Yustia Atsanatrilova Adi, Sri Hilmi Pujihartati, Rahesli Humsona
et al.
Stunting is widely understood as a chronic manifestation of malnutrition. In Indonesia, the national prevalence of stunting in 2024 stands at 19.8%; however, in the Baduy tribe of Banten Province, stunting prevalence have been reported as high as 60%. This disparity raises a critical question: what cultural barriers significantly hinder stunting prevention within the Baduy community? To address this question, we conducted the present study that employed a qualitative research design with purposive sampling, drawing on in-depth data from 20 informants representing both Baduy Dalam and Baduy Luar tribes. From this study, we identify three dominant cultural barriers related to stunting: limited nutritional knowledge which resulting from restrictions on formal schooling, strict prohibitions against keeping or slaughtering four-legged animals which limit their nutritional intake, and constraints on the use of modern transportation. This study also demonstrates that processes of embodiment, objectification, and institutionalization in the development of cultural capital are effectively sustained within Baduy society; however, these processes also simultaneously reinforce social separation from the broader population and consolidate a traditional belief system that poses significant challenges to public health interventions. Addressing stunting in this context therefore requires culturally embedded strategies that institutionalize collaboration between traditional leaders (jaro) and health workers (bidan). Such strategies should be framed in modern health practices through locally meaningful symbols, ensuring alignment with Indonesia’s legal framework for child protection and stunting reduction, as articulated in Presidential Regulation No. 72 of 2021, Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, and Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health.
The 2x2 Demonstrator, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) liquid argon (LAr) Near Detector, was exposed to the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). This detector is a prototype of a new modular design for a liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC), comprising a two-by-two array of four modules, each further segmented into two optically isolated LArTPCs. The 2x2 Demonstrator features a number of pioneering technologies, including a low-profile resistive field shell to establish drift fields, native 3D ionization pixelated imaging, and a high-coverage dielectric light readout system. The 2.4-tonne active mass detector is flanked upstream and downstream by supplemental solid-scintillator tracking planes, repurposed from the MINERvA experiment, which track ionizing particles exiting the argon volume. The antineutrino beam data collected by the detector over a 4.5 day period in 2024 include over 30,000 neutrino interactions in the LAr active volume—the first neutrino interactions reported by a DUNE detector prototype. During its physics-quality run, the 2x2 Demonstrator operated at a nominal drift field of 500 V/cm and maintained good LAr purity, with a stable electron lifetime of approximately 1.25 ms. This paper describes the detector and supporting systems, summarizes the installation and commissioning, and presents the initial validation of collected NuMI beam and off-beam self-triggers. In addition, it highlights observed interactions in the detector volume, including candidate muon antineutrino events.
Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Mongol rule in China stands as a remarkable example of the amalgamation of two distinct cultures—one sedentary and one agricultural. The progression of the Mongol conquest in both northern and southern China warrants special attention. Initially, the Mongol campaigns in northern China (1211–1234) were marked by excessive cruelty, city destruction, the conversion of lands into pastures, and the displacement of the conquered population. However, this strategy proved to be unproductive, yielding minimal benefits for the Mongols. The strategic proposal presented by Yelü Chucai 耶律楚材 (1189–1243), an adviser to Genghis Khan (Mong. Činggis qaγan, Temüǰin 1162–1227) and Ögedei Khan (Mong. Ögedei qaγan, 1186–1241), compelled the conquerors to reassess their subsequent plans. During the reign of the Mongols in China, the population was divided into four groups: the Mongols, the semu 色目, the northern Chinese, and the southern Chinese. The ethnic hierarchy during the Yuan Dynasty was a structured system that categorised the population into distinct classes, primarily to facilitate governance and maintain social order within the diverse and vast empire. This hierarchy had significant implications for the social, political, and economic life of the people under the Mongol rule. Moreover, the Mongols created their own centralised administrative system, which mostly excluded the Chinese from key government positions. The Chinese were often assigned to minor positions or given fewer opportunities for promotion. This study delves into the traits of the four-class system and the Mongol administrative system in China. The ethnic policy implemented by the Mongols against the conquered people during the Yuan dynasty had a significant impact on social relations, economic activity, and political stability in China, which partially contributed to the dynasty’s later downfall
Entrepreneurship, which people can have without formal economic education, is a tendency acquired through upbringing in the family, competition in school, implies risk and constant self-affirmation through the acquisition of profits and losses, so that it represents the sum of successes and failures, victory and defeat. In the last thirty years, female entrepreneurship has been developing more and more, especially in less developed countries, the reason for such growth is primarily reflected in the promotion of equality between men and women, the right to education, and the development of democracy. Female entrepreneurship is a significant factor in economic development, so the national economy becomes richer. The subject of this research are the entrepreneurial climate in the Balkans compared to the world in terms of female entrepreneurship, what is the role of the family in starting a small business, as well as its survival and growth. In the study the results of previous research in this area. The research method is based on a comparative analysis of studies dealing with this problem from the territory of Balkans. It can be concluded that in the Balkans, female entrepreneurship is still in its infancy, it is about a very small percentage of female entrepreneurs, although according to research, it is evident that there has been no major progress in the last 15 years. Recommendation In the countries of the Balkans, there is a good entrepreneurial climate for the development of female entrepreneurship, especially because women can work from home, and in the future it is necessary to go in this direction.
