trauma, an overwhelming sense of loss, and a ‘residue’ of painful experiences resulting from expulsion and exile.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Fine Arts
How can writing about the collective cultural trauma of the Covid-19 pandemic help in an autobiographical illness narrative about coming to terms with pre-existing Dissociative Identity Disorder? This disorder is characterised by inner plurality, autobiographical amnesia, and difficulties in discerning past from present times. Thinking about how to recall let alone organise such a life story might appear, at first, to be an impossible challenge. Might slow-thinking (coined by Kahneman 2011) through critical reading of comparisons between personal experiences and collective cultural experiences of trauma be a resolution? This lived experience account shares how the pandemic triggered fast-thinking dissociative symptoms but in so doing, gave me the story pieces to start forming a narrative about my earlier childhood trauma. Through slow, comparative readings of this personal experience with classic literary and collective cultural experiences of historical traumas, a co-produced narrative emerges. As a result, instead of the therapeutic creative writing modes that are gaining much traction in third sector mental health programmes and wellbeing forums (such as therapy journals, expressive writing or drama role play, see for instance Sampson 2007), the focus here is on how auto-ethnographic self-therapy can also provide new directions for narrative recovery in pluralistic trauma processing.
The article is devoted to identifying the features of the formation of Jean-Francois Marmontel as a writer, journalist and encyclopedist who made a significant contribution to the literary education of the French society. The relevance of the research topic is due to the study of the views of the scientist that influenced the reception of established and new literary genres of the 18th century. The research methodology is based on a narrative approach in the historiographical perspective, as well as a biographical (cultural-anthropocentric) method that reveals the writer's biography as a typical manifestation of the socio-cultural processes of the age of the Enlightenment. The use of these methods determined the novelty of the study, as it contributed to the consideration of the dynamics of the views of the French educator J.-F. Marmontel and the determination of the degree of his literary contribution to the development of new genres of the moralizing novel and the epic novel, as well as the French Encyclopedia (Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des metiers). It is proved that for J. F. Marmontel the task of the writer was to educate the reader through his introduction to “belle literacy” (belles lettres). The material of the study was the literary works of J. F. Marmontel in French and Russian: poetic works, moralizing stories, novels, including his articles on literature, published in the first edition of the Encyclopedia. An analysis of the content of the French writer's works shows that they are educational and critical in nature, since their author skillfully mastered many literary genres in practice.
Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages
The article is dedicated to the life and fate of a doctor, a graduate of the Omsk
Medical Institute Andrei Pantyukhov — a man whom the famous writer Varlam
Shalamov considered his friend and savior. Dr. Pantyukhov — the prototype of
the protagonist of several «Kolyma Tales» by Shalamov. The article, thanks to
documents from the Pantyukhov family archive, the archives of the Federal Security
Service of Russia in the Omsk Region and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
in the Magadan Region, the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region and the archive
of the Omsk State Medical University, for the first time put into scientific circulation,
makes it possible to find out the details of the biography of Pantyukhov, who
devoted himself to serving the most humane from professions
History (General) and history of Europe, Economics as a science
The renewal regarding the determining importance of objects in the course of human practices, developed in the field of the anthropology of science and technology, allows us to catch a glimpse of the heuristic potential of such a focus while studying cultural and artistic creation. Screenplays, for instance, are textual objects located at the crossroads of many social and productive worlds when it comes to producing a cartoon episode, and appear to be key mediations for productive coordination. We intend to understand how they are practically used and to sketch their biography (from the screenplays’ birth to their substitution by other objects) in order to discover what is at stake inside the social and technological networks of the animation industry and its workers.
A catalogue is provided for the name-bearing type specimens of Trichoptera held by the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids & Nematodes (CNC). All 993 specimens are holotypes, representing 27 families from 29 countries, especially India (746 specimens), Pakistan (79), Iran (33) and Canada (29). Six taxa are unplaced to family; one of these, the amber-preserved Electralberta cretacica Botoşăneanu & Wichard from Alberta, is the sole fossil specimen held. Holotypes of four taxa are considered lost: Setodes ekachringa Schmid (Leptoceridae); Ylodes schmidi Manuel & Nimmo (Leptoceridae); Tinodes pseudorostocki Botoşăneanu (Psychomyiidae); Himalopsyche angnorbui sherpa Schmid (Rhyaco-philidae). Fernand Schmid and his contributions to the CNC are discussed. Schmid was the only CNC staff member ever hired to study Trichoptera, working at the CNC from 1963 to 1985. He designated 900 of the Trichoptera holotypes held at the CNC and he collected 908 of the CNC Trichoptera specimens that were designated as types.
