Hasil untuk "Education"

Debby R. E. Cotton, Peter A. Cotton, J. Shipway

ABSTRACT The use of artificial intelligence in academia is a hot topic in the education field. ChatGPT is an AI tool that offers a range of benefits, including increased student engagement, collaboration, and accessibility. However, is also raises concerns regarding academic honesty and plagiarism. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of using ChatGPT in higher education, and discusses the potential risks and rewards of these tools. The paper also considers the difficulties of detecting and preventing academic dishonesty, and suggests strategies that universities can adopt to ensure ethical and responsible use of these tools. These strategies include developing policies and procedures, providing training and support, and using various methods to detect and prevent cheating. The paper concludes that while the use of AI in higher education presents both opportunities and challenges, universities can effectively address these concerns by taking a proactive and ethical approach to the use of these tools.

G. Davis, S. Rimm

Matthew Lipman

Susan G. Broyles

P. Ramsden

P. Scott

Ahmed A. Madfa, Abdullah F. Alshammari, Bassam A. Anazi et al.

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is transforming healthcare education and clinical decision-making. While models like ChatGPT and Claude have demonstrated utility in medical contexts, their performance in dental diagnostics remains underexplored; additionally, the potential of emerging platforms, like Manus, is yet to be evaluated.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy and consistency of the ChatGPT, Claude, and Manus—using authentic, case-based dental scenarios.MethodsA set of 117 multiple-choice questions based on validated clinical dental vignettes spanning various specialities was administered to each model under standardised conditions at two separate time points. Responses were scored against expert-validated answer keys. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen's kappa, and statistical comparisons were made using the chi-square, McNemar, and t-tests.ResultsClaude and Manus consistently outperformed ChatGPT across both testing phases. In the second round, Claude and Manus achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 92.3%, compared to ChatGPT's 76.9%. Claude and Manus also demonstrated higher intra-model consistency (Cohen's kappa = 0.714 and 0.782, respectively) than ChatGPT (kappa = 0.560). Although the numerical trends favoured Claude and Manus, pairwise differences in accuracy did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionClaude and Manus demonstrated numerically higher diagnostic performance and greater response stability compared with ChatGPT; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance and should therefore be interpreted cautiously. This variability across models highlights the need for larger-scale evaluations. These findings underscore the importance of considering both accuracy and consistency when selecting AI tools for integration into dental practice and curricula.

Makoto Kawahito, Keitaro Murayama, Hirofumi Tomiyama et al.

IntroductionSensory phenomena (SP) are subjective experiences, such as feelings of discomfort or incompleteness, which often precede repetitive behaviors in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although previous studies have shown that SP are common in early-onset OCD, the relationship between age at onset and SP severity remains unclear.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 30 drug-naive patients with OCD, without comorbid psychiatric or medical/neurological disorders, and with at least one lifetime SP. SP severity was assessed using the University of São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale (USPSPS). Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between age at onset and SP severity, controlling for sex, autistic traits, and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. Sensitivity analyses evaluated illness duration and anxiety and used a two-part analysis to address the floor at USPSPS = 0. Robustness was assessed using bias-corrected (BC) bootstrap 95% confidence intervals and influence diagnostics.ResultsEarlier age at onset was associated with greater SP severity (B = −0.171, p = 0.007; BC bootstrap 95% CI −0.300 to −0.064). Sensitivity analyses, including models additionally adjusting for illness duration or anxiety, and influence diagnostics, supported the robustness of this association. In a two-part analysis, autistic traits were associated with the presence of current SP, whereas earlier onset was associated with greater SP severity.DiscussionEarlier onset of OCD was associated with more severe SP after adjustment for clinical covariates. These findings may be consistent with a neurodevelopmental contribution to SP severity in OCD. Further longitudinal and qualitative studies on SP are warranted.

B. Sianesi, J. V. Reenen

O. Skovsmose

Siti Sainah, Sutrisno, Fetti Kennisah Putri et al.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan, perencanaan jumlah, kualitas, dan distribusi guru di Indonesia melalui pendekatan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan guru di Indonesia belum sejalan dengan formasi yang tersedia, ditambah dengan gelombang pensiun yang memperburuk defisit pada sejumlah wilayah. Perencanaan jumlah guru juga menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan akurasi data dan lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi, sehingga rekrutmen tidak selalu sesuai dengan kebutuhan riil sekolah. Dari sisi kualitas, program peningkatan kompetensi seperti sertifikasi dan pelatihan belum sepenuhnya berdampak pada praktik pembelajaran di kelas, terutama di daerah dengan akses terbatas. Sementara itu, distribusi guru masih timpang, dengan konsentrasi di perkotaan dan kekurangan di daerah 3T. Secara keseluruhan, permasalahan jumlah, kualitas, dan distribusi guru saling terkait dan membutuhkan solusi yang terpadu. Upaya perbaikan perlu didukung oleh sistem data pendidikan yang terintegrasi, perencanaan berbasis kebutuhan, program pengembangan profesional berkelanjutan, serta kebijakan insentif yang mendorong pemerataan guru.

