Hasil untuk "Sports medicine"

Allison Kelliher, MD, Tan Chen, MD

This case report describes an 18-year-old woman who presented after a high-speed motor vehicle collision with a large displaced right L5 superior facet fracture, noted to be neurologically intact. She sustained multiple associated injuries, including small-bowel trauma with hemoperitoneum requiring exploratory laparotomy and double enterectomy. Following a trial of conservative management with thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO), upright radiographs demonstrated progressive L4–5 coronal and sagittal deformity with facet distraction, her neurologic examination remained normal throughout follow-up. Given her age and the concern for adjacent-segment disease with fusion, we proceeded with total posterior spine (TOPS) arthroplasty at the level of L4–L5. Surgery included laminectomy, bilateral complete facetectomies, pedicle-screw instrumentation, and TOPS implantation. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, with intact neurology and progressive improvement in mobility. This case describes the novel utilization of motion-preserving posterior arthroplasty in traumatic facet injury, allowing for deformity correction while potentially minimizing the long-term morbidity associated with lumbar fusion.

Zuming Mao, Qiang Yang, Xiangyu Meng et al.

Abstract Background Meniscus tears can change the biomechanical environment of the knee joint and might accelerate the development of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic biomechanical effects of different medial meniscus tear positions and tear gaps on the knee during walking. Methods Seven finite element models of the knee joint were constructed, including the intact medial meniscus (IMM), radial stable tears in the anterior, middle, and posterior one-third regions of the medial meniscus (RSTA, RSTM, RSTP), and the corresponding unstable tears (RUTA, RUTM, RUTP). The seven models applied a 1000 N axial static load and a human walking load, as defined by the ISO14243-1 standard. Results Compared with the results under static loading, the axial load ratio of the medial and lateral compartments was redistributed (ranging from 0.7:1 to 2.9:1). The stress concentration was in the middle and posterior portions of the lateral compartment, not in the anterior and middle portions of the medial compartment under dynamic analysis. Compared with that of the IMM, the maximum von Mises stress on the medial meniscus increased by approximately 24.68–57.14% in the RUTA, RUTM, and RSTM models, with a greater difference observed in the hoop stress on both sides of the radial tear. The peak radial tear gap appeared at GC6 and GC44, and the tear gap remained at a high level from GC30-GC60. Conclusions Radial tears should be considered for repair, and reinforced sutures should be placed on the anterior or middle regions of the meniscus. Greater attention should be given to the dynamic biomechanical effects on the knee joint during preoperative diagnosis and postoperative rehabilitation.

Atef Salem, Achraf Ammar, Mohamed Kerkeni et al.

This study investigated the acute effects of beetroot juice (BJ) and creatine (CR) supplementation on maximal strength, heart rate variability (HRV), and muscle oxygenation during incremental resistance exercise. Eleven physically active males (age = 21.36±1.8 years) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover protocol. Participants ingested either 0.3 g · kg −1 of CR or 15 g of beetroot powder (7.26 mmol·L −1 or 450 mg of nitrate) two hours before each session. The three testing sessions included bench press and back squat at 60%, 70%, and 80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) until failure. Repetition-to-failure, peak velocity, power, Heart rate, and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO 2 ) were recorded during both exercises. HRV indices, lower-limb strength performance, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured pre- and post-session. As intensity increased, maximum repetitions decreased significantly in all exercises and conditions ( p < 0.05). Both BJ and CR improved peak velocity compared to placebo ( p < 0.05). BJ led to lower peak heart rates at all intensities during BP and only at 80% of 1-RM during BS and higher SmO 2 across all intensities ( p < 0.05) compared to PLA and CR. From pre- to post session, lactate and RPE increased ( p < 0.05) and lower -limb strength performance and HRV declined ( p < 0.05), in all conditions, with no significant differences between BJ and CR. Compared to PLA, BJ showed significantly higher Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), and high frequency (HF) power at both pre- and post-session ( p < 0.05). CR supplementation resulted in significantly higher RMSSD values compared to PLA at both pre- and post-session time points ( p < 0.001), while HF was significantly elevated only at post-session ( p = 0.018), and SDNN showed no significant differences at either time point. Additionally, BJ revealed significantly higher RMSSD than CR at pre-session ( p = 0.041). In conclusion, both BJ and CR significantly enhanced peak velocity during incremental resistance exercisescompared to placebo. However, BJ provided additional benefits in muscle oxygenation and autonomic nervous system regulation, particularly during high-intensity efforts.

