Hasil untuk "Philology. Linguistics"

Eva Gómez Fernández

La Rueda del Tiempo es una ficción serializada producida por Prime Video que, aunque retoma el tradicional monomito propio de la fantasía épica, sitúa en un lugar central a las mujeres y, más concretamente, al uso que estas hacen del poder. Este artículo tiene por objeto examinar los tipos de estructuras sociales que se representan en la serie: la matriarcal, la matrilineal, la patriarcal y aquella que esclaviza a las mujeres. Se analizarán seis tipos de feminidad que se plasman a lo largo de la narrativa: comunitaria, espiritual, hembrista, revolucionaria, sacerdotal y tradicional. El trabajo adopta una metodología propia de los estudios culturales, a partir de la visualización y exégesis de los episodios que conforman esta producción audiovisual. Las conclusiones alcanzadas ponen de manifiesto que esta saga no sólo reinventa el arquetipo de la feminidad en el género fantástico, sino que también explora el conflicto de clases.

Alexandr Alexandrovich Karagodin, I. A. Karagodina

The research aims to present a system for teaching the scientific style of speech to international philology students, based on specialized academic texts. Mastering the scientific style is essential for developing professional communicative competence. The proposed system is reflected in the teaching and methodological manual “Russian as a Language of Specialization”, prepared within the framework of the Russian Linguistics course for undergraduate students in the program 44.03.01 Pedagogical Education. Russian Philology in 2024. The article examines the characteristics of the academic-scientific text as the central unit of the scientific style of speech. The authors elucidate the content and structure of the manual “Russian as a Language of Specialization” and demonstrate a methodology for teaching the scientific style of speech to international philology students using the topic “The History of the Development of Derivatology” as an example. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the authors’ description of a system for teaching the scientific style of speech based on specialized academic texts in the field of philology. As a result, methodical tasks for pre-text, in-text, and post-text work with academic Russian linguistics texts have been identified, and types of assignments for each stage of text work have been proposed.

Mario Furtado Fontanive

Este ensaio pretende mostrar um caminho que vai da escravidão, à qual foram sujeitos muitos trabalhadores desde antes da Revolução Industrial, passando pela Revolução Industrial, quando a violência a que eram submetidos os escravizados foi transferida para uma forma alienada do trabalho, até chegar às tecnologias digitais atuais. Propõe que os dispositivos tecnológicos digitais incorporaram estruturas alienantes advindas das antigas formas de submissão do trabalhador. O texto inicia falando sobre como as sofisticadas tecnologias atuais são desenvolvidas para resolver demandas que não têm ligação com as reais necessidades de grande parte da população e finaliza discorrendo sobre como uma nova forma de atenção para com populações marginalizadas pode incitar práticas emancipadoras.

Maria Juda

The history of publishing in Poland encompasses many issues associated with the emergence and dissemination of printed books. Of fundamental significance to the study of these issues are the records of the publishing output: while we have nearly complete, though still underexamined, records of this output for the period from the 15th to the 18th century, documented in bibliographies and catalogues, the situation is worse when it comes to the 19th and 20th centuries, until the outbreak of the Second World War. In this respect, what we need is not only a continuation, but a radical intensification of bibliographic work. This concerns works published in the Latin, Cyrillic, Hebrew and Greek scripts, as well as musical notation. Polish book scholars have devoted a lot of attention to the beginnings of printing in Poland. The historiography concerning various typographic workshops located in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is rich; however, it still requires further extensive studies. Scholars have also been interested in phenomena influ- encing the content structure of printed publications, such as publishing privileges (in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), censorship and restrictions imposed by the partitioning powers and later by Poland’s communist authorities, as a result of which Polish publications had to be printed abroad and an independent publishing movement emerged. The scholars’ research interests have also focused on books as products of printers and publishers and on the publication of written works. Scholars have examined both the various components of the book (title page, printer’s signet, stemmata, etc.) and its editorial composition as a whole. Their undoubted achievements in the studies of the history of publishing in Poland are significant, yet in many areas they need to be continued and expanded (one important task is the edition of sources for the study of the history of Polish publishing) and to investigate the phenomena that stem from developmental tendencies in modern book studies.

