Hasil untuk "Indo-Iranian languages and literature"

Ammar Ahmed, Ali Shariq Imran

This systematic literature review examines the role of large language models (LLMs) in UI/UX design, synthesizing findings from 38 peer-reviewed studies published between 2022 and 2025. We identify key LLMs in use, including GPT-4, Gemini, and PaLM, and map their integration across the design lifecycle, from ideation to evaluation. Common practices include prompt engineering, human-in-the-loop workflows, and multimodal input. While LLMs are reshaping design processes, challenges such as hallucination, prompt instability, and limited explainability persist. Our findings highlight LLMs as emerging collaborators in design, and we propose directions for the ethical, inclusive, and effective integration of these technologies.

Wojciech Czerwiński, Łukasz Orlikowski

The aim of this paper is to deliver broad understanding of a class of languages of boundedly-ambiguous VASS, that is k-ambiguous VASS for some natural k. These are languages of Vector Addition Systems with States with the acceptance condition defined by the set of accepting states such that each accepted word has at most k accepting runs. We develop tools for proving that a given language is not accepted by any k-ambiguous VASS. Using them we show a few negative results: lack of some closure properties of languages of k-ambiguous VASS and undecidability of the k-ambiguity problem, namely the question whether a given VASS language is a language of some k-ambiguous VASS. Finally, we show that the regularity problem is decidable for k-ambiguous VASS.

Mattia Capotosto, Alessia Manca

No abstract is avaliable for this article.

Dirk Nowotka, Max Wiedenhöft

Patterns are words with terminals and variables. The language of a pattern is the set of words obtained by uniformly substituting all variables with words that contain only terminals. Regular constraints restrict valid substitutions of variables by associating with each variable a regular language representable by, e.g., finite automata. Pattern languages with regular constraints contain only words in which each variable is substituted according to a set of regular constraints. We consider the membership, inclusion, and equivalence problems for erasing and non-erasing pattern languages with regular constraints. Our main result shows that the erasing equivalence problem, one of the most prominent open problems in the realm of patterns, becomes undecidable if regular constraints are allowed in addition to variable equality.

محمود شاهرودی, مریم خلیلی جهانتیغ, احمد شیرخانی

در این مقاله هشت ویژگی ادبیات مهاجرت ازمنظر سورن فرانک، در دو رمان بادبادک باز خالد حسینی،نویسندۀ افغانستانی و تماماً مخصوص عباس معروفی، نویسندۀ ایرانی با روش نقد تحلیلی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است و به این پرسش های اساسی پاسخ داده شده که 1-ویژگی‌های سطح اجتماعی (مضمونی) فرانک در رمان‌های پیش گفته به چه صورتی منعکس شده است؟ 2-نویسندگان رمان‌های مورد بررسی، از نظر کاربرد شیوه‌های مهاجرتی درون‌متنی و تصویر آن‌ها در متن رمان( سبک و فرم) چه رویکردی دارند؟ نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که بیان اثر به صورت شرح حال نویسنده و شخصیت‌های رمان، در هر دو رمان رعایت شده ولی در تماما مخصوص خواننده از لابلای قصه ها به اتوبیوگرافی معروفی می رسد. در مقولۀ ملت و ملی گرایی خالد حسینی پدیدة مهاجرت را مثبت می بیند ومفهوم ملیت برای او معنای تازه ای پیدا کرده اما برای عباس معروفی، مهاجرت غربتی دردناک است که نمی‌تواند خود را با آن وفق دهد. در موضوع رمان به عنوان ژانر اروپایی، رمان بادبادک‌بازکه مخاطبان خویش را نه منطقه‌ای بلکه جهانی می‌داند، یک رمان غربی شناخته می شود اما در رمان تماما مخصوص نگاه نویسنده و رویکرد او به مخاطبان فارسی زبان، موجب شده است تا رمان او غیر اروپایی و ایرانی ارزیابی شود. هیچ یک از دو نویسنده به صراحت به جهانی شدن اشاره نکرده اند و در سطح فرم و سبک آثار آنان منعکس کنندة جهان مهاجرتی درون‌متنی است که در درجۀ اول به ایجاد این جهان از طریق یک حالت ساختاری-فرمی کمک می‌کند.