Tae-Won Kim, Chae-Been Kim, Youngseuk Cho et al.

OBJECTIVES Sasang Constitution is a traditional Korean medical system that classifies individuals into four types, Taeyangin, Taeeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin, based on physical and psychological traits. Sasang Constitution is widely used for disease prevention and treatment, emphasizing the potential of personalized healthcare. However, concerns about the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic tools like the Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II) persist. This study investigates the impact of an 8-week lifestyle modification on Sasang Constitution classification using QSCC II, aiming to enhance the reliability and applicability of this diagnostic tool. METHODS A total of 124 sedentary college students participated in an 8-week lifestyle modification program. The participants were assessed with the QSCC II before and after the program to detect changes in their Sasang Constitution classification. The program consisted of self-directed aerobic and resistance training, performed 3 days/week for 40 minutes, along with dietary changes based on Korean nutrition guidelines. RESULTS After 8 weeks, 33.9% of participants (42 out of 124) experienced changes in their Sasang Constitution classification, with the majority of changes observed in the Soyangin group. Decision tree analysis revealed that changes were strongly influenced by four key QSCC II items. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the lifestyle modification program influenced responses to certain QSCC II items. The observed changes in responses related to psychological and interpersonal factors may have been due to the insufficient discriminative power of the items themselves. In contrast, physical factors may be influenced by the program, suggesting that these factors could potentially impact the results of Sasang Constitution classification when using the QSCC II.

الهه پیرعلائی, غلامرضا حمیدیان, زهرا مهری رخ et al.

زمینه و هدف: میکرو RNAها و مکمل‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی به‌عنوان اهداف درمانی بالقوه برای عوارض قلبی‌عروقی و هایپرگلیسمی ناشی از دیابت مطرح شده‌اند. این مطالعه به بررسی اثر تمرین هوازی همراه با عصاره هیدروالکلی میوه قره‌‌قات بر شاخص‌‌های گلایسمیک و بیان miR-195 در بافت قلبی رت‌های مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو پرداخته است. روش تحقیق: تعداد 24 موش‌‌های صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار (میانگین وزنی 20±200 گرم و سن هشت هفته) به‌طور تصادفی به چهار گروه کنترل دیابتی، دیابتی+مکمل، دیابتی+تمرین، و دیابتی+مکمل+تمرین تقسیم شدند. دیابت نوع دو با تغذیه رژیم پرچرب و تزریق استرپتوزوتوسین القا شد. گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده مکمل، روزانه ۲۵۰ میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم از وزن بدن عصاره قره‌‌قات دریافت کردند. پروتکل تمرینی شامل دویدن روی نوارگردان با سرعت ۱۸ تا ۲۴ متر در دقیقه، به مدت ۳۰ تا ۶۰ دقیقه به مدت هشت هفته و پنج روز در هفته اجرا شد. پس از پایان مداخله، گلوکز، انسولین، مقاومت به انسولین و miR-195 بافت قلبی اندازه‌‌گیری شد. برای تحلیل داده‌‌ها از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس یک‌‌راهه با استفاده از نرم‌‌افزار SPSS در سطح معنی‌‌داری 05/0>p استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: پس از هشت هفته مداخله، گلوکز خون ناشتا و مقاومت به انسولین در تمامی گروه‌های مداخله نسبت به گروه کنترل دیابتی کاهش معنی داری نشان داد (p=0/001). سطح انسولین در گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده مکمل نسبت به گروه‌های دیابتی و تمرین به‌تنهایی، به‌طور معنی داری کاهش یافت (به ترتیب با p=0/002، p=0/001). بیان miR-195 در تمامی گروه‌های دیابتی+مکمل، دیابتی+تمرین و دیابتی+مکمل+تمرین؛ نسبت به گروه کنترل دیابتی، کاهش معنی داری داشت ( به ترتیب با p=0/001، p=0/001 ،p=0/01). نتیجه‌گیری: هر دو مداخله تمرین هوازی و مکمل‌‌دهی قره‌‌قات باعث بهبود شاخص‌‌های گلایسمیک و بیان miR-195 می‌‌شوند؛ و ترکیب مکمل‌‌دهی قره‌‌قات با تمرین هوازی اثرات مطلوب‌‌تری بر بیان miR-195 بافت قلبی موش‌‌های صحرایی دیابتی نوع دو دارد.

