Benjamin Kövesi, Szabina Kulcsár, Zsolt Ancsin
et al.
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin commonly found in poultry feed, induces oxidative stress and disrupts redox homeostasis in vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, may mitigate OTA-induced toxicity by supporting the antioxidant defense systems. This study investigated the short-term effects of dietary selenomethionine (SeMet) supplementation on OTA-induced oxidative and transcriptional responses in broiler chickens. Fifty-four 3-week-old birds were fed diets containing 2 mg/kg OTA, a target supplementation of 0.5 mg/kg Se (measured as 0.59 mg/kg as SeMet), or a combination of the two for five days. Liver and kidney samples were collected on Days 1 and 5 for biochemical and gene expression analyses. Exposure to OTA significantly modulated the expression of redox-sensitive transcription factors (<i>NRF2</i>, <i>KEAP1</i>), selenoproteins (<i>GPX3</i>, <i>GPX4</i>, <i>SELK</i>), and detoxification-related genes (<i>AHR</i>, <i>AHRR</i>, <i>CYP1A2</i>). SeMet alone enhanced selenoenzyme expression and antioxidant capacity, while co-exposure partially attenuated OTA-induced oxidative stress, resulting in more pronounced <i>NRF2</i> activation in the kidneys and <i>CYP1A2</i> induction in the liver. This is the first study to characterize the transcriptomic responses to OTA exposure in poultry within the first five days, providing novel insight into organ-specific mechanisms and emphasizing the epidemiological relevance of Se supplementation in mitigating the risk of feed contamination.
This study explores the bond behavior between steel reinforcement and lightweight concrete (LWC), focusing on ribbed steel bars and seven-wire strands. Utilizing finite element (FE) analysis with ATENA 3D and ATENA-GiD software, along with analytical methods, the research examines the impact of bar diameter and concrete compressive strength on bond strength. Forty-two FE models were created to simulate pull-out tests, validated against experimental data and existing design codes. The investigation covers ribbed steel bars and seven-wire strands with diameters ranging from 8 to 17.8 mm, embedded in LWC with compressive strengths from 35 to 80 MPa. The study proposes a new empirical equation for predicting bond strength, highlighting that bond strength improves with higher concrete compressive strength but decreases with larger bar diameters. Notably, ribbed steel bars exhibit approximately double the bond strength compared to seven-wire strands in LWC. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design of reinforced concrete elements in LWC, balancing reinforcement diameter and concrete strength for enhanced structural integrity.
Nowadays, a lot of data is generated in production and also in the domain of assembly, from which different patterns can be extracted using machine learning methods with the support of data mining. With the support of various modern technical and Information Technology (IT) tools, the recording, storage and processing of large amounts of data is now a routine activity. Based on machine learning, efficiency metrics including Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), can be partially predicted, but industrial companies need more accurate and reliable methods. The analyzed algorithms can be used in general for all production units or machines where production data is recorded by Manufacturing Execution System (MES) or other Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are available. This paper presents and determinates which most used machine learning methods should be combined with each other in order to achieve a better prediction result.
The configuration under investigation consists of a car and a trailer connected by a coupling mechanism at a hinge point. Due to the dual-unit design, car–trailer combinations are prone to poor lateral stability at high speeds, often resulting in trailer sway, which is a significant factor in road accidents near the upper speed limit. This issue is exacerbated by the fact that drivers receive feedback primarily from the car, making it difficult to detect and respond to the trailer’s movements. To address this problem, vehicle manufacturers advocate for the use of active safety systems such as active trailer braking or steering. The comprehensive study of vehicle dynamics is essential for improving road safety, particularly in the context of car–trailer systems. This research aims to analyze the dynamic behavior of these systems using a specialized Kistler force and torque measurement instrument mounted on the vehicle’s wheels. By varying the position of the cargo mass forwards and backwards on the trailer, the effect of different load distributions on vehicle stability and handling will be evaluated. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the role of mass distribution in dynamic performance, contributing to the development of more effective safety measures and enhanced vehicle performance.
Márta Fekete, Judit Hegedűs, Katalin Molnár
et al.
