Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Silvana Schimanski, Paola de Moraes Meine

O aumento dos fluxos migratórios de 2015 na Europa impulsionou os membros da União Europeia a discutirem a reforma do Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo, mecanismo que estabelece normas e regras para o tratamento dos requerentes de asilo no bloco. Uma das respostas da Comissão Europeia foi proposta em 2020: o Novo Pacto de Migração e Asilo, cujas negociações estão em andamento. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o contexto das negociações, especialmente no que tange ao princípio da solidariedade e partilha equitativa de responsabilidades. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido a partir de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, com finalidade analítico-descritiva. Conclui-se que, apesar da proposta do Novo Pacto ter incorporado tal princípio como um dos pontos principais da reforma, a solução tem sido considerada pouco significativa para suas normas e regras. Ainda que a proposta tenha circulado há mais de dois anos e que o consenso mínimo tenha sido alcançado para avançar no âmbito do bloco, destaca-se a falta de convergência no processo de tomada de decisão entre os membros acerca do sensível tema.

Luna Emilia Kronstad, Miroslava Tokovska, Adnan Kisa

Background: Overweight and obesity are major public health challenges worldwide and are disproportionately prevalent among immigrant populations in Western countries, including the Nordic region. However, evidence on their determinants and effective prevention strategies within Nordic immigrant populations remains fragmented. Purpose: This study aims to map existing research on the prevalence, determinants, and interventions related to overweight and obesity among adult immigrants in Nordic countries. Method: A scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2013 and 2023 was conducted using CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science to systematically synthesize evidence on these themes. Results: Immigrants generally exhibited higher rates of overweight and obesity compared with native-born populations, with specific groups such as Somali and Iraqi immigrant women experiencing notably elevated prevalence. Key determinants included low physical activity, high-energy diets, socioeconomic disadvantage, acculturation challenges, and prolonged residence in the host country. Interventions included culturally adapted prevention programs promoting healthier diets, increased physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Promising approaches included gender-specific groups led by culturally sensitive health coaches, cooking classes with motivational support, and community-based physical activity initiatives. Conclusion: Addressing obesity among immigrant populations in the Nordic region requires culturally responsive, community-engaged, and evidence-informed public health strategies. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating cultural competence, gender sensitivity, and structural supports to promote healthy lifestyles and advance equity in obesity prevention.

Brinsley Samaroo

Flávia Belmont de Oliveira

A partir da experiência de trabalho em uma ONG que promove interação e redes de apoio para pessoas migrantes LGBTI+, proponho a questão: como algumas pessoas refugiadas ou solicitantes de refúgio LGBTI+ expressam seus sensos de pertencimento e formas de fazer morada no Rio de Janeiro, frente às estruturas afetivas, materiais e institucionais que lhes são oferecidas? Articularei reflexões através de narrativas orais e visuais, incitadas a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com três pessoas venezuelanas LGBTI+ que viveram o processo de refúgio. Conceitualmente, debaterei sobre as esferas afetiva e material a partir do diálogo sobre os conceitos de home/home-making (MEEUS; VAN HEUR; ARNAUT, 2019; STARING; VAN LIEMPT, 2020; KOX; VAN LIEMPT, 2022; BOCCAGNI, 2017) considerando que as pessoas migrantes, quando refugiadas e LGBTI+, corporificam categorias políticas que levam a um tensionamento constante. Será frente à possibilidade de relaxamento da autoconsciência dessas posições sociais que explorarei, então, a dimensão cotidiana como base de cidadania destas pessoas.

Luicy Pedroza, Pau Palop‐García

Abstract Specialized indices of immigration, immigrant integration policies, and citizenship policies are expanding the confines of our knowledge in the field of comparative migration policies. Emigration policies, however, have garnered less attention. We address this gap in the literature, by using a new data set to create an index that measures contemporary emigration regulations of 32 polities across three regions in the world (Asia, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean). Based on this exploratory exercise, we examine the assumptions about emigration controls and policies being a matter of the past or belonging to non‐democratic regimes. We find that emigration policies go beyond the mere regulation of the right to exit. Different components across a continuum from restriction to encouragement of emigration suggest different rationales and purposes of states, even if the hardest forms of emigration control, such as exit bans are absent in the studied sample.