This research investigates the correlation between tensile strength, tensile strain, and porosity in chemically foamed recycled poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (rPET) samples. Tensile strength and strain were measured on non-foamed samples to predict the porosity of the foamed samples. Utilizing various flame retardants and additives, we analyzed their impact on mechanical properties and structures. However, neither tensile strength nor strain demonstrated a reliable correlation with the resulting porosity. Strain values did not consistently predict porosity, indicating the significant role of additive types and concentrations.
The demography of Bosnia and Herzegovina fits into the Southeast-European trends with sub-replacement fertility and high emigration rates. At the national level, natural decline started in 2007, while migration is influenced by the war and its aftermath, as well as several economic and political push factors (low wages, corruption, high unemployment, etc.), and also has a serious impact on birth and death rates. On the other hand, demographic trends in the Canton of Sarajevo differ from the national pattern. It reached sub-replacement fertility more than a decade later (2019), and migration still has a positive balance: besides significant emigration rates, immigration to the Canton, especially from the other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is higher. Since migration involves younger generations, it is also a factor behind the more favourable fertility rates, and can be evaluated as a consequence of better socio-economic development in the capital and its gravitational area.
In the Canton, there have been several factors that contributed to the decline of birth rates in the past decades. Changing functions of family and children in the society, increasing women's employment, educational level and career aspirations, growing individualism and rationality, the changing social climate in relation to children, higher personal standards, and other socio-psychological factors should be mentioned. Birth rates were also (positively) influenced by other factors. One of the most important points is that the Canton has certainly one of the best support policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina including financial support and allowances for newborn children, subsidies in preschool education, primary and secondary schools as well as scholarships for pupils and students. Positive economic trends such as new constructions of residential buildings, business, and shopping centres, as well as an even stronger concentration of attractive institutions and activities should be emphasised.
In 2021, the total fertility rate accounted for 1.38 in the Canton, while it has shown a great variation among the municipalities. The municipality with the lowest total fertility rate (Novi Grad) had the highest total number of live births in the Canton, while the municipality with the lowest total number of live births (Trnovo) was the only one with total fertility rate values above the replacement level. Due to its demographic, economic and political significance, the Canton of Sarajevo is a key area for population revitalisation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Therefore, local measures have national significance, and can act as a model for the rest of the country in terms of population policy as well.
History (General) and history of Europe, Economic history and conditions
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are released during the storage of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates and might play adverse or beneficial roles throughout the utilization of blood products (transfusion). Knowledge of EV release associated factors and mechanism amends blood product management. In the present work the impact of storage time and medium (blood preserving additive vs isotonic phosphate buffer) on the composition, size, and concentration of EVs was studied using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) and freeze-fraction combined transmission electron micrography (FF-TEM). The spectroscopic protein-to-lipid ratio based on amide and the C–H stretching band intensity ratio indicated the formation of various vesicle subpopulations depending on storage conditions. After short storage, nanoparticles with high relative protein content were detected. Spectral analysis also suggested differences in lipid and protein composition, too. The fingerprint region (from 1300 to 1000 cm−1) of the IR spectra furnishes additional information about the biomolecular composition of RBC-derived EVs (REVs) such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactose, glucose, and oxidized hemoglobin. The difference between the vesicle subpopulations reveals the complexity of the REV formation mechanism. IR spectroscopy, as a quick, cost-effective, and label-free technique provides valuable novel biochemical insight and might be used complementary to traditional omics approaches on EVs.
A Köz-gazdaság interjút kért dr. Jeszenszky Gézától, korábbi magyar külügyminisztertől a Köz-gazdasági folyamatok alakulásáról, arról, hogy mi várható 2023-ban. Az interjú szövegét 2023. április 30-án zártuk le.