Cél: Tanulmányunk célja bemutatni, hogy a rendészeti felsőoktatásban a kompetenciafejlesztésen alapuló képzés fejlődésének milyen főbb állomásai voltak. Humánspecifikus szempontokból érintjük a választott témát: kitérünk a magatartástudomány feladataira, jelentőségére, szerepére a rendészeti képzésben, és jó gyakorlatokkal rámutatunk a kompetenciafejlesztés lehetséges útjaira.
Módszertan: Dokumentumelemzés és tíz félig strukturált oktatói interjú, valamint óramegfigyelések segítségével megvizsgáltuk, hogy a kompetenciafejlesztéssel kapcsolatban milyen jó gyakorlatok léteznek a rendészeti felsőoktatásban.
Megállapítások: Vizsgálódásunk alapján egyértelműen megfogalmazható, hogy a kompetenciafejlesztés iránti törekvések a rendészeti felsőoktatásban már a 2000-es évek elejétől tetten érhetők. Az Európai Felsőoktatási Térséghez való kapcsolódást követően az ez iránti igény egyre inkább felerősödött, melynek eredményeként egyrészt a tantervekben is megjelennek a kompetenciafejlesztésre irányuló módszertani megközelítések, másrészt az interjúk során is egyértelművé vált, hogy az oktatók igyekeznek ugyan reagálni a megváltozott igényekre, ugyanakkor nehézségként fogalmazták meg a pedagógiai tudás hiányát, a megváltozott hallgatói populációra jellemző specifikumokhoz való igazodást. A jó gyakorlatok elemzése során arra a következtetésre jutottunk, hogy azokban az interaktivitás, a tapasztalati tanulás közös elemként jelenik meg.
Érték: Vizsgálódásunkkal arra kívánunk rámutatni, hogy a rendészeti felsőoktatással szembeni elvárásokra miként reagál a képzés, milyen eredményeket értünk el idáig, illetve melyek azok a kihívások, fejlesztendő területek, amelyekre még megoldandó feladatként kell tekintenünk.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
The reviewed publication, published in 2019 by the British publishing house Archaeopress, is a collection of texts based on papers and posters presented at the international conference under the same title held in Prague in April 2018. This meeting brought together archaeologists from many European countries – including Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Italy, and Hungary – who conduct research on the early-modern period and the pertaining material culture. Both this event and the book in question were a response to the needs of the academic community, due to the ongoing development of historical archaeology in Europe and an increase in research on artefacts and other evidence recovered during fieldwork related to this. The time-frame of the post-medieval period differs slightly across particular European countries, encompassing artefacts from between the 15th and 18th centuries.
Hajnalka L Pálinkás, Angéla Békési, Gergely Róna
et al.
Numerous anti-cancer drugs perturb thymidylate biosynthesis and lead to genomic uracil incorporation contributing to their antiproliferative effect. Still, it is not yet characterized if uracil incorporations have any positional preference. Here, we aimed to uncover genome-wide alterations in uracil pattern upon drug treatments in human cancer cell line models derived from HCT116. We developed a straightforward U-DNA sequencing method (U-DNA-Seq) that was combined with in situ super-resolution imaging. Using a novel robust analysis pipeline, we found broad regions with elevated probability of uracil occurrence both in treated and non-treated cells. Correlation with chromatin markers and other genomic features shows that non-treated cells possess uracil in the late replicating constitutive heterochromatic regions, while drug treatment induced a shift of incorporated uracil towards segments that are normally more active/functional. Data were corroborated by colocalization studies via dSTORM microscopy. This approach can be applied to study the dynamic spatio-temporal nature of genomic uracil.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a frequent complication of prematurity that is associated with high neonatal mortality and morbidity. IVH is accompanied by red blood cell (RBC) lysis, hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation, and sterile inflammation. Here we investigated whether extracellular Hb, metHb, ferrylHb, and heme contribute to the inflammatory response after IVH. We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (n = 20) from premature infants with grade III IVH at different time points after the onset of IVH. Levels of Hb, metHb, total heme, and free heme were the highest in CSF samples obtained between days 0 and 20 after the onset of IVH and were mostly non-detectable in CSF collected between days 41 and 60 of post-IVH. Besides Hb monomers, we detected cross-linked Hb dimers and tetramers in post-IVH CSF samples obtained in days 0–20 and 21–40, but only Hb tetramers were present in CSF samples obtained after 41–60 days. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were higher in CSF samples obtained between days 0 and 20 than in CSF collected between days 41 and 60 of post-IVH. Concentrations of VCAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and IL-8 strongly correlated with total heme levels in CSF. Applying the identified heme sources on human brain microvascular endothelial cells revealed that Hb oxidation products and free heme contribute to the inflammatory response. We concluded that RBC lysis, Hb oxidation, and heme release are important components of the inflammatory response in IVH. Pharmacological interventions targeting cell-free Hb, Hb oxidation products, and free heme could have potential to limit the neuroinflammatory response following IVH.
