Hasil untuk "Military Science"

Petrică Turtoi, Ionuț-Răzvan Nechita, Traian Cicone et al.

The primary objective of this work is to provide new solutions to increase impact protection, using a three-dimensional textile imbibed with a shear-thinning fluid. An extensive analysis showed a scarcity of research papers related to the damping capacity of deformable porous materials imbibed with non-Newtonian fluid. No studies were found for shear-thinning fluid flow inside highly compressible foams or other soft, porous materials. The damping capacity of the imbibed material was evaluated using impact with a dropping weight. Polyvinyl alcohol solution mixed with water was used for imbibition of a three-dimensional textile. Hydrophilized carbon nanofibers were also added to the solution to augment the shear-thinning behavior. The measured impact force for imbibed samples showed an important reduction compared to the impact force for the dry material. This research does not focus on flow phenomena at the microstructural level but instead aims to highlight the macroscopic attenuation effect that occurs during the compression of the imbibed material.

Jie Xiang, Zhengjiang Qian, Ye Xi et al.

Abstract Background Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by cleaving Tau at residue N368, accelerating its hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. The Tau N368/t-Tau ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serves as a superior biomarker compared to established biomarkers (p-Tau 181/217) for correlating with tau pathology and synaptic dysfunction in patients with AD, highlighting its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Methods We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a Tau N368-specific antibody in two mouse models: Tau P301S (tauopathy) and 3xTg (AD with Aβ/tau pathology). We conducted chronic intraperitoneal administration of the antibody to evaluate its effects on tau aggregation, synaptic integrity, and cognitive function. Neuropathological changes, synaptic plasticity (through electrophysiology), and behavioral outcomes were analyzed alongside Aβ pathology and neuroinflammation in 3xTg mice. Results Treatment with the anti-Tau N368 antibody significantly diminished neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed of hyperphosphorylated/truncated Tau in both models. Clearance of Tau restored BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic signaling, improved synaptic plasticity, and alleviated cognitive deficits. In 3xTg mice, this treatment also reduced Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation, resulting in enhanced learning and memory. Notably, the antibody’s effectiveness in alleviating both tau and Aβ pathologies indicates a potential interaction between these pathways. Conclusions Targeting Tau N368 through immunotherapy alleviates tau-driven neurodegeneration, restores synaptic function, and improves accompanying Aβ pathology in AD models. Our results confirmed that Tau N368 is an exceptional biomarker and a promising therapeutic target, disrupting AD progression by addressing tau aggregation and its downstream effects.

Steffany J. Fredman, Alyssa A. Gamaldo, August I. C. Jenkins et al.

Black/African American individuals experience high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is frequently chronic and undertreated in this population. Intimate relationships are a salient resource for Black/African American adults’ psychological well-being. To help advance health equity, this study serves as an initial, proof-of-concept investigation of patient outcomes among Black/African American adults who received a disorder-specific couple therapy for PTSD. Participants were a subsample of seven Black/African American adults (mean age = 40.56 years, <i>SD</i> = 10.18; 85.7% male) who participated in an uncontrolled trial of an abbreviated, intensive, multi-couple group version of cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD with 24 military dyads. Treatment was delivered over 2 days in a weekend retreat format. Assessments were administered at baseline, 1 month post-retreat, and 3 months post-retreat. There were large and significant decreases in patients’ PTSD symptoms based on clinicians’ and patients’ ratings (<i>d</i>s −1.37 and −1.36, respectively) by the 3-month follow-up relative to baseline. There were also large and significant decreases in patients’ depressive, anxiety, and anger symptoms (<i>d</i>s −1.39 to −1.93) and a large, marginally significant decrease in patients’ insomnia (<i>d</i> = −0.85; <i>p</i> = 0.083). Patients reported a medium, non-significant increase in relationship satisfaction (<i>d</i> = 0.68; <i>p</i> = 0.146) and a large, marginally significant increase in joint dyadic coping (<i>d</i> = 0.90; <i>p</i> = 0.069). Findings offer preliminary evidence that treating PTSD within a couple context is a relevant strategy to reduce PTSD and comorbid symptoms among partnered Black/African American adults and a promising approach to enhance relationships.

А. В. Даценко, В. Г. Зима, В. Г. Березанський et al.

У даній статті розглядаються підходи щодо обґрунтування характеристик керованих авіаційних засобів ураження (КАЗУ) класу “повітря-повітря” при створенні нових або модернізації існуючих зразків з урахуванням важливості першочергового визначення їх енергобалістичних характеристик (ЕБХ). Процес обчислення енергобалістичних характеристик є складною багаторівневою інженерною задачею, яка оперує великою кількістю вхідної інформації, що може змінюватись в широких межах. Він базується на урахуванні швидкісних та маневрених якостей КАЗУ, які в подальшому визначатимуть загальний обрис, структурну та функціональну складові систем та підсистем перспективного КАЗУ. Запропоновані узагальнена методика та створений на її основі алгоритм розрахунку енергобалістичних характеристик КАЗУ класу “повітря-повітря” дозволяє розрахувати оптимальну пару ЕБХ, враховуючи взаємно-суперечний зв’язок між необхідними маневровими та швидкісними якостями КАЗУ.