The article is an overview of the thematic issue of the Polish research journal "Russian Review" dedicated to the image of modern Russia in political, media, poetic, marketing and didactic types of discourse. Both national and international research works are taken into consideration. Nowadays researchers become increasingly interested in the category of image. A noticeably stronger position of anthropological, communicative and pragmalinguistic approaches to the analysis of linguistic phenomena and discursive practices has led to an intensive study of the image of state, as well as head of state in various spheres of communication. The image of the country is an intangible resource, which is extremely important not only for the formation of national identity, but also for the position and role of the country in the world and its international policy. The aim of the reviewed issue is to promote exchange ideas among scientists whose research in various scientific disciplines contributes to a deeper understanding of Russia and the formation of its image in national and intercultural communication. The issue provides a multidimensional coverage of various theoretical and practical aspects of the image-making from the perspective of the theory of communication, linguistics, social psychology, discourse studies, cognitive poetics, linguistics and culture studies.
This paper focuses on the rhetoric of kinship in the early biography of the founder of the Persian Empire included in Herodotus’ Histories, that is, within the Herodotean account of Cyrus II of Persia’s birth, childhood and accession to the throne. Its aim is to demonstrate the influence exerted by family ties among characters over the construction of Cyrus’ identity. To this end, the paper examines the speech acts through which characters articulate their family relationships, as well as the clarifications and interpretations made in this respect by the narrator. Results show that there is not a unique identity of Cyrus, but three of them (prince, slave and conqueror) that combine to create a prime example of a hero archetype applicable to men who are born to rule but face great difficulties caused by relatives or people around them.
Este artigo reconstrói a trajetória de vida do comerciante ijebu Osifekunde, com base nos documentos encontrados nos arquivos brasileiros e franceses, utilizando a metodologia da micro-história, com ênfase na redução de escala, que possibilitou relacionar diversos registros a partir de nomes. O texto está dividido em três momentos: uma parte dedicada ao contexto africano, relacionando-o com a história do tráfico de escravos, principalmente entre os anos 1820 e 1830, pano de fundo que possibilita entender as circunstâncias de sua captura; uma segunda, que se concentra na trajetória pessoal de seu segundo proprietário; e uma última parte, subdivida em duas, em que se demonstra como Osifekunde se tornou um homem livre na França e de que maneira o seu retorno ao Brasil fazia parte de sua estratégia de negociação para garantir a liberdade e obter melhores condições de trabalho.
Palavras-chave: Biografia - África - escravidão - liberdade - Pernambuco oitocentista.
Abstract
This article reconstructs the life trajectory of the Ijebu man named Osifekunde, based on documents found in Brazilian and French archives, using micro-history methodology, with an enphasis on scale reduction, which made it possible to link personal names in several different records. The article is divided in three parts: one dedicated to the African context, relating it to the history of the slave trade, mainly between 1820 and 1830, making it possible to understand the circumstances of his capture; a second part concentrates in the life trajextory of his first owner; and a last part, divided in two, in which it is shown how Osifekunte became a free man in France and how his return to Brazil was part and parcel of a negotiation strategy to garantee his freedom and obtain better work conditions.
Keywords: Biography - Africa - freedom - 19th-Century Pernambuco
<strong>Abstrak: </strong>Penelitian ini mengkaji biografi dan kiprah intelektual Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan di Sumatera Timur. Keberlangsungan tradisi intelektual di Sumatera Timur dipengaruhi, salah satunya, oleh kemunculan ulama-ulama di kawasan ini. Sebagian mereka berasal dari etnis Melayu, dan tidak sedikit dari mereka merupakan ulama yang berasal dari etnis Mandailing yang merantau dari kawasan Tapanuli ke Sumatera Timur. Studi ini mengkaji bagaimana peran Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan yang berasal dari etnis Mandailing dalam mengembangkan tradisi intelektual Islam di Sumatera Timur. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis-historis, studi ini mengajukan temuan bahwa Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan memberikan kontribusi bagi penguatan tradisi intelektual Islam di Sumatera Timur. Ia tidak saja menghasilkan karya akademik dalam berbagai bidang keislaman, tetapi juga mampu melahirkan ulama berbakat selain turut memperjuangkan dan mempertahankan kemerdekaan di tanah kelahirannya. <br /> <br /><strong>Abstract:</strong> <strong>Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan, 1901-1969: The Roots of Intellectual Tradition </strong><strong>of </strong><strong>East Sumatra </strong><strong>in Early </strong><strong>20th Centuries</strong>. This study examines the biography and intellectual work of Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan in East Sumatra. The continuation of intellectual traditions in East Sumatra is influenced, among others, by the emergence of scholars in the region. Some of these scholars were local Malays; but a few of them were from Mandailing ethnic who had migrated from South Tapanuli. This study examines the role of Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan, a migrating scholar from Mandailing, in developing Islamic intellectual traditions in East Sumatra. Using a sociological-historical approach, this study proposes the findings that Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan had indeed contributed significantly in strengthening Islamic intellectual traditions of the region. He authored academic works in various fields of Islam, trained younger talented scholars, and also involved in independence struggle in his homeland.<br /> <br /><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Mandailing, Melayu, Sumatera Timur, Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan
C. Wright Mills views sociological imagination as the ability to relate the most intimate to the most impersonal. There are essential linkages between personal troubles and social issues. The sociologist should be able to trace the linkages between biographies and histories. Sociological imagination necessitates sensibility, commitment and responsibility since sociology is a practice of life as well as a practice of work. Sociology is, then, a practice that potentially everyone can perform. The crucial condition is the existence of sociological imagination and sensibility. This sensibility indicates the capacity to picture a social imaginary, however broad or limited. This paper traces the sociological imagination of Alan Turing, who is often considered as the founder of modern computing technology. The history of Turing's scientic endeavours follows (and is followed by) his biography, revealing the strong linkages between his life and work. Turing's sensible, committed and responsible attitude is clear in several cases. This paper focuses on the case of articial intelligence in order to assess Turing's sociological imagination. The paper claims that Alan Turing has the sensibility and imagination.to picture a social imaginary. In order to analyse Turing's imagination in the example of articial intelligence, the paper refers to three faces of sociological imagination of Mills: (1) emphasis on the relation between the most intimate and the most impersonal; (2) developing new sensibilities and new spaces of sensibility; (3) imagining a social picture. By referring to these three faces, the paper analyses the biography of Turing, his mathematical but also sociological imagination, and articial intelligence as the product of this imagination; and again through articial intelligence, it further aims to demonstrate the different possibilities in C. W. Mills' concept of sociological imagination.