DALMA MIKLÓS, MÁTYÁS POLGÁR, BÁLINT GYÖRGY KUBIK
et al.
A végtelen vita
A diplomás, mint befektetés
Mit tudnak a gazdasági diplomával rendelkezők?
Az idegen nyelvek tanulásának haszontalansága
Steve Jobs vezetői kvalitásai
Miért tévednek a globális felmelegedés szkeptikusai?
SZERZŐINKHEZ
SZATHMÁRI SÁNDOR: KAZOHINIA (részlet)
ENGLISH ABSTRACTS
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
Ali Ghanim Al-Rubaye, Alexei Nabok, Gaelle Catanante
et al.
This work focuses on the development of the novel label-free optical apta-sensors for detection of mycotoxins. A highly sensitive analytical method of total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) combined with Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomenon in nano-structured gold films was exploited here for the first time for detection of aflatoxin B1 and M1 in direct assay with specific aptamers immobilized on the surface of gold. The achieved detection of low molecular weight molecules, such as aflatoxin B1 and M1, in a wide range of concentrations from 100 ng/mL down to 0.01 ng/mL is remarkable for the LSPR method. The study of binding kinetics of aflatoxin molecules to their respective aptamers using dynamic TIRE measurements yielded the values of affinity constants in the range of 10−8–10−7 mol, which is characteristic for highly specific aptamer/target interactions similar to that for monoclonal antibodies. The effect of aptamers’ DNA chain length on their binding characteristics was analyzed.
Abstract Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within‐lake variation in biomass using high‐frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high‐frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within‐lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high‐frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides.
A search is presented for new physics in events with two low-momentum, oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons) and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb−1. The observed event yields are consistent with the expectations from the standard model. The results are interpreted in terms of pair production of charginos and neutralinos (χ˜1± and χ˜20) with nearly degenerate masses, as expected in natural supersymmetry models with light higgsinos, as well as in terms of the pair production of top squarks (t˜ ), when the lightest neutralino and the top squark have similar masses. At 95% confidence level, wino-like χ˜1±/χ˜20 masses are excluded up to 230 GeV for a mass difference of 20 GeV relative to the lightest neutralino. In the higgsino-like model, masses are excluded up to 168 GeV for the same mass difference. For t˜ pair production, top squark masses up to 450 GeV are excluded for a mass difference of 40 GeV relative to the lightest neutralino. Keywords: CMS, SUSY, Compressed, Leptons, Missing energy
A szerző áttekintést nyújt a magyarországi kínai közösség bevándorlásának és integrációjának legújabb tendenciáiról, valamint a nemzeti kisebbségek elismerésének jogi keretrendszeréről, amely kizárja ezt a csoportot.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
We introduce a new notion called fractional stochastic nonlocal condition, and then we study approximate controllability of class of fractional stochastic nonlinear differential equations of Sobolev type in Hilbert spaces. We use Hölder's inequality, fixed point technique, fractional calculus, stochastic analysis and methods adopted directly from deterministic control problems for the main results. A new set of sufficient conditions is formulated and proved for the fractional stochastic control system to be approximately controllable. An example is given to illustrate the abstract results.