Gruia TIMOFTE

The paper highlights, briefly, new developments and approaches, experiments in the modernization of tactical communication systems, the field most requested in theaters of operations. In the second place, the preparatory measures for the transition from analog to digital technology concomitant with the implementation of the new data-centricity concept. The results obtained in scientific research and new and various revolutionary technical products have a strong impact, many of them already requested and purchased. These are presented in the documents developed by specialized bodies at the end of 2023.

FAN Hui-jin, WU Yin-hua, BI Yue, SU Ze-ya

As a high-value target, aircraft carrier formations will inevitably become the focus of drone swarm attacks, and the importance and necessity of Counter-UAV swarm operations are constantly highlighted. The article expounds the characteristics of the threat of UAV swarms faced by aircraft carrier formations, and analyzes the current Counter-UAV swarm combat capability of aircraft carrier formations based on the actual weapons and equipment and tactical tactics, and then proposes future aircraft carrier formations. The capability requirements provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of the aircraft carrier formation Counter-UAV swarm combat plan and the development of future aircraft carrier formation air defense weapons.

Do XH, Le MT, Nguyen TH et al.

Xuan-Hai Do,1 Mai Thi Le,2,3 Thu Huyen Nguyen,2 Thanh Thien Le,2 Xuan-Hung Nguyen,2,4 Thanh Binh Mai,5 Thi My Nhung Hoang,3 Uyen Thi Trang Than2 1Department of Practical and Experimental Surgery, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Center of Applied Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Advance Technologies, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Gastroenterology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, VietnamCorrespondence: Uyen Thi Trang Than, 458 Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84 85662355, Email v.uyenttt@vinmec.comPurpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent type of liver cancer, is mainly diagnosed in the advanced stage, leading to a high mortality rate. Recent advances have identified peripheral cytokines as a potential tool to predict disease outcomes and inform therapeutic decisions. Hence, in this study, we aim to build a predictive model for HCC based on serum levels of different cytokines.Patients and Methods: We used immunoassay to quantify the concentrations of IL-27, MIP-1β, Perforin, sCD137, sFas, and TNF-α in the serum of 38 HCC patients and 15 healthy controls. Logistic regression was then used to construct classification models detecting HCC based on these cytokines. A nomogram of the best-performing model was generated to visualize HCC prediction.Results: sFas and MIP-1β were found to be significantly higher in HCC patients compared to controls. Predictive models based on cytokine levels combining sFas, sCD137, and IL-27 performed the best in distinguishing HCC patients from healthy controls. This model has a bias-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.948, a sensitivity of 92.11%, a specificity of 93.33%, and an accuracy of 0.925.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that serum cytokines have the potential to be utilized in HCC screening to improve detection rates.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, cytokines, serum, biomarkers

Mahdi Gholampoor, Hossein Hedayati, Kamran Rezaei et al.

Research is being conducted to identify internal and external factors impacting the development of quantum computer technology in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. The research method used in this study is descriptive-survey. There are 30 professors of physics departments at army officer universities, managers and experts of the army science and research organization who are working in the field of quantum computer technology in this study. As the sample community has a limited number of members, the whole community is used. Friedman's test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the research data. After analyzing the findings in the matrix (SWOT), it was found that the strategic position of quantum computer technology is in the WO area. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the most important strategic priorities for the development of quantum computer technology in the army are: the weaknesses of the lack of appropriateness of the budget and assigned mission in the army, in the strengths of focusing on applied fields A soldier in the army saw opportunities in the possibility of exploiting the facilities of research centers at the national level.

Xi Li, Yan Li, Jintao Xiao et al.

The aetiology of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains unclear. Here, the authors find that the numbers of DUOX2 + ACE2 + small cholangiocytes in human and mouse livers are inversely associated with disease severity, and present data indicating that they may be the target of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) -mediated humoral responses, suggesting that preservation of these cells and targeting anti-pIgR autoantibodies may be valuable strategies for therapeutic interventions in PBC.

Francisco Neira, Santiago Ribadeneira, Estefania Erazo-Mera et al.

Biodiversity management in Ecuador, and across Latin America, focuses on using protected areas for conservation purposes. However, this management strategy does not adequately consider biodiversity interactions with humans by neglecting socio-ecological systems that provide many benefits especially to indigenous and other rural peoples. This paper reviews successful examples of local applications of adaptive co-management that incorporate socio-ecological interactions and the benefits they provide to rural communities in Latin America. These examples show the potential of applying adaptive co-management to manage biodiversity and to revitalize the development of rural communities across the region.