Mateusz Matczak, Karol Jasiński, Aleksandra Broda et al.

Introduction: Creatine, a widely studied dietary supplement, is known for enhancing athletic performance and muscle strength. Concerns persist regarding its impact on kidney health, as it raises serum creatinine levels, potentially confounding renal function assessments. This review examines creatine’s role in sports and clinical contexts, emphasizing safety and kidney health implications. Aim of the study: To assess the effects of creatine supplementation on kidney function by summarizing evidence from case studies, clinical trials, and long-term research, addressing safety concerns in healthy and at-risk individuals. State of knowledge: Research supports creatine’s efficacy in improving athletic performance, recovery, and muscle strength, with therapeutic benefits in neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, aging, and chronic conditions. Robust trials show no adverse renal effects in healthy individuals, even with long-term or high-dose use. However, case reports highlight potential risks for individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions, especially without monitoring. Elevated serum creatinine levels caused by creatine can mislead eGFR-based renal function tests, warranting cautious interpretation. Conclusions: When used as recommended, creatine is safe and effective for improving athletic and clinical outcomes in healthy individuals. While no direct renal impairment has been observed, caution is essential for those with kidney conditions. Pre-supplementation renal assessments, individualized dosing, and regular monitoring are advised to minimize risks. Creatine remains a valuable supplement, and further research is needed to confirm its long-term safety across various populations.

Rachel Kornbluth, Art McCreary, Aaron Lear

Jefferson Fernando Coelho Rodrigues Júnior, Yago Costa Vasconcelos, Thiago Teixeira Mendes et al.

Objetivo: Examinar as respostas de hidratação e desidratação durante uma sessão de Cross-training realizado em ambiente quente. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 10 homens (28,4 ±4,7 anos; 79,5 ±6,6 kg; 25,8 ±1,49 kg/m2), com experiência mínima de 12 meses de Cross-training, frequência semanal de treinamento de cinco dias na semana e sem histórico de lesões nos últimos seis meses. Todos os voluntários realizaram um protocolo de treinamento no Cross-training denominado “Murph”. A massa corporal, a coloração e a gravidade específica da urina (GEU) foram avaliadas antes e imediatamente após. A massa corporal foi utilizada para os cálculos da taxa % desidratação, % perda de peso e da taxa de sudorese. As variáveis ambientais: temperatura ambiente, temperatura de globo, umidade relativa do ar e o Índice de Bulbo Úmido (IBUTG) também foram monitorados. Resultados: O protocolo “Murph” foi concluído em 97,8 ±12,4 min, todos os voluntários realizaram o protocolo de exercício simultaneamente, sob mesmas condições ambientais. Os voluntários apresentaram um aumento na coloração da urina de 3,30 ±1,77 para 5,60 ±1,17 (p=0,002), com um tamanho de efeito classificado como grande. Além disso, foram observadas uma redução no %desidratação e no %perda corporal 1,28 ±0,40% e 1,20 ±0,39% respectivamente e aumento na taxa de sudorese total de 4,66 ±1,57 g/m2/min. Conclusões: Uma sessão de protocolo de “Murph” em ambiente quente, pode contribuir para a desidratação em praticantes de cross-training.

Vaibhav Tadepalli MD, Winston Gwathmey MD

Background: An os acetabuli is a bone fragment of the acetabular rim. Several stabilization techniques have been described in the literature including the use of canulated headless compression screws, sutures placed over screws, and knotted suture anchors; however, the use of screws near the joint could either lead to irritation or increased joint surface wear if placed improperly. Indications: Fixation of an os acetabuli is indicated when removal of the os would result in under-coverage of the femoral head which would in turn lead to a rapid onset of arthritis. Technique Description: This novel technique for os acetabuli fixation uses knotless suture anchors to create a “suture-staple” construct. Following the debridement of fibrous tissue and labral repair, reduction of the acetabular os is accomplished and confirmed on intraoperative fluoroscopy. Knottless FiberTak™ Suture Anchors are placed in the anterior and the posterior aspects of the os, and the anchor suture of one anchor is passed through the pass suture of the second anchor to create a “suture-staple” configuration. Results: Maintenance of reduction and pain-free motion of the hip was confirmed at 3-month clinic follow-up. The x-rays obtained at this time revealed no evidence of arthritis and appropriate coverage of the hip joint. Discussion/Conclusion: Outcomes of other methods of os fixation are largely lacking; however, outcomes using a knotted suture anchor technique in 3 patients with 1-year follow-up seem to indicate fully healed os fragments in all patients with improvement in patient-reported outcomes scores. Longer-term follow-up will be needed to ensure this similar technique produces similar outcomes. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.