Leila Mirmojarabian, Shahla Mehdikhani

Literary works are products of the imaginative minds of writers from various nationalities. As a result, these works share connections, providing a suitable foundation for examination, analysis, adaptation, and comparison. Through these processes, we can identify the similarities and differences in the cultural elements of different societies.The comparative study of stories influenced by structuralist theorists like Strauss and Propp reveals that narratives consist of 3 main parts: "Initial Scene," "Crisis," and "Conclusion." These components exhibit numerous similarities across various works. Additionally, these stories often feature heroic characters, who undergo significant transformations.This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of two stories, namely Siavash and Hippolyte, using Vladimir Propp's morphological method. The research approach was descriptive and analytical, relying on library resources. The findings demonstrated that Siavash and Hippolyte shared many similarities in terms of character’s self-care functions within the narrative. This similarity indicated commonalities in the cultural components and popular culture of the Aryan and Greek societies. Keywords: Comparative Literature, Propp Morphology, Sudabah and Siavash, Feder and Hippolyte. IntroductionThe art of storytelling born from the imagination and emotions of authors has given rise to remarkable literary works that captivate audiences worldwide. While these stories may not depict real events or characters, they hold a significant place in global literature. Among the various genres of fiction, romantic stories have a particular allure for readers, evoking a range of emotions and resonating with people from diverse cultures. Consequently, stories from around the world serve as compelling examples for identifying shared cultural elements and gaining insights into the literature and traditions of different nations, even those geographically distant from one another.In the comparative analysis of stories, one proposed method is the structuralist approach. Vladimir Propp, a Russian structuralist researcher, emphasized that examining the structure of stories is the primary and most crucial step in comparative criticism. By employing this method, we can uncover similarities and differences between narratives, shedding light on the cultural components that shape them.The Tragedy of Phaedra and Hippolytus written by Racine, a renowned French playwright of the 17th century, is a myth that shares similarities with the tales found in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. These narratives offer rich material for comparison and analysis within the realms of popular culture and literature. The story revolves around the forbidden love of Phaedra, the wife of Theseus, King of Athens, for her stepson, Hippolytus. Not only is it a poignant tale from ancient Greece, it also bears striking resemblances to the story of Siavash and Sudabah, making it particularly significant.Both stories depict tragic and unfulfilled love characterized by hopelessness and sin. The recklessness of the older kings leads to the demise of the two young princes. Furthermore, both narratives explore the play of fate and the darkness that shadows human destiny. Upon initial examination, it becomes evident that there are connections between these stories, warranting a comparative analysis within the field of literature. It is intriguing to consider whether these similarities emerged due to direct influence or if they were merely products of independent creative thought.This article aimed to compare the main characters of two stories: the Iranian tale of Sudabeh and Siavash and the Greek tale of Phaedra and Hippolytus. It explored the similarities and differences between these characters, shedding light on their respective narratives. Additionally, the article delved into the key factors that contributed to the emergence of tragedy in both Iranian and Greek literature, seeking to address two fundamental questions. Firstly, why didn’t Racine portray Phaedra as a wicked woman in the story of Hippolytus? And secondly, why did Ferdowsi present Sudabeh as a cunning and wicked woman in the Iranian tale of Sudabeh and Siavash? By examining these questions, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the motivations and choices made by the respective authors. Materials & MethodsIn conducting this comparative study, various methods were available with one of the most recent being scientific morphology or the structuralist method. This approach was initially proposed by the Russian anthropologist, Vladimir Propp, who applied it to the study of stories within the field of literary analysis (Anousheh, 1387: 735). Essentially, morphology involves the analysis and deconstruction of literary works, ultimately breaking them down into their constituent parts (Sarami, 2013). Vladimir Propp, a prominent Russian structuralist researcher, emphasized that the structural criticism of stories serves as the primary and most crucial step in critiquing works within the realm of comparative literature.Propp asserted that without breaking down a story into its constituent parts, conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis becomes challenging. Without such an analysis, understanding the relationships between different nations, such as India and Egypt, or making connections between ancient Greek and Indian stories becomes difficult (Propp, 2018: 44). Furthermore, if we cannot compare and explore different stories, how can we draw comparisons between stories and religious or mythological narratives?Propp outlined 4 fundamental rules when discussing the function of characters in a story:Characters’ actions in a story are consistent and stable elements.Fairy tales have a limited number of mentioned deeds.The sequence of actions in fairy tales remains constant.All fairy tales share a common structure (Asghari and Ghasemi Asl, 2011: 35).In this research, we employed Propp's morphological method to analyze the characters in the stories of Sudabah and Siavash, as well as Phaedra and Hippolytus.Research FindingsBased on Propp's