Hasil untuk "Special industries and trades"

Ziqiu Li, Weiyuan Hong, Xiangqian Feng et al.

Accurate monitoring of rice phenological transitions plays a pivotal role in enhancing breeding efficiency and optimizing agronomic practices. Current spectral-based approaches frequently encounter limitations in detecting subtle growth stage boundaries within large-scale breeding programs, particularly due to visually imperceptible canopy variations during critical transitional phases. To address this issue, this study introduces a deep learning framework named GrowAI that synergistically combines dynamic plant architecture parameters with hyperspectral canopy signatures for robust phenological identification. Through a two-year breeding experiment, we established a time-series multispectral image dataset covering complete growth cycles. Our methodology innovatively integrates three-dimensional plant height dynamics with canopy optical properties through multimodal fusion architecture. Experimental results demonstrated GrowAI's superior performance, achieving classification accuracies of 0.937 (OA) and 0.927 (F1-score), representing average improvements of 6.9 % and 7.0 % respectively over conventional full-spectrum deep learning approaches. Notably, the framework exhibited exceptional temporal generalizability with cross-year validation accuracy reaching 0.977. Moreover, by accurately tracking the phenological stages of different rice genotypes in the breeding trials, the GrowAI framework can help breeders identify climate-resilient cultivars that have the most suitable phenological characteristics.

Zhuo Chen, Florian vom Lehn, Heinz Pitsch et al.

The ever-increasing importance of both energy security and sustainability motivates the design of carbon-neutral petroleum replacements from renewable resources. Fuel candidates are conventionally selected from existing databases with limited scope. This work presents a novel artificial intelligence-based fuel design approach, which identifies molecules tailor-made for a particular application by screening millions of candidates. The approach is demonstrated by the design of fuel blending components for spark-ignition engines. A virtual pool consisting of 26.2 million fuel molecules is first developed by considering all possible combinations of predefined structural groups. The practical application potential of these molecules is evaluated based on the joint consideration of various properties estimated by artificial neural network-based quantitative structure–property relationship models. A two-stage design process is performed. In particular, a number of species with novel and complex structures are identified. These are expected to allow for high efficiency and low emissions simultaneously, but have not attracted previous investigation in the literature yet.

Pusaka Sinulingga , Machfud, Depi Susilawati

Coffee is a commodity with significant business potential that has grown substantially in recent years. This research aims to identify the supply chain structure, analyze performance, and assess risks in the Sidikalang Arabica coffee supply chain, which is recognized for its geographical indication, to optimize its performance. The supply chain structure is analyzed using the Vorst method, while performance evaluation employs the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR AHP) method, and risk assessment is carried out using the House of Risk (HOR) method. The study identifies six configurations in the Sidikalang Arabica coffee supply chain, primarily serving the hotel, restaurant, and café (HORECA) industry. Key supply chain members include farmers, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), hotels, restaurants, and cafés. Performance analysis reveals that farmers, MSMEs, hotels, and restaurants fall into the medium category, scoring between 50%-70%, whereas cafés demonstrate strong performance with a 75% score. Risk analysis highlights that maintaining consistent quality standards significantly impacts consumer satisfaction and business sustainability. Optimization strategies include improving farmer cultivation, expanding MSME markets reach, diversifying products in the HORECA sector, and strengthening risk resilience. Meeting consumer demands with integrity reflects professionalism and enhances consumer satisfaction, ultimately supporting long-term business sustainability.