Arthur Ayron Leonardo da Silva, Marcelo Henrique Alves Ferreira Silva, Paulo Vitor Pereira da Silva

Introdução e Objetivo: Identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura que relacionam o efeito do treinamento funcional no equilíbrio de idosos. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado busca nas bases de dados Google Escolar, Scielo de trabalhos publicados entre 2010 e 2020. Dos 56 estudos identificados, 14 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Discussão: a análise dos estudos permitiu a separação em duas categorias. Na primeira categoria foi observado que o treinamento funcional melhorou o equilíbrio. A segunda categoria evidenciou que o treinamento funcional reduziu o risco de quedas dos idosos e melhorou o desempenho das atividades de vida diária. Resultados e Conclusão: os estudos afirmam efeitos benéficos do treinamento funcional sobre os parâmetros de equilíbrio e realização das atividades da vida diária dos idosos.

Daniel Hidalgo, Jacob Bejder, Ramona Pop et al.

Maturing erythroblasts become smaller with every cell division. Here, the authors show that Epo stimulation promotes cell division and also generates larger red cells, and that this occurs in mouse and human cells, suggesting that red cell size could be a diagnostic marker for hypoxic stress.

Mark F Reinking, Nina M Carson, Bridget M End et al.

# Background While previous research has assessed running kinematics for age-related differences that could increase the risk of a running-related injury, none of these studies have included high school aged runners or assessed running kinematics using 2-dimensional video analysis. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare sagittal plane kinematics during treadmill running in high school cross-country and young adult recreational runners using 2-dimensional motion analysis techniques. # Methods Twenty-five high school cross-country runners (13 women, 12 men) and 25 young adult recreational runners (12 women, 13 men) consented to participate in this study. Reflective markers were placed on each lower extremity over multiple anatomical landmarks. After a five-minute acclimation period in which the participants ran on a treadmill at their preferred running speed, video data were recorded at 240 frames per second for all participants while they continued to run on the treadmill. # Results There were no significant differences between left and right extremities. The young adult recreational runners exhibited significantly greater vertical excursion of the center of mass (*t* = 4.64, p = .0001) compared to the high school runners. There was no significant difference between the two age groups regarding the six other sagittal plane variables. # Conclusions The young adult recreational runners demonstrated an increased center-of-mass vertical excursion in comparison to high school cross-country runners. In addition, the results obtained in this study for kinematic variables using 2-dimensional motion analysis were similar to previously reported studies using 3-dimensional motion analysis, demonstrating that 2-dimensional motion analysis could be used for analyzing sagittal plane running kinematics in clinical settings. # Level of Evidence 4, Controlled laboratory study

A. Baggish, M. Ackerman, M. Putukian et al.

The diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in competitive athletes represent a fundamental responsibility of the sports medicine community. Following the diagnosis of a CVD in a competitive athlete, it is the responsibility of the sports medicine team to delineate an effective treatment and management strategy that places the health and wellness of the athlete as the primary objective. An essential and often challenging aspect of this process is determining the appropriateness of continued participation (i.e., “return-to-play”) in competitive athletics. Recently, a joint American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Scientific Statement delineating sports eligibility supports a more patient-centered care model that supports shared decision making for clinicians and their patients/families. The present document was written to summarize the changing sports cardiology landscape with an aim of providing the cardiology and sports medicine communities with some practical approaches to eligibility decision making for competitive athletes with heart disease.

Damian Bator, Magdalena Jańczyk, Ilona Samek et al.

<p>Introduction and purpose: the Terminology Guidelines of the American Hippotherapy Association defines Equine Assisted Activities or Therapies (EAA/T) as a collection of different forms of contact between man and horse. EAA/T have become increasingly common interventions in the last decade, demonstrating therapeutic benefits in various areas of mental health. The aim of this report is to identify the forms and programmes of EAA/T that are used and to summarise and assess the latest available evidences of their clinical effectiveness in the treatment of symptoms of mental ilness and disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, post-traumatic stress syndrome or schizophrenia. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, a literature review has been conducted to summarise existing evidence relating to the subject matter of the study in a descriptive manner. <br /> Description of the state of knowledge: 13 findings were found in autism spectrum disorders (1 review paper and 5 research papers), post-traumatic stress syndrome (1 review paper and 4 research papers), schizophrenia (1 review paper), and children whose parents were addicted (1 research paper). <br /> Summary: the results of the research indicate that Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies (EAA/T), including horse riding, may be beneficial for people with mental illnesses and disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, post-traumatic stress syndrome, schizophrenia, and for people whose parents were addicted.</p>

Maria José Santos, Carlos Almeida, Anabela Figueiredo et al.

Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional, com os objetivos de caracterizar comportamentos sexuais e de vigilância da saúde de jovens adultos e conhecer os fatores a eles associados. A amostra ficou constituída por 171 jovens adultos (19,9% rapazes e 81,1% raparigas), com uma média de idade de 21 anos, e a frequentar uma instituição de ensino superior do norte de Portugal. A informação sobre características sociodemográficas, comportamentos sexuais e de vigilância da saúde foi obtida através de um questionário. No tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial (qui-quadrado). Da análise de resultados observou-se que nos últimos 12 meses 93,0% dos participantes tiveram relações sexuais e 77,0% utilizaram contraceção, sendo o método mais usado o preservativo (35,7%), embora em 38,6% dos jovens o seu uso tenha sido inconsistente. Os comportamentos de risco sexual foram mais frequentes nos rapazes, e consistiram em ter parceiros ocasionais (p<0,001) e no uso de álcool (p<0,001) associado às relações sexuais. É importante continuar a investir na educação sexual dos jovens adultos, para que estes possam fazer escolhas mais informadas e melhorem a adesão à vigilância de saúde sexual e reprodutiva.

Wilson C. Lai, Dean Wang, James B. Chen et al.

Background: Functional movement tests that are predictive of injury risk in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes are useful tools for sports medicine professionals. The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) measures single-leg balance and reach distances in 3 directions. Purpose: To assess whether the YBT-LQ predicts the laterality and risk of sports-related lower extremity (LE) injury in NCAA athletes. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The YBT-LQ was administered to 294 NCAA Division I athletes from 21 sports during preparticipation physical examinations at a single institution. Athletes were followed prospectively over the course of the corresponding season. Correlation analysis was performed between the laterality of reach asymmetry and composite scores (CS) versus the laterality of injury. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal asymmetry cutoff score for YBT-LQ. A multivariate regression analysis adjusting for sex, sport type, body mass index, and history of prior LE surgery was performed to assess predictors of earlier and higher rates of injury. Results: Neither the laterality of reach asymmetry nor the CS correlated with the laterality of injury. ROC analysis found optimal cutoff scores of 2, 9, and 3 cm for anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach, respectively. All of these potential cutoff scores, along with a cutoff score of 4 cm used in the majority of prior studies, were associated with poor sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, none of the asymmetric cutoff scores were associated with earlier or increased rate of injury in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion: YBT-LQ scores alone do not predict LE injury in this collegiate athlete population. Sports medicine professionals should be cautioned against using the YBT-LQ alone to screen for injury risk in collegiate athletes.

A. Håkansson, G. Kenttä, C. Åkesdotter

Background: High-level sports have been described as a risk situation for mental health problems and substance misuse. This, however, has been sparsely studied for problem gambling, and it is unknown whether problem gaming, corresponding to the tentative diagnosis of internet gaming disorder, may be overrepresented in athletes. This study aimed to study the prevalence and correlates of problem gambling and problem gaming in national team-level athletes. Methods: A web-survey addressing national team-level athletes in university studies (survey participation 60%) was answered by 352 individuals (60% women, mean age 23.7), assessing mental health problems, including lifetime history of problem gambling (NODS-CLiP) and problem gaming (GASA). Results: Lifetime prevalence of problem gambling was 7% (14% in males, 1% in females, p < 0.001), with no difference between team sports and other sports. Lifetime prevalence of problem gaming was 2% (4% in males and 1% in females, p = 0.06). Problem gambling and problem gaming were significantly associated (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Moderately elevated rates of problem gambling were demonstrated, however with large gender differences, and interestingly, with comparable prevalence in team sports and in other sports. Problem gaming did not seem more common than in the general population, but an association between problem gambling and problem gaming was demonstrated. Keywords: Gambling disorder, Pathological gambling, Internet gaming disorder, Problem gambling, Problem gaming, Sports medicine

W. Haskell

A. Rankin, C. Bleakley, M. Cullen

A. M. Chicorelli, L. Micheli, Michael S. Kelly et al.