morphological analysis, the characters in Siavash's story could be categorized as follows:Sacrificial hero: SiavashVillains (anti-heroes): Sudabah, Gresives, AfrasiabHeroic messenger: KavosHelpers of the hero: Rostam, Afrasiab, Piran ViseOmniscient narratorNarrative structureInitial balance:Siavash is born to a beautiful woman and entrusted to Rostam for education.After returning to his homeland and passing his father's test, Siavash becomes a ruler due to his abilities.Upsetting the balance:The stepmother develops feelings for Siavash and takes drastic measures to win him over.Siavash rejects the stepmother's advances, leading to resentment and scheming. He is falsely accused.Siavash willingly accepts the punishment of passing through fire.Relative balance:Siavash bravely passes through the fire.The wicked stepmother is exposed and sentenced to punishment.Siavash's noble character leads to Sudabah's forgiveness.Upsetting the balance:Afrasiab emerges as a new villain, declaring war.Siavash voluntarily engages in battle and achieves victories.Afrasiab's troubled sleep compels him to seek peace.Balance:In Turan, Siavash marries Jarireh, Piran Vise's daughter, and Farangis, Afrasiab's daughter, to establish harmony.Siavash lives a content and joyful life there.Upsetting the balance:Gresives becomes envious upon witnessing Siavash's glory.Gresives spreads malicious rumors and plots against Siavash.The false accusations lead to an order to kill Siavash, resulting in his cowardly demise.Characters in the story of Hippolytus based on Propp's morphological analysisHero: TheseusVillain (anti-hero): MedeaHelpers of the hero: Hatef Mabad, ArianeMain hero: HippolytusVillain (anti-hero): Phaedra, Phaedra's nurseDestroyer: Poseidon, god of the sea and monstersOppressor: TheseusVictim: HippolytusThe seducer: PhaedraSacrifice helper: Artemis, goddess of huntingOmniscient narratorNarrative structure:Initial balance:Theseus, the son of Aegeus, the king of Athens, is born to his wife Aethra.Upsetting the balance:Theseus, not yet 16 years old, uncovers the stones, under which his father has hidden his shoes and sword.Theseus goes to Athens and defeats the bandits along the way.Medea, the sorceress, fears Theseus and plots to kill him.Theseus consults with Hatef at the temple before leaving for war.Victory in war can only be achieved if guided by love.Relative balance:Ariane, the daughter of Minos, falls in love with Theseus and helps him win.When Theseus returns, his father is dead and he ascends the throne, becoming the king.Upsetting the balance:Theseus goes to subdue the Amazons and captures their queen.Theseus marries the queen of the Amazons.Theseus has a son named Hippolytus with the Amazon queen.Upsetting the balance:Phaedra, Hippolytus' stepmother, falls in love with him and is unsatisfied.Theseus, who is not dead, returns and with the help of Phaedra's nurse, defames Hippolytus before the king, leading to Hippolytus' banishment.On the way to exile, Hippolytus fights a sea monster commanded by Poseidon, who attacks him. Hippolytus emerges victorious but is injured when his horses drag him to the ground.The king is saddened by the news.Tormented by her conscience, Phaedra confesses the truth to the king and then commits suicide.Please note that the revised text was based on the assumption that the original text was referring to the Greek myth of Hippolytus and not a specific adaptation or variation. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe story of Siavash in Shahnameh was a poignant and captivating tale that explored the life of a free-spirited individual who, despite his awareness of the dark forces of fate, willingly submitted to societal and moral obligations. Siavash's tragic story resonated deeply with readers due to its profound exploration of human psychology and complex motivations of its characters (Vashkhani Farahani and Hassanvand, 1393: 1782).Siavash as a victim of his own destiny did not actively seek to change or defy it, accepting his ultimate demise as an inevitable consequence. His journey was marked by a sense of resignation as he perceived all aspects of existence as leading him towards his tragic end. The story's profound impact on the human psyche could be attributed to its origin in the depths of the human mind, allowing for a clear understanding and interpretation of the characters and their actions through psychological theories.The characters of Feder and Hippolytus in the story of Siavash also bore resemblances to the characters of Sudabah and Siavash. Both stories shared similarities in their overall structures. The main protagonists, Siavash in the story of Sudabah and Hippolytus in the story of Feder and Hippolytus, were sons of kings, who had multiple wives. Interestingly, the stepmothers in both stories hailed from foreign lands and developed forbidden affections for their stepchildren. They expressed their love and sought their success, but ultimately failed. In both narratives, Soudabeh and Feder, as stepmothers, falsely accused their stepsons after their failures. Siavash and Hippolytus were forced to leave the palace in the face of an unjust punishment. Siavash sought refuge in Turan where he met his demise, while Hippolytus was wounded and killed in a confrontation with a sea giant. Both stepmothers suffered tragic fates as a result of their forbidden love. Sudabah was slain by Rostam due to Siavash's blood feud and Feder ultimately took her own life.Furthermore, both stories exhibited similar mythological motifs, such as the abandoned child, the figure of the unborn, the Oedipus complex, the taboo of incestuous marriage, and the involvement of gods and divine heroes. These mythological elements added depth and richness to the narratives, further captivating the readers.In conclusion, the story of Siavash in Shahnameh was a profoundly moving tale that delved into the complexities of human nature and the interplay between fate, societal expectations, and personal agency. Its exploration of psychological themes and its connections to other stories, such as the tale of Sudabah and Siavash, contributed to its enduring impact on readers and its status as a timeless masterpiece.