Yelena Nickolaevna Vorobyova

The work aims to systematize and identify the main areas of research on scientific and academic discourse in Russian linguistics. This review-analytical study is based on dissertations for the degree of Doctor of Philology and Candidate of Philology over the past ten years, which constitutes its scientific novelty. The author focuses on the issues of the cognitive-discursive paradigm of linguistic knowledge, which has become firmly established in the science of language in recent years. The work examines the main trends in the study of various genres of academic (scientific) communication. Particular attention is paid to current approaches to the study of the terminological system of scientific discourse. The review revealed the active development of the theory of scientific discourse under the influence of the cognitive-discursive approach in the study of scientific text. It can be concluded that the anthropocentrism of modern linguistic research has allowed for a new perspective on some traditionally distinguished problems, rethinking and deepening many concepts and categories typically discussed in the stylistics of scientific speech.

Makpal Khamitova, Altynay Tymbolova, G. Omarbayeva et al.

Carl Wunsch

Abstract Many changes took place in physical oceanography over the last 60 years, as the science encountered the global‐scale problems of climate and in the availability of numerous new technologies. Changes have been in the known science, and in the intellectual culture in which it is pursued.

K. O. Gusarova

The article examines the tension between the individual and the collective in current mainstream photographic practice, which is considered within the long-term historical context of commercial portraiture. The individualizing tendencies of this representational tradition as well as its status as (auto)biographical fiction were astutely analyzed by the Russian avant-garde thinkers Alexander Rodchenko and Osip Brik. Criticizing the persistence of “painterly” clichés in studio photography of their time, they saw these conventional elements as something that obscures and distorts reality, substituting for it a beautiful picture. For these leftist theorists, reality was primarily defined by the interplay of social forces, and isolating the subject within the picture frame was sufficient grounds for their disapproval. Taking up their notion of cliché applied particularly to posing, this article proposes to view it, instead, as an entry point into the usually invisible collective dimension of each individual portrait. The first section of the article discusses historical precedents to current mainstream photographic portraiture in terms of class- and gender-specific pressures on the sitters which have contributed to the homogenization of the genre’s visual canon. The suggestion to view stylistically similar images of individuals as expressing a latent collectivity is developed in the second part of the article, which analyzes Jana Romanova’s photographic series W through the theoretical framework borrowed from Lauren Berlant (“intimate public”, “female complaint”) and Gayle Letherby (“auto/biography”).

Marianna Montanaro

La finalità del presente articolo è ricostruire lo stato dell’arte riguardo l’autonomia degli studenti nell’apprendimento delle lingue straniere (LS). L’autonomia è un concetto complesso e ampiamente studiato a partire dagli anni Settanta del Ventesimo secolo. È centrale nelle argomentazioni pedagogiche e glottodidattiche e la riflessione intorno all’autonomia è ancora oggi urgente e contingente in quanto è presupposto per il lifelong learning e per l’innovazione pedagogica e didattica. Si presenta dunque lo stato dell’arte sull’autonomia dagli anni Settanta al primo decennio degli anni duemila, le principali definizioni elaborate dagli studiosi, i modelli di autonomia e le strategie per misurarla, nonché le variabili che influenzano su di essa. Si conclude con l’esposizione dei principali lavori in merito al ruolo del docente nell’ambiente di apprendimento autonomo e con riflessioni intorno alle lacune nello stato dell’arte, nonché nuove prospettive di ricerca.   Autonomy in foreign language learning: a literature review   The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the state of the art regarding the autonomy of students in learning foreign languages (LS). Autonomy is a complex concept that has been extensively studied since the 1970s. It is central to pedagogical and language teaching arguments and the reflection around autonomy is still urgent and contingent today as it is a prerequisite for lifelong learning and for pedagogical and didactic innovation. We therefore present the state of the art on autonomy from the 1970s to the first decade of the 2000s, the main definitions elaborated by scholars, the models of autonomy and the strategies to measure it, as well as the variables that influence it and new perspectives of research.

Fábio Tonissi Moroni, Raquel Borges-Moroni, Eduardo Loebel et al.

