This study investigated the effects of sub-chronic ammonia exposure on the growth performance, nutrient composition, metabolic profile, and meat quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Compared to the control, sub-chronic ammonia stress reduced protein synthesis, lowered muscle crude protein content and myofiber diameter, resulting in growth inhibition. Ammonia stress also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress attributable to diminished antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, ammonia stress increased lactate and glucose levels, as well as glycolytic potential, while decreasing pH and water-holding capacity. Metabolomic analysis identified key metabolites and pathways underlying these changes, encompassing amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, choline metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Specifically, ammonia exposure reduced the sensory and nutritional attributes of grass carp muscle, as evidenced by decreased levels of flavor amino acids, total amino acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and umami nucleotides. Correlation analysis further revealed significant associations between differential metabolites and meat quality alterations. This study provides new insights into the impact of ammonia stress on fish growth and meat quality, and establishes a theoretical basis for maintaining fish muscle quality under environmental stress.
This study was designed to determine the effect of different dietary carotenoids on growth, antioxidant status, high-temperature tolerance, color parameters, and carotenoid composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Five diets were formulated to contain around 100 mg/kg dry diets of each carotenoid: astaxanthin (Axn), β-carotene (β-car), canthaxanthin (Cxn), lutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zxn), and a control treatment without any carotenoid supplementation was also included in the study. The results showed that: (1) Dietary carotenoid supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance, survival and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of juvenile E. sinensis among six treatments. (2) Indicators of antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, MDA), immunity (AKP, ACP) and physiological status (GPT, GOT) were significantly improved in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph of carotenoid supplemented treatments with the order of Axn > Cxn > β-car > Lut ≈ Zxn. (3) The thermal stress test indicated the control treatment had the highest mortality among all treatments, and the lowest mortality was found on Axn treatment during the stress test. (4) For colour enhancement, dietary carotenoid supplementation significantly increased the redness of carapace and hepatopancreas with the order of Axn > β-car ≈ Cxn > Lut ≈ Zxn. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the all five carotenoid types could enhance pigmentation and antioxidant capacity for juvenile E. sinensis, and the dietary Axn was more effective than the other carotenoids in terms of antioxidant properties, thermal tolerance and colour enhancement for this species.
ABSTRACT Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a promising strategy for economically and environmentally sustainable fish farming. Unfortunately, microorganisms in an RAS may produce off‐flavours that accumulate in fish flesh and reduce consumer attraction for aquaculture‐produced fish. Traditionally, geosmin (GSM) and 2‐methylisoborneol (MIB), the compounds causing musty and earthy flavour, have been the most studied off‐flavour compounds, but lately other compounds have also been considered important subjects of study. So far, only a little is known about the formation of different compounds at an RAS farm and their concentrations’ fluctuations during the seasons. This case study aimed at monitoring the changes in off‐flavour concentrations in different locations of a full‐scale (1 M kg a −1 ) RAS farm rearing rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Off‐flavours were measured in fish, in recirculating water and in the inlet water throughout a year. Some of the compounds were introduced to the RAS via inlet water, whereas others were formed at the farm, mostly ranging from 0 to 30 ng L −1 . The concentrations of GSM and MIB were below 20 ng L −1 and in most cases below 10 ng L −1 , whereas methional peaked up to 70 ng L −1 in the fall and winter. In fish, the concentrations mainly remained below 600 ng kg −1 but occasionally MIB peaked up to 1900 ng kg −1 . The results highlight the need for sufficient treatment of inlet water even in the winter to maintain suitable conditions to produce fish of high quality.