Elmira Shakeri, Karim Esgandari, Shadi Orafaye Jamshidi

Critique of academic books causes due care to be taken in their proper organization. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to critique the book of The Basics of Neuroleadership: Organizational Leadership by Neuroscience, by Kiumars Ahmadi and published in 2018 by the Termed Press. The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the framework of general introduction, form and content study of the work. According to the findings, the strengths of the book include the innovation in the subject and its interdisciplinary and typography, quality of printing, the content congruence with the principles and Foundations of religion and Islam. Shortcomings of this book includes that the text is not that much fluent and eloquent. There are some necessary headlines completely missed in the text. Overall, in spite of its Excellency, the book is needed to be revised and edited in order to be applied as an educational textbook.

Mustafa Dehqan

Tasavvufi uygulamalarla ilişkilendirilen en gösterişli ve sofistike müzik türlerinden biri, Sultan Sehak tarafından kurulan ve İran ile Irak Kürdistanı'nda bir dini Kürt topluluğu olan Ehl-i Hak camiasına aittir . Onların Cem (dini ayin) adı verilen törenlerinde müzik ve Kelam adı verilen dini şiirler tüm ayrıntıların son derece resmiyet kazandığı bölünmez bir birlik oluşturur. Orkestra bölümü çok sayıda Temîre veya Temûr'dan (Ar. Tunbür) oluşur ve onlardan ayrı olarak oturan vokal grubu, Kelamxwens (dini şiirleri söyleyenler) ise, profesyonel şarkıcılardan ibarettir.Ehl-i Hak'ın müzik anlayışını ve farklı yönlerini ele almayı amaçlayan çalışmalar mevcuttur . Ancak bunu belirtirken bile, bu dini müziğin metinsel arka planına ışık tutmak için önceki faktörlere değinmek zorunludur. Başka bir deyişle, mevcut makale, Ehl-i Hak mezhebinde musiki seviyesinin başka bir izahını verme iddiasında değildir. Artık Kürt müziğine dair tarihsel bilgimizi genişletmek için bilimsel metinlerin eleştirel baskılarının yayınlanmasına ihtiyaç var. Bu nedenle, bu yazıda Ehl-i Haklar ve onların dini müziklerinin çok kısaca anlatıldığı yeni bulunmuş bir Kürtçe folyo sunulmaktadır. Ehl-i Hak müziği hakkında daha fazla bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen okuyucular, bu makalede belirtilen literatüre başvurabilirler.