Instalações animais são locais onde ocorre reprodução, manutenção ou experimentação em seres vivos para atividades de ensino e pesquisa. Atualmente, elas são legalizadas. Mesmo assim, isso não é suficiente para convencer alguns setores da sociedade civil sobre a necessidade da existência desses espaços. Portanto, para preservar a boa reputação das universidades, é justificável fortalecer a comunicação interna. Logo, este trabalho propõe etapas para a construção desse plano de comunicação. Como resultado, sugerem-se sete passos, os quais são discutidos sob a ótica das teorias institucionais.

Kęstutis Šapoka

Rusijos karas prieš Ukrainą suaktualina putiniškojo režimo propagandos „argumentų“, neva pagrindžiančių agresiją prieš suverenią valstybę, istorinės logikos ir socioideologinės semantikos tyrimus. Straipsnyje lyginamos XIX a. Rusijos inteligentų ‒ slavofilų ir dešiniųjų narodnikų (liaudininkų) bei XXI a. 1–3 dešimtmečių putiniškojo režimo propagandoje eksploatuojamos liaudiškumo sampratos, veikiančios kaip mitologemų ir ideologemų rinkinys. Keliamas slavofilų ir dešiniųjų narodnikų ideologijos istorinio ir politinio perimamumo klausimas putiniškojo režimo propagandoje, vykdomoje įvairiuose karo Ukrainoje kontekstuose. Tyrime išryškinama dviprasmybė ‒ viena vertus, nekorektiška tiesiogiai kildinti XXI a. pradžios Rusijos politinio režimo postulatų iš XIX a. Rusijos konservatyvios politinės minties (slavofilų) ir XIX a. antros pusės narodnikų ideologijos. Antra vertus, XIX a. slavofilų ir šio amžiaus antros pusės dešiniųjų narodnikų suformuluotų liaudiškumo sampratų rudimentai tebėra aktyvūs nūdienos Rusijos kultūrinėje atmintyje, kaip politinio populizmo elementai jie naudojami putiniškojo režimo propagandoje. Tad XIX a. Rusijos slavofilų ir šio amžiaus antros pusės dešiniųjų narodnikų idėjų dalinis perimamumas traktuotinas ne kaip istorinis tęstinumas tiesiogine šio žodžio reikšme, o labiau kaip politinio populizmo naudojamas vienas situacinio „tradicionalizmo“ elementų.

Serafima D. Rozhkova

The paper analyzes how Protestantism was denoted in French royal edicts of the 16th century. The social tension of the period of religious conflicts was unavoidably reflected in the Middle French language. Our task is to trace how it affected the language of law; in particular, what vocabulary was used in legal texts to denote the Reformation and whether it corresponded to the linguistic traditions of formulating legal issues that had developed by that time. We divide the royal statutes into two groups, representing two different legal and language policies applied to Protestantism. The first group includes royal edicts from the first half of the century, where derogatory vocabulary is used to denote the Reformation. The second group contains documents from the last third of the 16th century. They introduce newer, neutral terms for Protestantism, diametrically opposed to the earlier pejorative designations.

Mirosław Jankowiak

Lexical Borrowings from Polish in Belarusian Dialects of Lithuania (the Varėna District) The paper discusses lexical borrowings from Polish in Belarusian dialects of the southern part of the Varėna District Municipality in Lithuania. The dialectological material has been collected from members of the oldest generation, living in five villages close to the Belarusian border: Balbutai, Rakai, Kalviai, Kotra, and Paramėlis. The borrowings refer to various aspects of life, e.g. the Catholic Church, the sphere of education, administration, vocabulary connected to Polish landowners, Polish culture and everyday life. It is interesting to note that also Polish numerals could be found in the speech of my interlocutors. Borrowings from Polish were more frequent in the speech of the Catholic part of the populace than among Orthodox informers.

Piotr PIEPRZYCA

L’article aborde la problématique de l’équivalence entre les termes principaux du droit cambiaire dans la langue polonaise et française. D’abord, on présente les origines des effets de commerce et l’évolution du droit cambiaire à partir des temps anciens jusqu’au XXe siècle où les règles relatives à cette branche du droit ont été unifiées au niveau international, dans la convention conclue à Genève le 7 juin 1930. Après, on analyse quelques notions liées aux effets de commerce dans les deux versions linguistiques de la convention pour créer le mini-dictionnaire de quelques termes du droit cambiaire. Puis on compare ces résultats avec les équivalents proposés dans les dictionnaires traditionnels. Le but de cette étude est de vérifier si les dictionnaires sont une source valable pour le traducteur des textes juridiques par rapport au corpus composé des textes de droit international, rédigés dans les plusieurs langues.