Matthias Weitzel, Toon Vandyck, Rafael Garaffa et al.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to strong economic repercussions globally. In particular, turbulences on international energy markets and reduced flows of natural gas from Russia to the EU led to a sharp increase of natural gas prices. In this paper, we investigate the effect of higher gas prices on the European economy using the computable general equilibrium model JRC-GEM-E3. Numerical simulations quantify direct and indirect (via spillovers to electricity prices) implications for macro-economic outcomes, sectoral trade and employment, and distributional impacts across household income deciles. Results indicate that the (indirect) macro-economic impacts from electricity price changes induced by higher gas prices are larger than the (direct) impact of the gas price increase. Spatial heterogeneity in gas price impacts across regions globally leads to trade and competitiveness impacts, but has little influence on aggregate GDP impacts. The energy price shock is regressive, and results indicate strong employment impacts in particular sectors. Finally, the scenarios indicate that the macro-economic impact of the same energy price shock would be reduced by more than two thirds, if it were to occur in an economy that has decarbonised to achieve the EU’s 2030 climate targets. This illustrates that decarbonising the economy enhances the resilience to fossil fuel price increases.

Ahmed Mohammed, Ahmed Shmroukh, Nouby Ghazaly et al.

In the present study, a modified pyramid-solar-still (MPSS) with new multiple stepped basin areas was investigated in the weather conditions of Qena, Egypt, at a location of (Latitude: 26.16°, Longitude: 32.71°). Boosting the output of the pyramid solar still is the primary focus of the proposed strategy. To achieve this, four basins were built and integrated into the pyramid solar still, with their size increasing in proportion to the surface area of the condensing glass. A 25% increase in basin area per square meter of solar still was achieved compared to conventional pyramid solar still (CPSS) with the same condensing cover area. The thermal performance and productivity of the suggested solar still were demonstrated by developing energy balance equations for temperature components and then analytically computing their solutions. The results showed compatibility between theoretical and experimental results. The highest yields for CPSS were 2524 mL/m2, and for MPSS, they were 3415 mL/m2. The stepped area enhanced the yield by 35.3% compared with CPSS. Moreover, the efficiency of CPSS and MPSS was recorded as 23.5% and 31.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum yield of freshwater was obtained for the northern condensing cover, with the recorded value reaching 1174 mL/m2. Distilled water under the proposed system would cost $0.0179 per liter. Finally, the TDS and pH levels are in accordance with WHO recommendations for the quality of drinking water.

Fatoumah Aidaros Al-Hebshi, Badiea S. Babaqi, Reem Moajeb Bakhteeb et al.

In the global effort to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the creation of green hydrogen by water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar power, is becoming more important. In order to take advantage of the rich solar energy resources in the Al Dhafra region and offer sustainable electricity for the plant's hydrogen production operations, this research presents a simulation and analysis of an alkaline electrolysis plant located in Abu Dhabi. Based on basic chemical engineering design concepts, the research performs extensive calculations for the material and energy balances and estimates the capital costs of the process equipment. The findings show that the proposed alkaline electrolysis facility can produce hydrogen at a rate of 3753 kg/h and, as a beneficial byproduct, 28906 kg/h of oxygen. It is expected that an 18 MW alkaline electrolysis plant will require a total capital investment of about 100,000,000 USD, with an approximate yearly profit predicted of this process that reached of 50,000,000 USD. This analysis supports the region's sustainability goals and the global shift to a low-carbon future by highlighting the economic feasibility and environmental advantages of including the renewable energy-powered green hydrogen generation into Abu Dhabi's energy landscape.

Armando da Silva Cunha Junior

None

E. I. Savelieva

Introduction. The review describes various systems used as inclusion matrices or modifiers of biologically active substances to enhance their absorption or deposition and subsequent release, both continuous or «on demand», i.e. in response to a stimulus.Text. Technologies for the incorporation of active substances into cyclodextrin nanoaggregates are developed to the greatest extent. Such technologies were used to obtain modified forms of hydrocortisone, glibenclamide, and a number of peptide drugs. Acetylcysteine immobilized on ethyl cellulose or other polymer particles significantly increases the bioavailability of peptide drugs on their intranasal administration. The deposition of active substances in the body takes place by way of their delayed controlled dissolution, adsorption, encapsulation, or esterification. The release of deposited substances upon exposure to an endogenous (change in pH, temperature) or external (exposure to ultrasound, electric or magnetic field, chemical activators) stimulus can be single or multiple, depending on the ability of the accommodating matrix for self-aggregation.Conclusion. Self-aggregated peptides are most promising for stimulus-induced release/delivery of biologically active substances. Modern technologies for the modification of active substances increase the efficiency of their administration and favor targeted location and implementation time of biological effects.