Antoine Amarilli, Mikaël Monet

We study the task, for a given language $L$, of enumerating the (generally infinite) sequence of its words, without repetitions, while bounding the delay between two consecutive words. To allow for delay bounds that do not depend on the current word length, we assume a model where we produce each word by editing the preceding word with a small edit script, rather than writing out the word from scratch. In particular, this witnesses that the language is orderable, i.e., we can write its words as an infinite sequence such that the Levenshtein edit distance between any two consecutive words is bounded by a value that depends only on the language. For instance, $(a+b)^*$ is orderable (with a variant of the Gray code), but $a^* + b^*$ is not. We characterize which regular languages are enumerable in this sense, and show that this can be decided in PTIME in an input deterministic finite automaton (DFA) for the language. In fact, we show that, given a DFA $A$, we can compute in PTIME automata $A_1, \ldots, A_t$ such that $L(A)$ is partitioned as $L(A_1) \sqcup \ldots \sqcup L(A_t)$ and every $L(A_i)$ is orderable in this sense. Further, we show that the value of $t$ obtained is optimal, i.e., we cannot partition $L(A)$ into less than $t$ orderable languages. In the case where $L(A)$ is orderable (i.e., $t=1$), we show that the ordering can be produced by a bounded-delay algorithm: specifically, the algorithm runs in a suitable pointer machine model, and produces a sequence of bounded-length edit scripts to visit the words of $L(A)$ without repetitions, with bounded delay -- exponential in $|A|$ -- between each script. In fact, we show that we can achieve this while only allowing the edit operations push and pop at the beginning and end of the word, which implies that the word can in fact be maintained in a double-ended queue.

Maryam Kahvand

With the development of visual communication in the present age, the analysis and reading of visual texts in order to decipher the meanings and express their meanings is of particular importance. Critical discourse analysis, as one of the approaches that considers both the context of the text and the social context of the text, has made it possible to study discourses in works of art. The purpose of this paper is to introduce visual discourse or visuality as a way to analyze images, and its theoretical framework is dedicated to reviewing the critical visual methodology, which is an integrated model of Rose and Fairclough methodology. In the process of analysis, the Mellat Bank's advertising campaign has been visually criticized in order to elucidate its visual discourse based on the textual components of the images and the fields of its representation. The structure of technology, the configuration of images, and the social effects of visual components are discussed in the sites of the text, discourse action, and social action. The findings of the research indicate that the discourse function of this campaign is to highlight the value of money as national and cultural capital and to promote empathy and patriotism in the audience, during which the Mellat Bank changes its identity from a financial institution to a cultural institution.

Dominik Schlechtweg, Nina Tahmasebi, Simon Hengchen et al.

Word meaning is notoriously difficult to capture, both synchronically and diachronically. In this paper, we describe the creation of the largest resource of graded contextualized, diachronic word meaning annotation in four different languages, based on 100,000 human semantic proximity judgments. We thoroughly describe the multi-round incremental annotation process, the choice for a clustering algorithm to group usages into senses, and possible - diachronic and synchronic - uses for this dataset.

Nils van den Honert, Diederick Vermetten, Anna V. Kononova

The ever-increasing need for random numbers is clear in many areas of computer science, from neural networks to optimization. As such, most common programming language provide easy access to Pseudorandom Number Generators. However, these generators are not all made equal, and empirical verification has previously shown some to be flawed in key ways. Because of the constant changes in programming languages, we perform the same empirical benchmarking using large batteries of statistcal tests on a wide array of PRNGs, and identify that while some languages have improved significantly over the years, there are still cases where the default PRNG fails to deliver sufficiently random results.

Vineeth Venugopal, Sourav Sahoo, Mohd Zaki et al.

Most of the knowledge in materials science literature is in the form of unstructured data such as text and images. Here, we present a framework employing natural language processing, which automates text and image comprehension and precision knowledge extraction from inorganic glasses' literature. The abstracts are automatically categorized using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), providing a way to classify and search semantically linked publications. Similarly, a comprehensive summary of images and plots are presented using the 'Caption Cluster Plot' (CCP), which provides direct access to the images buried in the papers. Finally, we combine the LDA and CCP with the chemical elements occurring in the manuscript to present an 'Elemental map', a topical and image-wise distribution of chemical elements in the literature. Overall, the framework presented here can be a generic and powerful tool to extract and disseminate material-specific information on composition-structure-processing-property dataspaces, allowing insights into fundamental problems relevant to the materials science community and accelerated materials discovery.