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
Evgeny Dantsin, Vladik Kreinovich, Alexander Wolpert
AlphaZero and its extension MuZero are computer programs that use machine-learning techniques to play at a superhuman level in chess, go, and a few other games. They achieved this level of play solely with reinforcement learning from self-play, without any domain knowledge except the game rules. It is a natural idea to adapt the methods and techniques used in AlphaZero for solving search problems such as the Boolean satisfiability problem (in its search version). Given a search problem, how to represent it for an AlphaZero-inspired solver? What are the "rules of solving" for this search problem? We describe possible representations in terms of easy-instance solvers and self-reductions, and we give examples of such representations for the satisfiability problem. We also describe a version of Monte Carlo tree search adapted for search problems.
Verica Takač, Viola Tóth, Marianna Rakszegi
et al.
An increase in the production and consumption of spelt products can be associated with positive effects on human health, which are attributed to bioactive compounds present in the grain. The basic success of spelt wheat in organic farming might be explained by the fact that spelt wheat belongs to the group of hulled wheat where the presence of a husk protects the seed from abiotic and biotic stress factors, thus demanding less chemical protection. The goal of this study was to investigate the variations in the bioactive compound (alkylresorcinol, arabinoxylan, β-glucan), protein, starch and fructan content of bread and spelt wheat under different farming systems (conventional and organic). The results showed higher protein and alkylresorcinol but lower fructan content in spelt wheat. Organic spelt had significantly higher starch, fiber and alkylresorcinol content but lower β-glucan and protein content than conventionally grown spelt. The spelt variety ‘Oberkulmer-Rotkorn’ was characterized by the highest values for the majority of analyzed traits under both farming systems. Overall, the environmental conditions (Hungary and Serbia), farming systems (conventional and organic) and wheat species (bread and spelt) contributed to the variations of the compositional traits in different manners.
It has been shown that jasmonic acid (JA) can alleviate drought stress. Nevertheless, there are still many questions regarding the JA-induced physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie the adaptation of plants to drought stress. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether JA application was beneficial for the antioxidant activity, plant performance, and growth of <i>Grewia asiatica</i> L. Therefore, a study was conducted on <i>G. asiatica</i> plants aged six months, exposing them to 100% and 60% of their field capacity. A JA application was only made when the plants were experiencing moderate drought stress (average stem water potential of 1.0 MPa, considered moderate drought stress), and physiological and biochemical measures were monitored throughout the 14-day period. In contrast to untreated plants, the JA-treated plants displayed an improvement in plant growth by 15.5% and increased CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation (AN) by 43.9% as well as stomatal conductance (GS) by 42.7% on day 3. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of drought-stressed JA-treated plants increased by 87%, 78%, and 60%, respectively, on day 3. In addition, <i>G. asiatica</i> plants stressed by drought accumulated 34% more phenolics and 63% more antioxidants when exposed to JA. This study aimed to understand the mechanism by which <i>G. asiatica</i> survives in drought conditions by utilizing the JA system.
Using thermal insulation materials to reduce energy loss in buildings is a key action. For reducing the building’s energy use, firstly, the internal unheated spaces (attics, cellars) should be insulated, followed by the insulation of the external walls, and changing the doors and windows. Finally, the building can be completed with the renovation/maintenance of its service systems. Newly designed and constructed buildings are subject to increasingly strict regulations, which highlight the minimization and elimination of wasteful energy use and the resulting emissions of harmful substances. Therefore, the use of thermal insulation is the first step in making buildings more energy efficient. In this editorial, seven articles covering thermal insulation possibilities and topics are highlighted. This paper reflected on the use of thermal insulations both for internal and external applications. This editorial also promotes the use of super insulation materials such as aerogels and vacuum insulation panels; furthermore, the possible applications of bio-based insulations are also endorsed. In this paper, the sound insulation capabilities of some materials are also emphasized, and they will be presented from the point of view of cost.
This paper aims to investigate the origins of ancient coins of Japan (until the 10th century CE), introduce the characteristics of their design and patterns, and examine their role in early Japanese culture and public administration, while briefly introducing the ancient Chinese coins that served as inspiration. Japan adopted numerous ancient Chinese cultural practices during the Asuka and Nara periods (538–794 CE). Especially from the second half of the 7th century to the 8th century CE, Japan introduced various social systems from the Tang dynasty in order to build a centralised government. Japanese nobles recognised the importance of metallic currency, leading to some silver and bronze coin production at the second half of the 7th century CE, including that of Mumon Ginsen and Fuhonsen coins. Scholars believe that they were modelled after ancient Chinese coins. The mintage was regarded as an essential tool for the Japanese government to display the independence and the authority of the nation, both inside and outside the country. The system of the first official imperial currency (Kōchōsen) was introduced to Japan in the early 8th century CE and inspired by the Kāiyuán Tōngbǎo cash coins of the Tang dynasty. The oldest known official Japanese imperial coinage is the Wadō Kaichin. In the second half of the 8th century CE, the national currency was reformed, and silver and gold cash coins were introduced. However, by the end of the 10th century CE, Japan subsequently suspended the mintage and circulation of coins.