Jilin Li, Xiaohui Jiang, Yuning Zhou

This study illuminates the complex relationship between cultural orientation towards collectivism, emotional regulation skills, cognitive reappraisal ability, sports engagement, perceived coach support, and sports self-efficacy in Chinese athletes' performance satisfaction. Seven hundred and fifty athletes from Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Sichuan completed 5-point Likert scale assessments. The study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze variable connections. The results reveal significant relationships between performance satisfaction and cultural orientation towards collectivism (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), emotional regulation skills (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), cognitive reappraisal ability (β = 0.32, p < 0.01), sports engagement (β = 0.20, p < 0.05), perceived coach support (β = 0.25, p < 0.01), and self-efficacy in sports (β = 0.30, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the importance of psychological factors in shaping athlete well-being and performance satisfaction. These relationships linked the self-determination theory, social support theory, and the transactional model of stress and coping. Treatments that improve athlete self-efficacy, emotional control, and coach-athlete relationships may improve player happiness, retention, and organizational performance. These actions affect management and the economy. A supportive environment and athlete development initiatives may boost athlete well-being and performance, leading to long-term sports success and competitiveness.

Xinli Zhou, Guoyun Jia, Yuqi Luo et al.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious disease that affects wheat worldwide. There is a great need to develop cultivars with combinations of all-stage resistance (ASR) and adult-plant resistance (APR) genes for sustainable control of the disease. QYrsv.swust-1BL in the Italian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) cultivar Svevo is effective against Pst races in China and Israel, and the gene has been previously mapped to the long arm of chromosome 1B. The gene is flanked by SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers IWB5732 and IWB4839 (0.75 cM). In the present study, we used high-density 660K SNP array genotyping and the phenotypes of 137 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) to fine map the QYrsv.swust-1BL locus within a 1.066 Mb region in durum wheat Svevo (RefSeq Rel. 1.0) on chromosome arm 1BL. The identified 1.066 Mb region overlaps with a previously described map of Yr29/QYr.ucw-1BL, a stripe rust APR gene. Twenty-five candidate genes for QYrsv.swut-1BL were identified through comparing polymorphic genes within the 1.066 Mb region in the resistant cultivar. SNP markers were selected and converted to Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers. Five KASP markers based on SNP were validated in a F2 and F2:3 breeding population, providing further compelling evidence for the significant effects of QYrsv.swut-1BL. These markers should be useful in marker-assisted selection for incorporating Yr29/QYrsv.swust-1BL into new durum and common wheat cultivars for resistance to stripe rust.

M. Byram

Acknowledgements IntroductionI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATIONPurposes 1 Foreign language education in context 2 Purposes for foreign language education Possibilities 3 Is language learning possible at school? 4 The intercultural speaker - acting interculturally or being bicultural 5 Intercultural competence and foreign language learning in the primary school 6 Analysis and advocacy: researching the cultural dimensions of foreign language education Perspectives 7 Nationalism and Internationalism in Language Education 8 Language learning in Europe 9 Foreign language teaching as political action II INTERCULTURAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATIOn 10 Language Education, Political Education and Intercultural Citizenship 11 Education for Intercultural Citizenship 12 Policies for intercultural citizenship education 13 Curricula for intercultural citizenship education 14 Assessment and/or evaluation of intercultural competence and intercultural citizenshipConclusionReferencesAppendix

U. Hytti, C. O’Gorman

A. Towle, L. Bainbridge, W. Godolphin et al.

S. Buring, A. Bhushan, Amy E. Broeseker et al.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is an important step in advancing health professional education for many years and has been endorsed by the Institute of Medicine as a mechanism to improve the overall quality of health care. IPE has also become an area of focus for the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP), with several groups, including these authors from the AACP Interprofessional Education Task Force, working on developing resources to promote and support IPE planning and development. This review provides background on the definition of IPE, evidence to support IPE, the need for IPE, student competencies and objectives for IPE, barriers to implementation of IPE, and elements critical for successfully implementing IPE.

R. Osborne, G. Elsworth, K. Whitfield

D. Siedentop

P. Schutz, R. Pekrun