فاطمه عسگری

یکی از چالش های کلاس های زبان تفاوت توانایی های زبانی و مهارت های ذهنی و فردی و همچنین انگیزه های زبان آموزان است. این مسئله دیربازی است که باعث ایجاد ناهمانگی در سطح یادگیری افراد شده است. محققین زیادی به بررسی این موضوع مهم پرداخته اند و از طریق فرضیه گاردنر مبنی بر هوشمندی های چندگانه راه حل هایی عملی ارائه داده اند. در این مطالعه، چنین شرایطی در یک کلاس آموزش زبان ایتالیایی سال اول و دوم مقطع کارشناسی، لحاظ شده است. چند راه حل پیشنهاد شده است جهت بهتر ساختن سطح کلاس از طریق بررسی توانایی های فردی زبان آموزان. در نتیجه ازراهبرد ترتیب دادن نوع مناسبی از تکلیف کلاسی به عنوان یک داده ورودی و حربه ایی استفاده می شود که هم بتواند همگان را به یک اندازه راغب به شرکت در فعالیت های کلاسی کند و هم به عنوان یک داده خروجی، مدرس را در کنترل و بررسی وضعیت پیشرفت زبان آموزان یاری رساند.

رخساره قربانی, محمد داوودی, محمد عادل et al.

. هر چند تدریس تامل گرایانه از شاخصه های حرفه ای بشمار می رود پژوهش چندانی در خصوص طراحی ابزاری جهت سنجش میزان تدریس تامل گرایانه مدرسان زبان انجام نشده است. از این رو پژوهش حاضر به منظور طراحی و اعتبار سنجی پرسشنامه تعیین سطح تدریس تامل گرایانه مدرسان زبان بر اساس مدل وارد و مک کوتر (۲۰۰۴) انجام گرفت. نسخه نهایی ابزار طراحی شده با جامعه آماری 250 مدرس زبان ایرانی بررسی شد و سپس به منظور احراز روایى پرسشنامه تحلیل عاملى اکتشافى، تحلیل عاملى تأییدى و براى احراز پایایى از روش ضریب آلفاى کرانباخ استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل اکتشافى وتاییدی مدل چهار عاملی متشکل از عامل های: عادی، فنی، محاوره ای و تبدیلی را تایید کرد. میزان آلفای 81/ . بدست آمد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که پرسشنامه ، از روایى و پایایى لازم براى شناسایى سطح تدریس تامل گرایانه مدرسان برخوردار است. کاربردهای این ابزار در محیط یادگیری زبان مطرح شد.

محمدعلی نوری خوش رودباری, سمانه جعفری

سراج‌الدین قمری آملی شاعر قصیده‌سرای نیمة دوم قرن ششم و اوایل هفتم هجری قمری است. دیوان شعر او را یدالله شکری تصحیح کرده است. مصحّح دیوان بر آن است که قمری چون ناصرخسرو و سنایی، دو دورة زندگی داشته است؛ در آغاز کار شاعری تا میان‌سالی، بی‌بندوبار و می‌گسار و بدزبان بوده است؛ اما پس از آن توبه کرده و به زهد و پارسایی روی آورده است؛ اما بنابر اشعار دیوان وی این ادعا درست نیست. این مقاله در پی آن است که به روش کتابخانه‌ای و با استناد به ابیات قمری روشن کند داوری یدالله شکری نادرست است و قمری تا پایان زندگی خود، شاعری مداح بوده است. او حتی در کهن‌سالی نیز با پادشاهان، وزیران و بزرگان در ارتباط بود و در شعر خود به ستایش آنها می‌پرداخت و صله‌هایی چون می، پوستین، برنج، گاو و ... درخواست می‌کرد.

Armin Moin, Stephan Rössler, Stephan Günnemann

In this paper, we present the current position of the research project ML-Quadrat, which aims to extend the methodology, modeling language and tool support of ThingML - an open source modeling tool for IoT/CPS - to address Machine Learning needs for the IoT applications. Currently, ThingML offers a modeling language and tool support for modeling the components of the system, their communication interfaces as well as their behaviors. The latter is done through state machines. However, we argue that in many cases IoT/CPS services involve system components and physical processes, whose behaviors are not well understood in order to be modeled using state machines. Hence, quite often a data-driven approach that enables inference based on the observed data, e.g., using Machine Learning is preferred. To this aim, ML-Quadrat integrates the necessary Machine Learning concepts into ThingML both on the modeling level (syntax and semantics of the modeling language) and on the code generators level. We plan to support two target platforms for code generation regarding Stream Processing and Complex Event Processing, namely Apache SAMOA and Apama.