A.M. Curtin, C.A. Vail, H.L. Buckley

Solar energy harvesting is a crucial technology in the transition away from fossil fuels. However, in order to make a renewable energy source truly sustainable, it is necessary to understand and mitigate broader impacts. At the Water-Energy Nexus lies the question of trade-offs between energy sources in terms of their water footprint, through water use or water contamination. The purpose of this work is to analyze CdTe thin film photovoltaic cells to evaluate interventions that can prevent contamination of drinking water. We focus on drinking water because of its relevance to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 6: clean water and sanitation. Thin-film PV cells use CdTe as a semiconductor material because of its advantageous band gap and high solar absorption efficiency. However, CdTe as well as cadmium and tellurium species can be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and pose serious health hazards to humans when present in drinking water. We propose a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) that can be used by business leaders and politicians to aid in decision-making in regards to new interventions to protect drinking water. In this article we use a case study to demonstrate the use of the MCDA framework. The interventions analyzed in this review are regulation of recycling and disposal, bioreactors, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Protecting water supplies while increasing access to reliable electricity through low-cost solar is a critical path to meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals as this renewable energy technology evolves.

Braconnier Benjamin, Preux Christophe, Douarche Frédéric et al.

Our paper presents an improved numerical scheme to simulate Single Well Chemical Tracer Test (SWCTT) method. SWCTT is mainly applied to determine the residual oil saturation of reservoirs. It consists in injecting an aqueous slug of a primary tracer into the reservoir formation and displacing it at a certain distance from the well. This tracer is partly miscible with oil on the one hand, and generates in situ a secondary tracer on the other hand. As a consequence, a shift is observed between the primary and the secondary tracers arrival times when production is resumed. This time shift is used to evaluate the residual oil saturation. In our paper, we propose a numerical scheme based on a fractional time stepping technique to decouple the resolution of the phases mass conservation equations and the chemical tracers mole conservation equations. For the phases resolution, we use an implicit scheme to ensure stability and robustness. For the chemical tracers, we propose an explicit second-order scheme in time and in space via MUSCL technique to improve the tracers time-shift calculation. The proposed numerical method is implemented on a realistic simulation model consisting of a vertical well crossing a reservoir consisting of a stack of homogeneous layers. By reducing the numerical dispersion, the proposed scheme improves the accuracy of predicted concentration profiles, without significantly increasing the computation time. Finally, the advantages of using a second-order scheme for residual oil saturation assessment are discussed on the basis of a radial 1D mesh convergence study.

Bonnet Mathilde, Dermu Marine, Roessle Clara et al.

A. V. Sosnov, M. I. Vlasov, S. V. Sadovnikov et al.

Application of luminescent reagents for detection of toxicants including warfare agents, pesticides and their degradation products and precursors has been systematically reviewed. Methods of organophosphorus toxicants and products of their destruction (OP) detection based on lanthanide luminescent complexes (primarily Eu3+) have the similar sensitivity as the most advanced instrumental chromatographic and biochemical assays with detection level in the range of several ppts that allows to determine supertoxicants at the safety requirements concentration levels and at appropriate analysis duration from a few seconds to 10 minutes. High selectivity of toxicants identification is achieved by means of imprinted materials, modified cyclodextrins and luminescent sensor arrays. This is the basis for development of new technologies for trace analysis of toxicants and their decomposition products, including possible technology of luminescent contrast agents’ application to increase sensitivity of spectroscopic methods and remote determination of toxicants on the ground. Further possibilities to develop next generation materials for protective gear, equipment and multifunctional contact surfaces providing visualization and identification of toxicants and simultaneous catalytic self-decontamination is discussed. Relationship between technologies for improving safety and security at the crossroads of analytical chemistry of warfare agents, criminalistics, chemical safety and pharmaceutics has been demonstrated.