Piotr Długosz

Objectives: The Russian military aggression against Ukraine resulted in a humanitarian crisis. There was a mass exodus of war refugees. More than 17 million people have left Ukraine since the war broke out. The refugees who came to Poland and other countries have experienced war trauma. The study aims to assess mental health of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland. Population and methods: At the time of the study, that is, in April and May 2022, between 1,5 million and 2 million Ukrainian refugees were staying in Poland. They were mainly young women with their children. The CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) technique was used in the study. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling. The invitation to take part in the survey was posted on social media for Ukrainians in Poland, and also sent to the participants of a Polish as a Foreign Language course. The study utilizes the RHS-15 and a nominal scale measuring the strategies for coping with stress. Results: The research sample consists of 737 respondents. The results of the screening tests indicate that depression, anxiety disorders and PTSD may be observed among 73% of respondents, whereas 66% of the respondents display psychological distress. The analyses have shown that higher levels of mental health disorders were observed among women and refugees who do not speak Polish. Younger respondents experienced a higher psychological distress. The results of the study also indicate that the refugees more often implemented problem-focused strategies. The analysis has shown that the respondents who followed active strategies scored the lowest on RHS-15. The emotion-focused strategies, such as praying, diverting attention by becoming involved in different activities or taking sedatives were not effective. The highest levels of disorders were present among the refugees who indicated resignation. Conclusions: The collected observations indicate that the main problem which might hinder their adaptation could be mental health issues, which in turn impact the general deterioration of health and the quality of life.

Simon Clarke

The article analyzes the relationship between freedom and happiness, in particular whether freedom makes people happy. The problem of freedom and happiness in the modern world affects the life of every person. Utilitarians argue that freedom, understood as the absence of constraints, increases people's happiness, as J. S. Mill argued in On Liberty. More recently there have been a number of empirical studies examining whether happiness levels are higher in societies that have more liberty. These studies are critically examined and some of the difficulties of establishing whether it is liberty or some other closely-related phenomena, such as democracy or development, that cause happiness are discussed. The article presents data from Freedom House and the Happy Planet Index to attempt to determine the effect of liberty on happiness. This enables us to determine the place of freedom in the hierarchy of values and understand its place in society and its significance for the individual.

Cynthia Mora-Izaguirre

Resumen Este artículo hace una vinculación teórica (Bauman, Sassen, Salazar y Glick- Schiller) con los llamados flujos mixtos de paso por Costa Rica donde se evidencia que son producto de un capitalismo cada vez más fuerte, con una clara presión por eliminar restricciones de mercado y un debilitamiento de los Estados, lo que provoca una selección social de aptitud para incorporarse a nuevos procesos socioeconómicos. Los sectores de la población que no puedan adaptarse tendrán que buscar oportunidades en otros países lejanos, sin importar las distancias y sacrificios que eso conlleve, como es el caso de las migraciones de flujos mixtos de paso por Costa Rica rumbo a Estados Unidos, quienes además de una compleja travesía por las distancias y situaciones que enfrentan, en el 2020 chocan con el cierre de fronteras en la región debido a la pandemia del COVID- 19.

Gabriela Garcia Angelico

Based on the analysis of the data and reports of two important published researches on the reality of refugees and migrants in Brazil, and the study of the case of deliberative public policies in the city of São Paulo, we seek in this article to achieve a greater critical understanding regarding both the limits and the immanent potential of emancipation of the refugees and migrants living in Brazil, regarding the framework of guidelines, norms and policies existing for this population. In this logic, our research has as theoretical and methodological reference the critical theory proposed by Jürgen Habermas.

Julia Massucheti Tomasi

Desde as últimas décadas do século XX, a cidade de Urussanga, intitulada capital italiana de Santa Catarina, tem vivenciado um processo de afirmação da identidade italiana. O presente artigo destaca as variadas ocasiões que os urussanguenses encontram para afirmar a italianidade, como as festas, a culinária, a obtenção da dupla cidadania, as ações do consulado, além do gemellaggio com a cidade italiana de Longarone, pacto que criou variadas oportunidades de emprego na Europa. Palavras-chave: Urussanga, Santa Catarina identidade, italianidade, migração.