Husserl szinte az egész életműve során használja Vergegenwärtigungot mint fogalmat, amit Sartre és Ricœur prezentifikációnak (présentification) fordít. A prezentifikáció több különböző kontextusban is feltűnik Husserl szövegeiben: mind az idő, mind a másik, mind pedig a fantázia és a kép kapcsán is használja. A prezentifikáció jelentősége is épp ebben áll. Abban, hogy együtt és egyszerre teszi tematizálhatóvá a temporalitás, az alteritás és a képi megjelenítés problémáját. Csakhogy a prezentifikáció Husserlnél egy kitüntetten nem reprezentációszerű megjelenítés. Olyan megjelenítés, amit nem előzött meg a jelen. Vagyis a temporalitás, az alteritás, a fantázia és a képi megjelenítés között épp ez a nem-reprezentatív, nem a jelenen alapuló megjelenítés a közös – vélhetjük a prezentifikáció alapján.
We consider nonlinear elliptic system of type
\begin{equation*}
-D_{\alpha}A_{i}^{\alpha}(x,Du)=D_{\alpha}f_{i}^{\alpha}
\end{equation*}
and give conditions guaranteeing $C^{1,\gamma}$ interior regularity of weak solutions.
Vahideh MoghaddamHosseini, Monika Gyuró, Alexandra Makai
et al.
Background: Assessing prenatal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by parity using a comprehensive consistent instrument with the transient nature of pregnancy is still under investigation. Objective: To assess HRQoL and specify its predictors among expectant women in Hungary through Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-43). Method: s: 477 healthy pregnant women were asked to fill the Hungarian version of PROMIS-43 and further instruments in late pregnancy.The PROMIS-43 investigates seven parameters, including anxiety, ability to participate in social roles and activities, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, physical function, and pain interference. Results: While physical function and fatigue subscales obtained the highest proportion in the mild and moderate range, respectively, other subscales were felled into the normal range in all participants. A comparison of parity showed that the mean T-score of subscale “Anxiety” was significantly higher in nulliparous than that of in multiparous women (p = 0.02). The assessments indicated that the predictors, including parity, anxiety, and depression were the most common predictors for the poor HRQoL domains in both the nulliparous and multiparous women. In nulliparous, social support was a significant predictor for better HRQoL in depression, fatigue, and pain intensity domains. In multiparous, the strongest predictors included social support for lower depression, wanted pregnancy for lower pain intensity, and previous emergency cesarean section for higher pain intensity subscale. Conclusion: The results of PROMIS-43 support the fact that the screening and continuous assessment of physical function and psychological status at early and over pregnancy is still on demand to optimize the outcomes of maternity care.
Molecular breeding, a powerful technique to increase crop yield, tries to predict yield by crop growth models with genotype specific, environment-independent yield components and environmental indices as inputs. A fluorescence-trait-based approach is presented to approximate some costly and time-consuming measurements of yield components. Temporal monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence resulted in fluorescence traits with high heritability (0.60-0.82) that could act as proxies for model inputs. Medium-sized Pearson's correlations were calculated between fluorescence traits, light-use efficiency (LUE), and fruit related parameters up to 0.53. Multi-trait quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses identified genomic regions of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) involved in the phenotypic variation of the fluorescence traits. Fluorescence QTLs found on linkage groups P6, P7, and P11 corresponded to QTLs for number of fruits, partitioning into fruits, and LUE. Fluorescence parameters within 1 min of the fluorescence response curve can thus be useful to approximate yield component traits.
The aims of this study were to adapt the Hungarian version of the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 and test an expanded Sport Commitment Model (SCM) with psychological variables.
We study the problem of maximising terminal utility for an agent facing model uncertainty, in a frictionless discrete-time market with one safe asset and finitely many risky assets. We show that an optimal investment strategy exists if the utility function, defined either over the positive real line or over the whole real line, is bounded from above. We further find that the boundedness assumption can be dropped provided that we impose suitable integrability conditions, related to some strengthened form of no-arbitrage. These results are obtained in an alternative framework for model uncertainty, where all possible dynamics of the stock prices are represented by a collection of stochastic processes on the same filtered probability space, rather than by a family of probability measures.