Probiotics and Phytobiotics as Dietary and Water Supplements in Biofloc Aquaculture Systems

Biofloc technology (BFT) is a relatively new microbial-based cultivation system that can be adopted to accomplish more sustainable aquaculture and circularity goals. This review explores aspects of BFT integrating the utilization of probiotics and phytobiotics as dietary and water supplements. This scientific-based snapshot unpacks some physiological pathways and brings a literature review on how these supplements can boost water quality, as well as aquatic species’ growth, health, and survival. Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate dosage, are noted for their ability to bolster animal defenses and sustain water quality in farming conditions. Recent studies showcased that selected bacteria, yeast, and fungi, once added into biofloc-based systems can enhance animal performance, act as a tool for water quality management and protect fish and crustaceans against diseases. On the other hand, phytobiotics are additives sourced from plants that normally are added into compounded feeds and are known for their health and growth benefits in aquatic animals. These additives contain plant-based substances/extracts that play a key role to suppress inflammation, pathogens, and can also act as antioxidants. These selected ingredients can promote healthy gut microbiota, improve feed efficiency, and turn on genes responsible for immunity improving disease resistance of fish/shrimp. According to this review, the adoption of probiotics and phytobiotics in BFT can greatly increase farm outputs by producing healthier animals, as well as promoting growth and consistent yields. Lastly, this review showcases the importance of proper section of probiotics and phytobiotics in order to achieve a functioning BFT. Despite its numerous advantages, BFT faces several challenges, especially related to microbial management. Probiotics and phytobiotics are practical tools that can play a crucial role to obtain a more stable environment with a desirable microbial population in water and gut. Future directions in the field should focus on optimizing the utilization of these supplements for a more resilient and sustainable BFT aquaculture.