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of increasing levels of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor (TM) meal as a replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) and different levels of dietary selenium supplementation on the growth performance, digestive and absorptive enzyme activity, immune response, skin color and muscle quality of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (initial body weight: 189.97 ± 1.01 g). Using a 3 × 2 factorial design, six isonitrogenous (about 47 % of crude protein) and isolipidic (about 10 % of crude lipid) diets were formulated with 3 replacement levels of FM by TM (15 %, 30 % and 45 %) and two supplemented levels of selenium (0.67 mg/kg and 3.78 mg/kg) in the form of sodium selenite. After an 80-day feeding trial, the results showed that 30 % of replacement of dietary FM by TM did not significantly influence the growth performance and feed utilization of large yellow croaker. The supplement level of 1.7 mg/kg Se significantly improved the weight gain and ventral and caudal skin yellow value (P < 0.05). This selenium level led to a decrease in serum triglyceride, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, while increased the activities of intestinal chymotrypsin, γ-glutamyltransferase, acid phosphatase and lysozyme (P < 0.05). The replacement of FM with TM at 15 % and 30 % levels significantly increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (P < 0.05). The 1.7 mg/kg dietary selenium reduced the expression of nuclear factor-κb and kelch-like ech-associated protein 1 in both intestine and liver. In conclusion, up to 30 % replacement of dietary FM by TM showed no significant adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of large yellow croaker. Supplementation of 1.7 mg/kg dietary selenium significantly enhanced the growth, feed utilization, anti-oxidative ability, and muscle quality of large yellow croaker. However, there were no interactions between dietary FM replacement level and Se supplement level regarding growth performance, immune response, and muscle quality of large yellow croaker. The Se could mitigate the negative growth effects of over-high dietary TM on large yellow croaker.
Valeria Segura, Daniela Del Valle, Vivian A. Lutz
et al.
This study presents the first estimates of primary production (PP) from the Marine Ecological Time Series, Estación Permanente de Estudios Ambientales (EPEA) in the Argentine Sea and examines its relationship with phytoplankton community composition and environmental factors using data obtained between 2006 and 2019. Our findings indicate that PP at EPEA exhibits seasonal pulses, with an estimated annual average of 202 ± 115 g C m-2 yr-1, classifying the system as mesotrophic. The peak of PP occurred in spring associated with increased irradiance and water column stratification, and the dominance of diatoms, dinoflagellates, and haptophytes. Winter was the least productive season, characterized by low light levels and a deep mixed layer, with a prevalence of cryptophytes and ultraphytoplankton. In summer, PP was lower than in spring, and the community was dominated by picoplanktonic Synechococcus spp., adapted to low nutrients and high light. In autumn, PP increased relative to summer, associated with higher microphytoplankton biomass. A key finding was the decoupling between PP and total carbon biomass, highlighted by the high variability of the BC to ChlaS (BC/ChlaS) ratio. This ratio is crucial for linking carbon-based biogeochemical models with satellite-based PP models. Deviations from the expected seasonal patterns could point to the sensitivity of coastal PP to large-scale climate influences, such as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our results evidence the physiological adaptability of phytoplankton in this dynamic coastal environment and highlight the necessity of high-frequency sampling to improve primary productivity models in this under-sampled region.
Alfredo Mori Padilla, Mateus Aranha Martins, Ramon Felipe Siqueira Carneiro
et al.
A 45-day experiment was conducted to optimize feeding rates in the nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp reared in biofloc systems (BFT). Four treatments were evaluated in quadruplicate, according to the Van Wyk table: maximum feeding rate; minimum feeding rate; minimum feeding rate minus 10%; and maximum feeding rate plus 10%. Post-larvae (0.08 ± 0.00 g) were cultured at the density of 2,000 shrimp·m-3, and water quality, solids production, and productive performance were all monitored. No significant difference was observed in final mean weight (1.47 ± 0.17 g), productivity (2.34 ± 0.20 kg·m-3) and survival (85.29 ± 5.44%) among treatments, but feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the minimum feeding rate and minimum feeding rate minus 10% treatments, indicating efficient feed conversion without compromising growth. These treatments also resulted in lower values of toxic nitrogen compounds and total suspended solids, suggesting a positive impact on water quality. Although these rates proved suitable, continuous adjustments are needed owing to variations in the BFT system. This study provides guidelines for optimizing feeding management in superintensive BFT nursery systems.