Banon Rustiaty

The development of bioethanol as fuel substitution is believed to overcome the potency of the world energy crisis including Indonesia. The bioethanol development can be done by increasing the production capacity of the existing bioethanol factory plant by improving yeast culture for enhancing the performance of the fermentation process. This study was aimed at obtaining a method of optimizing the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation that can be applied by the alcohol industry in Indonesia for increasing factory productivity, thereby reducing the cost of producing alcohol. In this study, the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Watei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hakken I were adopted in environment condition with high ethanol content up to 13%. The results showed that the yeast was able to grow in environments with high ethanol content with higher specific growth rate and larger cell size than those within the original yeast. This condition showed that adapted strains can overcome stress caused by high ethanol. These results promise the good performance yeasts with ability in growing and performing metabolic activities in high alcohol-containing environment conditions

Odou Pascal

Putri Pangestika, Imam Santoso, Retno Astuti

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peningkatan kinerja UMKM setelah mendapat kucuran kredit, mengetahui alternatif perencanaan strategi yang tepat dalam pengembangan UMKM, dan mengetahui prioritas strategi pengembangan UMKM di Kabupaten XYZ. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji Wilcoxon untuk menguji peningkatan kinerja UMKM setelah mendapat kredit, Strenght, Weakness, Opportunity dan Threat (SWOT) untuk perencanaan alternatif strategi dan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) untuk penentuan prioritas strategi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan pada omset penjualan dan keuntungan usaha setelah mendapat kucuran kredit, namun pada jumlah tenaga kerja mengalami peningkatan yang tidak signifikan setelah mendapat kucuran kredit. Strategi pengembangan yang dapat diterapkan pada UMKM Kabupaten XYZ yaitu penetrasi pasar dan pengembangan produk. Prioritas strategi pengembangan yang dapat diterapkan UMKM di Kabupaten XYZ adalah melakukan inovasi produk yang diolah, menjaga dan mempertahankan kualitas produk dan meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana pengembangan UMKM. Kata kunci: kucuran kredit, strategi, UMKM Abstract This research aimed to know the improvement of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) performance after getting financial credit support, to know appropriate planning of strategies in developing MSMEs and to find out the priority of development strategies at MSMEs in XYZ Regency. Wilcoxon test was used to test the improving performance of MSMEs after getting financial credit support, Strenght, Weakness, Opportunity dan Threat (SWOT) analysis was used to plan alternative strategies then Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was used to determine the priority of alternative strategies. The results of research showed that there was a significant improvement in sales and business profits after getting financial credit support, but the increasing amount of employee was not significant after getting financial credit support. Development strategies which could be applied in XYZ Regency were market penetration and product development. There were three priority development strategies which able to be applied at MSMEs in XYZ Regency, i.e conducting product innovation, maintaining the quality of products, and improving the facilities and infrastructure of MSMEs development. Keywords: credit assistance, MSMEs, strategy

Atila Alptug, Kadioglu Yucel

The novel analytical method was developed and validated for determination of prilocaine HCl in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation by gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). The chromatographic separation was performed using a HP-5MS column. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 40-1000 ng ml-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of method were 10 ng ml-1 and 35 ng ml-1, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision, expressed as the percent relative standard deviation (RSD%) was less than 5.0%, and accuracy (percent relative error) was better than 4.0%. The developed method can be directly and easily applied for determination of prilocaine HCl in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation using internal standard methodology.

Gabriel Lima Barros de Araujo, Altivo Pitaluga Jr, Selma Gutierrez Antonio et al.