ولی اله یوسفی, مجید نعمتی, پرویز بیرجندی et al.

هدف تحقیق حاضر مقایسه‌ و بررسی میزان تاثیر روشهای آموزش نگارش راهبرد-محور و فرایند-محور بر راهبردهای نگارش خودتنظیم راهبردی در مهارت نگارش است. بدین منظور، 60 نفر فراگیر زبان انگلیسی در دو گروه 30 نفری با استفاده از آزمون بسندگی تافل انتخاب شدند. قبل از آموزش، تمامی فراگیران یک مقاله (پیش‌آزمون) در مورد نموداری نوشتند. سپس یک مربی راهبردهای نگارش خودتنظیم راهبردی را با روش نگارش راهبرد-محور به گروه آزمایش و فرایند-محور به گروه معیار طی شانزده جلسه آموزش داد. سرانجام، فراگیران همراه با یک پرسشنامه یک مقاله و پس ازدو هفته مقاله‌ی دیگری مانند پیش‌آزمون نوشتند. دو مربی با استفاده از معیار نمره‌ی آیلتس مقالات را ارزشیابی کردند. با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس مرکب (SPANOVA) مشخص شد که روش راهبرد-محور در استفاده از راهبردهای نگارش خودتنظیم راهبردی در نگارش مقاله موثرتر و از میان سه متغیر سن، جنسیت و سطح دانش، سن در ایجاد این اثر نقش مهم‌تری داشته است. بنابراین، آموزش راهبردهای نگارش با استفاده از روش راهبرد-محور باید بخشی از آموزش نگارش باشد.

Gerald Baumgartner, Konstantin Läufer, Vincent F. Russo

Design patterns are distilled from many real systems to catalog common programming practice. However, some object-oriented design patterns are distorted or overly complicated because of the lack of supporting programming language constructs or mechanisms. For this paper, we have analyzed several published design patterns looking for idiomatic ways of working around constraints of the implementation language. From this analysis, we lay a groundwork of general-purpose language constructs and mechanisms that, if provided by a statically typed, object-oriented language, would better support the implementation of design patterns and, transitively, benefit the construction of many real systems. In particular, our catalog of language constructs includes subtyping separate from inheritance, lexically scoped closure objects independent of classes, and multimethod dispatch. The proposed constructs and mechanisms are not radically new, but rather are adopted from a variety of languages and programming language research and combined in a new, orthogonal manner. We argue that by describing design patterns in terms of the proposed constructs and mechanisms, pattern descriptions become simpler and, therefore, accessible to a larger number of language communities. Constructs and mechanisms lacking in a particular language can be implemented using paradigmatic idioms.

Sadq Askari

Critical review of scientific production reveals the weaknesses of the works of the previous works, so we can avoid the shortcomings and strengthen our works.. Therefore, it can be said that achieving the optimum perfection in the development of academic resources is possible only after reviews. The present paper aims to review  the book entitled "Egyptian Literature from the Establishment of the Ayyubi State to the Advent of the French Campaign ",written by Abdul Latif Hamza, and  published in 2000 by the publication  "Egyptian General Institute Forum for the Books" in 293 pages.The results of the critique and review of this book show that this book, despite some strengths such as observance of the rules of writing, the coherence and logical setting of the sections and chapters; unfortunately, it has many defects in the field of form and content. The most important drawbacks of this work include lack of registration of bibliography references and shortages, lack of introduction and closure for the sections and chapters, verbal errors due to non-observance of rules, lexical errors due to non-observance of the rules of conduct, interpretive errors and misunderstandings due to the inappropriate use of words and combinations. But the main drawbacks of the content in this book are repetition of the subject, surreptitious review due to the wide scope of the subject, reliance on compilation and accumulation as a result of the lack of analysis and innovation. It is hoped that the results of this brief review would be useful for the writer and other scholars, and would Lead to scientific promotion.