Tatiana V Dubrovskaya

K. Chang, S. Pollock, Benjamin A. Elman

M. Morani

Susanna Bevilacqua

<p>Il <em>tópos</em> della ‘lancia di Peleo’ è mostrato nel suo percorso dalla Provenza all’Italia, da Bernart de Ventadorn al Dante dell’<em>Inferno</em>, passando per la poesia siciliana e per i poeti pre-stilnovisti: ritenuto essere uno dei più diffusi nell’esperienza lirica delle origini, esso è in realtà raramente utilizzato nella sua forma semanticamente più ricca (la lancia che ferisce con un colpo, e guarisce la ferita con un secondo colpo della stessa lancia), mentre è più spesso incrociato con quello del ‘dardo amoroso’.</p><p>The essay traces the <em>tópos</em> of “Peleus’ spear” throughout the history of literature, from Provence to Italy, from Bernard de Ventadorn to Dante’s Inferno, through Sicilian poetry and pre-stilnovistic poets. While it is believed to be one of the most common <em>tópoi</em> of ancient poetry, it is only rarely used in its semantically richest form (a spear wounding with its first blow and healing with the second) and is more often linked to the concept of a “love dart”.</p>

Gene Vasilopoulos

In the field of language and identity, the subcategory of gender has been an area of growing interest (Pavlenko, 2001; Norton & Pavlenko, 2004; Menard-Warwick, 2008; and Higgins, 2010). Adopting the view of gender as “a system of social relationships and discursive practices” (Norton & Pavlenko, 2004, p. 504), social context is fundamental in understanding how gender relates to foreign language learning. This qualitative study focused on the extent to which gender impacts English language learning and English language use in the context of teaching English as a foreign language in South Korea. More specifically, it investigates how gender shapes self and social identity, and how these identities relate to English language learning and English language use, at present and/or in the future, in both real and/or imagined communities. Four male and four female participants were selected using purposive homogenous sampling techniques based on the criteria of having lived abroad in an English speaking community for over 5 years—a criterion which assumes the formation of self and social identity in addition to their native Korean L1. Data was collected through multiple methods including open-ended questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Interview and questionnaire data reveals gender differences in the symbolic meaning of English language, the relevance of English in self and social positioning, and the role of English in shaping future professional trajectories with males situating themselves in international contexts and females in the local.

Ioannis Kioridis

ABSTRACT. The present paper compares the topic of the husband’s return in two manifestations of the European ballad tradition: the Spanish romances and the Greek tragoúdia. After an introduction outlining the characteristics of both genres, the author presents the structure of the two poems that were on the basis of his investigation. In addition, the author provides a detailed analysis of this topic in several versions of the poems. He concludes that, besides the similarities and analogies, there is one aspect that differentiates the two traditions: in romances, the clues that the wife gives to his husband to be recognized are focused, whilst in the Greek ballads, the wife is not convinced by her husband when he reveals his identity, and then she asks for more proofs to be sure. According to the hypotheses put forward in the present paper, the relevance given to this aspect in the Greek ballad is due to the influence of the Odyssey. RESUMEN. Este trabajo compara el motivo del retorno del marido en dos manifestaciones de la baladística europea, los romances novelescos españoles y las tragoúdia tradicionales griegas. Tras esbozar una introducción a los géneros, el autor presenta la estructura de dos poemas que sirvieron como base de la investigación. Seguidamente, se lleva a cabo un análisis detallado, a partir de un buen número de versiones. Según se concluye, además de las semejanzas y analogías, hay un aspecto que diferencia las dos tradiciones: en los romances, se hace énfasis en las pistas que da la mujer a su marido, quien acaba persuadiéndola; en las baladas griegas, la mujer no está convencida cuando su marido revela su identidad, de modo que le somete a una serie de pruebas antes de convencerse. Según la hipótesis defendida, la importancia dada a este aspecto se debe a una mayor influencia de la Odisea en la balada griega.