O polimorfismo pode ocasionar desvios de qualidade durante o processo produtivo e influenciar o desempenho dos medicamentos. Por isso, o entendimento do fenômeno e suas implicações abre um campo amplo de possibilidades a serem exploradas na área farmacêutica, incluindo o surgimento de novos paradigmas e ferramentas na garantia da qualidade de medicamentos. Este trabalho apresenta uma introdução aos aspectos básicos do fenômeno do polimorfismo e suas implicações na produção e controle de medicamentos, com ênfase no polimorfismo dos fármacos.

Carlos del CASTILLO R

Desde la legislación aparecen en la profesión farmacéutica dos conceptos íntimamente relacionados, que debemos definir y analizar: el derecho farmacéutico y la legislación farmacéutica. El primero, es un conjunto heterogéneo de disposiciones que regulan directa o indirectamente la actividad farmacéutica. No puede considerarse una rama independiente del derecho, pero sí es posible, a efectos prácticos, ordenar sistemáticamente las disposiciones que lo regulan. Por ello, surge esta nueva rama dentro del derecho sanitario, en la que se ubica además, la legislación farmacéutica, legislación que todo farmacéutico debe conocer y aplicar en su actividad científico-profesional que, por otra parte, evoluciona vertiginosamente. En el presente trabajo estudiaremos dichos conceptos. Una tarea como ésta requiere, desde el inicio, las herramientas metodológicas más adecuadas. La principal a lo largo de toda la exploración es el afán de acotar al máximo los temas tratados, guiado por la necesidad de presentar este tipo de investigaciones documentadas legislativamente. La metodología utilizada es la seguida normalmente en los trabajos de legislación farmacéutica, en los que los diversos boletines oficiales, donde se publican las disposiciones legales, constituyen las fuentes primarias, así como literatura crítica del tema.<br>After legal enaltment in the pharmaceutical profession appear two intimately related concepts: the pharmaceutical law and the pharmaceutical legislation that we should define and analyze. On the one hand, the pharmaceutical law is a heterogeneous group of dispositions regulating directly or indirectly the pharmaceutical activity. It cannot be considered an independent branch of the law, but it is possible for practical effects to order systematically the legal regulations. Such is the source of a new branch inside the sanitary law, the pharmaceutical legislation, that every pharmacies most know in applied to his scientificprofessional activity which evolution is vertiginous. This paper will study this concept. From the beginning this study requires the most appropriate methodological tools. The most important one for investigation must be the desire to mark out the treated topics guided by the necessary documentation. The use methodology is the usually followed in the works of pharmaceutical legislation where the primary source is found in the diverse official bulletins publishing the legal disposition and the critical literature of the topics.

K. Ujikawa, W. Vilegas, G. L. Bachiega

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt; Com o aumento significativo na incidência de infecções fúngicas invasivas durante a última década, principalmente em pacientes com câncer, AIDS, ou hospitalizados por período prolongado em unidades de terapia intensiva, há a necessidade da pesquisa de novos agentes antifúngicos com qualidade superior aos existentes. Esta pesquisa objetivou a procura de um microrganismo produtor de substâncias antibacterianas e antifúngicas. Microrganismos das amostras de solo da região de Araraquara, Brasil, foram coletados e analisados quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano contra microrganismos padrões (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus oryzae). Das 64 cepas isoladas, 34 apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana. A cepa Ar 4014 foi escolhida para dar continuidade ao trabalho por apresentar boa atividade antimicrobiana contra Candida albicans. Estudos fermentativos mostraram que os Meios 608-K e 602- B foram os melhores para produção e extração de substâncias antifúngicas de Ar 4014. Após cromatografia em coluna de sílica do extrato bruto, as frações ativas obtidas mostraram picos de absorção UV-VIS característicos de pentaenos normais. O antibiótico foi denominado provisoriamente Ara 4014-75. Palavras-chave: Antibiótico Ara 4014-75, Streptomyces, pentaenos, antifúngico, rastreamento. &lt;/p&gt;

Facultad Química Farmacéutica