A fortuna crítica da obra de Raul Pompéia – especialmente, de seu romance O Ateneu – foi marcada por uma forte aproximação entre a vida do escritor e sua ficção. No entanto, pouco se falou a respeito de um aspecto muito curioso desta relação complexa entre vida e arte: o papel subsequente de Pompéia na literatura brasileira não como escritor, mas como personagem. Curiosamente, o romancista integra a trama de obras ficcionais como, por exemplo, Tentação, de Adolfo Caminha, O canudo, de Afonso Schmidt, e Investigação sobre Ariel, de Sílvio Fiorani. Nesse sentido, a partir de uma comparação entre estas obras, será discutida a possível figuração ficcional de Pompéia, assim como a posição particular de sua subjetividade dentro da mecânica narrativa de cada texto. Do primeiro ao último, há, por assim dizer, um progressivo distanciamento do universo ficcional por ele criado (como o do citado O Ateneu) e uma ênfase cada vez maior em suas crises e inquietações pessoais.
The critical reception of Raul Pompéia’s work – especially that of O Ateneu – has strongly identified over the years his biography to his fiction. However, very little was said on a very peculiar aspect of this complex link between life and art: the subsequent role of Pompéia in Brazilian literature not as a writer, but as a fictional character. Curiously, the writer integrates the plot of fictional works such as Tentação, by Adolfo Caminha, O canudo, by Afonso Schmidt, and Investigação sobre Ariel, by Sílvio Fiorani. In this regard, from an initial comparison of these texts, this article discusses the fictional figure of Pompéia, as well as the particular standing of his subjectivity in each narrative. So to speak, in these texts there is a gradual detachment of the fictional universe of his own works (as that of O Ateneu) and an increasing emphasis on his personal dramas and crisis.
Abstract – IT Prima diva nella costellazione di nuove star dello spettacolo novecentesco, Anna Pavlova visse unicamente nello spirito e nella missione della danza come forma d’arte e stile di vita. Senza temere i rischi del solipsismo, si lancia nell’avventura di una compagnia tutta sua dopo il clamore parigino dei Ballets Russes. Il suo coraggio, la sua curiosità, il suo genio artistico la portano a viaggiare per i cinque continenti senza sosta, a scoprire danze tradizionali, a praticarle essa stessa, come quelle kabuki, apprese non senza sofferenze in Giappone nel 1922. Presentata nella vulgata come paladina della tradizione classicoaccademica, Pavlova può ostentare una biografia degna delle grandi danzatrici moderne a lei contemporanee, come una Duncan o una Ruth St. Denis (con quest’ultima in rapporto di competizione a distanza intorno al soggetto di Radha). Insieme ad una figura controversa e intrigante come quella del danzatore indiano Uday Shankar, crea un trittico di danze di ispirazione orientale all’insegna del rigore filologico e dell’integrazione linguistica, traccia della sua apertura e del rispetto di tradizioni teatrali altre. Abstract – EN Anna Pavlova, the first diva within the stars firmament of the 20th century, spent her life exclusively in the spirit of dance, intended as an art form and a life style, as if it were a mission. She threw herself into the adventure of leading her own company, after the Ballets Russes' European acclaim. Her courage, curiosity and artistic genius took her through five continents, endlessly searching for traditional dances that she learned with tremendous physical suffering, as in Japan with kabuki in 1922. She’s not simply a paladin of the academic tradition. She can in fact claim a biography and dance practice worthy of the most famous modern dancers who lived in her age, such as Duncan and St. Denis (with whom she was in a special competition, though after years, on the subject of Radha). With Uday Shankar, an interesting Indian “classical” dancer, she made the choreographic triptych Oriental Impressions, that was characterized by a strict philological and synchretic poetry testifying to her opening and respect of different theatrical and cultural traditions.
Anthropology, Dramatic representation. The theater