Mohammad Hossein Khanjani, Moslem Sharifinia, Mohammad Akhavan-Bahabadi
et al.
Biofloc technology (BFT) is a relatively new microbial-based cultivation system that can be adopted to accomplish more sustainable aquaculture and circularity goals. This review explores aspects of BFT integrating the utilization of probiotics and phytobiotics as dietary and water supplements. This scientific-based snapshot unpacks some physiological pathways and brings a literature review on how these supplements can boost water quality, as well as aquatic species’ growth, health, and survival. Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate dosage, are noted for their ability to bolster animal defenses and sustain water quality in farming conditions. Recent studies showcased that selected bacteria, yeast, and fungi, once added into biofloc-based systems can enhance animal performance, act as a tool for water quality management and protect fish and crustaceans against diseases. On the other hand, phytobiotics are additives sourced from plants that normally are added into compounded feeds and are known for their health and growth benefits in aquatic animals. These additives contain plant-based substances/extracts that play a key role to suppress inflammation, pathogens, and can also act as antioxidants. These selected ingredients can promote healthy gut microbiota, improve feed efficiency, and turn on genes responsible for immunity improving disease resistance of fish/shrimp. According to this review, the adoption of probiotics and phytobiotics in BFT can greatly increase farm outputs by producing healthier animals, as well as promoting growth and consistent yields. Lastly, this review showcases the importance of proper section of probiotics and phytobiotics in order to achieve a functioning BFT. Despite its numerous advantages, BFT faces several challenges, especially related to microbial management. Probiotics and phytobiotics are practical tools that can play a crucial role to obtain a more stable environment with a desirable microbial population in water and gut. Future directions in the field should focus on optimizing the utilization of these supplements for a more resilient and sustainable BFT aquaculture.
Seto Windarto, Hasbi Ash Shiddieqi, Slamet Budi Prayitno
et al.
Tilapia is one of the commodities favored by the community and is widely cultivated in Indonesia. At this time, the development of tilapia cultivation has entered the location of marine and brackish waters, known as saline tilapia. The increase in tilapia cultivation has increased feed production, so the price of raw materials, especially fish oil, has increased. The source of crude fat that is usually used in feed formulations is fish oil, but the availability of fish oil is limited, so the price is increasing. One of the alternatives that can replace fish oil is maggot oil. Maggot contains 42-48% lipids. The purpose of this study is to find the effect of giving maggot oil on the growth and survival of saline tilapia. The method used was experimental, with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were treatment A (control), B (1.5 ml of maggot oil), C (2 ml of maggot oil), D (2.5 ml of maggot oil)) on 100 grams of feed. The saline tilapia used was 1.4-1.9 grams/head. The fish were reared for 30 days in 15-liter volume containers, ten fish density, and were fed three times a day. The results showed that fish oil substitution using maggot oil (H. illucens) significantly affected FUE, SGR, absolute weight, FCR, and SR of saline tilapia. The best dose of maggot oil was found in treatment B with a dose of 1.5 ml/100 grams of feed capable of producing FUE (88.78±3.80%), SGR (7.98±0.23%/day), absolute weight (41 .17± 4.57gram), FCR (1.13±0.05), and SR (100±0.00%).