Klara Kožar Rosulnik

Avtorica v prispevku migracijske izkušnje svoje pratete Neže Gerkšič oz. Agnes Lacroix obravnava kot polje učenja in ga interpretira s teorijo biografskega učenja. Biografsko učenje obravnava kot proces, ki se dogaja v vsakdanjem življenju in (re)konstruira identiteto, znanje, veščine, stališča in vrednote. Z analizo avtobiografskega zapisa prikaže, kako je akterka migracij z različnimi strategijami (s prilagajanjem, z osebnostno rastjo, razvojem individualnega sloga življenja, s poseganjem v družbena pravila okolja, z inovativnim učenjem) oblikovala svoja znanje in identiteto. Avtorica strategije učenja predstavi kot orodje, s katerim analizira in interpretira učenje ob izkušnji migracije.

Ignacio González Sánchez

In this paper the punitive processes affecting foreigners in Spain are analyzed. After a brief contextualization of the migratory process, and its problematization in terminology related to insecurity and crime, attention is paid to two ways of penalization: the administrative one, linked with laws for foreigners, and the penal one, reinforced by the precarious situation of these collectives. Later, an analysisi of their effects of the material —related to the labor market—, symbolic —in social categorizations— and disciplinary –in the conformation of subjectivities- is provided. The pertinence of studying processes of penalization to discern broader social dynamics and the pertince of giving more importance to these processes in studies about migrant populations is here proposed.

Jon Horgen Friberg

Temporary staffing agencies have recently emerged as a significant ‘migration industry’ in Norway, actively recruiting and facilitating the employment of workers from new eastern EU states (EU10). This article explores how such agencies shape patterns of mobility and labour market incorporation among migrant workers. Although agencies promote circular and temporary mobility for western European labour migrants, this is not the case for the eastern European migrant workers. Although temporary staffing jobs are often short-term stepping stones into regular employment for native workers, migrant workers far more often remain employed within staffing agencies for many years. Finally, the eastern European migrants recruited through agencies have far lower earnings and are more at risk of needing public benefits than those hired directly. The findings show that the temporary staffing industry has functioned as a spearhead for establishing a permanent, yet hyper-flexible and highly precarious migrant workforce in the otherwise highly regulated Norwegian labour market.

Del Rossi, Sara

José Eduardo Martins Felício

Entrevista com o embaixador do Brasil no Paraguai José Eduardo Martins Felício.

Ruth Ferrero

The end of the Cold produced migratory flows of an economic type in the direction East-West Although the exchange and movement of populations in Europe is nothing new, what was new was the change in the underlying philosophy. The change of paradigm from a world with two opposing poles to one with an hegemonic power, shattered all the schemes that until then were taken for granted. Since the fall of the Berlin wall the issue was no longer to take in political refugies coming from the soviet block, butrather to regulate the flows coming from those countries in more and more numbers. In this paper we try to reconstruct the history of the development of control of the migratory flows coming from Central and Easter Europe towards the European Union before,during and after the enlowgement processes which have taken place in 2004 and 2007.

Sabrina Mommolin

Zai Liang, Hideki Morooka

ABSTRACTUsing data from several Chinese censuses and surveys, we provide a new perspective for the study of international migration. Focusing on the trends of international migration from China and Fujian province between 1982 and 2000, several findings emerge. First, Fujian and Yunnan provinces became the leading immigrant‐sending provinces in China by 2000. Second, changes in socio‐economic selectivity among emigrants from Fujian province from 1990 to 1995 are also clearly revealed in our analysis. The shift from urbanites to rural peasants among the emigrant population is particularly noteworthy. Third, in the context of Fujian province, factors such as age, education, rural/urban status, and occupation (especially the service sector) are the most important predictors of emigration. The paper ends with a discussion of the prospects of assimilation of Fujianese immigrants in destination societies.