Keywords:
BSF
Brackish water
SGR
Production
Weight
1. Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco. 2. Aqua M'Diq Company, Port of M'Diq. M'Diq, Morocco. 3. Faculty of Science and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco. 4. Specialized Center in Zootechnics and Marine Aquaculture Engineering. National Institute of Fisheries Research. M'Diq, Morocco. 5. Hassan 2 Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Agadir Campus, Morocco. 6. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco. 7. Centre Specialized in Aquatic Animal Pathology. National Institute of Fisheries Research. Tangier, Morocco. Corresponding Author: hchairi@uae.ac.ma
1. Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Health and Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Wijaya Kusuma 113, 68423 Banyuwangi, Indonesia 2. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey 3. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia * Corresponding Author: hanifazhar@fpk.unair.ac.id
The prospect of clown fish cultivation business is still being expanded to make profitable business activities and increasingly attract ornamental fish lovers. However, it is difficult to get clown fish with a good level of color brightness. So it can reduce the level of sales production. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of tomato powder to increase the brightness of the color clown fish at the Ambon Marine Aquaculture Fisheries Center. The research was conducted from March to June 2020 at the Ambon Marine Aquaculture Fisheries Center. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment is to mix tomato powder in the feed with a concentration of 0 mg/gr (Treatment A), concentration 20 mg/gr (Treatment B), concentration 40 mg/gr (Treatment C), and concentration 60 mg/gr (Treatment D). The fish used is a clown fish with a size of 1 cm with a spread of 4 fish with a circulatory maintenance system. The observed parameters include the brightness of the clown fish color, which is measured using the color grab camera app, the growth of which is the average length and weight of average seeds measured using a ruler with a precision rate of 1 cm and a digital scale with a precision rate of 0.01gr and survival rate. The results showed that feeding with the addition of powdered tomato did not give a significant effect to increase the brightness of the color of the clown fish. However, it affects the growth (length and weight) and survival rate of clownfish seeds.
Ashraf Y. El-Dakar 1 , Shymaa M. Shalaby 1,2 , Heba T. Abdelshafy 1 and Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz 3 * 1. Aquaculture and Biotechnology Dept., Faculty of aquaculture and marine fisheries, Arish University, Egypt 2. Aquaculture dep., Faculty of fish resources, Suez University, Egypt 3. Fish rearing lab., Aquaculture division, National institute of oceanography and fisheries (NIOF), Egypt Corresponding Author: M_fathy8789@yahoo.com
Aquaculture has become a worldwide economically important industry which requires continuing research with scientific and technical developments and innovations (Bektaş et al., 2017).To cover the increasing need of food in the World, an intensive production in fisheries has been a must which ended with the occurrence of diseases (FAO, 2016). The fact that aquaculture sector is the fastest growing food-production industry in the world is plagued by diseases. The annual economic loss in the aquaculture industry due to diseases is estimated to be billions of US dollars worldwide (Klesius and Pridgeon, 2011).
1.Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh 2.Suchana project,World Fish, Bangladesh Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3.Pathfinder Agro and Fisheries Consultation Center, Bangladesh 4.The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 5. Ministry of Education, Bangladesh Secretariat, Bangladesh 6.Ecofish-II project,World Fish, Bangladesh Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh 7. Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh 7.Center for Natural Resource Studies (CNRS), Bangladseh 8.Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University,Sylhet, Bangladesh * Corresponding Author: shmasulhp@gmail.com, atiksunny@yahoo.com
Mohd Ihwan Zakariah, Mohd Tamimi Ali Ahmad, Mohd Shafiq Razak
et al.
Highlight
• Identification of Morphological characteristic of the Bolbosoma sp.
• Genetic confirmation of the specific species of Bolbosoma turbinella.
• The first report in Straits of Malacca.
• Health status of Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis).
Abstract
The study of ectoparasite and endoparasites of marine mammals are not habitually done because some species are endangered and protected by law. A stranded Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis (Anderson, 1878) from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia was examined for endoparasites. The objective of this study is to identify the species of acanthocephalan in the intestine of the Sei Whale found in the straits of Malacca. A total of ten parasite specimens were collected from the fresh intestine, and were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for further histological procedures. The morphological features of this parasite viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) are referred to as the proboscis armature and variations in the spination of the area between the anterior and posterior cephalic bulb. Genomic DNA extracted by using QIAGEN DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit DNA and sequenced with First Base Sequencer showed that this species belonged to Bolbosoma turbinella. This was the first record of a sei whale carrying the endoparasites Bolbosoma turbinella, in Malaysian waters.