Ihab Abdulrahman Satam , Mohammed U. Zaenal

Introduction: In 2020, the World Health Organization announced that Corona virus (Covid-19) is a global pandemic. Since then, social distancing and sterilization have become essential as precaution measures to decrease the infection. The risk of Covid virus spread led people, industries as well as governments to implement several approaches to control the transmission rate of the virus. During their daily life activities such as work, shopping, eating, etc. people touch a lot of surfaces and also open a large number of doors. This is considered to be one of the fastest ways to spread viruses because many people touch door handles which are generally rarely cleaned. Method: In this paper, the implementation of a cost-effective smart device has been presented. The device sprays ethanol onto a doorknob from an ethanol sterilizer after any person touches the knob. The sensor detects a hand touching the knob, after that a signal is sent to the Arduino for processing, and then after a 4.5-sec delay, the Arduino sends a signal to the water pump to pump ethanol alcohols through the nozzle directly to the knob. Results: The device shows precise and accurate results regarding the number of uses and the temperature of the surrounding ambient. Conclusion: The system is applicable in offices and public buildings. Due to its functionality, it can be of great assistance in decreasing the contamination of doorknobs.

Qiuxiang Du, Tana Dong, Yuanxin Liu et al.

Wound age estimation is a crucial and challenging problem in forensic pathology. Although mRNA is the most commonly used indicator for wound age estimation, screening criteria are lacking. In the present study, the feasibility of screening criteria using mRNA to determine injury time based on the adenylate-uridylate-rich element (ARE) structure and gene ontology (GO) categories were evaluated. A total of 78 Sprague-Dawley male rats were contused and sampled at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 h after inflicting injury. The candidate mRNAs were classified based on with or without ARE structure and GO category function. The mRNA expression levels were detected using qRT-PCR. In addition, the standard deviation (STD), mean deviation (MD), relative average deviation (d%), and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated based on mRNA expression levels. The CV score (CVs) and the CV of CV (CV’CV) were calculated to measure heterogeneity. Finally, based on classic principles, the accuracy of combination of candidate mRNAs was assessed using discriminant analysis to construct a multivariate model for inferring wound age. The results of homogeneity evaluation of each group based on CVs were consistent with the MD, STD, d%, and CV results, indicating the credibility of the evaluation results based on CVs. The candidate mRNAs without ARE structure and classified as cellular component (CC) GO category (ARE–CC) had the highest CVs, showing the mRNAs with these characteristics are the most homogenous mRNAs and best suited for wound age estimation. The highest accuracy was 91.0% when the mRNAs without ARE structure were used to infer the wound age based on the discrimination model. The accuracy of mRNAs classified into CC or multiple function (MF) GO category was higher than mRNAs in the biological process (BP) category. In all subgroups, the accuracy of the composite identification model of mRNA composition without ARE structure and classified as CC was higher than other subgroups. The mRNAs without ARE structure and belonging to the CC GO category were more homogenous, showed higher accuracy for estimating wound age, and were appropriate for rat skeletal muscle wound age estimation.

D. Teyhen, V. Capaldi, S. Drummond et al.

OBJECTIVE During multi-domain operations (MDO), soldiers need the physical supremacy, cognitive dominance, and emotional resilience to help defend and win our nation's wars. Optimal sleep has been shown to boost physical performance and cognitive processing. This manuscript will discuss how recent advances in sleep science strongly argue for the integration of sleep planning into military operations. DESIGN Review article. METHODS We reviewed the current understanding of how sleep affects Soldier readiness, how sleep and pain are interrelated, and unique challenges to obtaining adequate sleep in military training environments. We then address solutions that can be implemented by leaders and individuals to manage warfighter fatigue and optimize unit performance. RESULTS Since sleep is foundational to soldier health and readiness, improving warfighter fatigue management is a priority for leaders. CONCLUSION To succeed in MDO, military personnel require physical supremacy, cognitive dominance, and emotional resilience to fight and win. Sleep science is a rapidly emerging field, and the clear implications for maximizing human performance argue strongly for more deliberate integration into military training and operations. Leaders that incorporate sleep and fatigue management into the planning and execution phases of operations will help facilitate mission priorities and prove a powerful force multiplier.

Jon Cohen

On 29 February, less than 2 months after the world awakened to the threat of the pandemic coronavirus, virologist Chen Wei, a major general in China9s army, and six military scientists on her team received injections of an experimental COVID-19 vaccine. Chen, a national hero for her work on Ebola vaccines, had come to the initial center of the pandemic, Wuhan, with her group from the Academy of Medical Military Sciences, in part to help make the candidate vaccine with pharmaceutical company CanSino Biologics. In the United States, the Trump administration9s $10.8 billion Operation Warp Speed accelerated vaccine R&D faster than many researchers thought possible. But an equally massive effort has unfolded in China. CanSino and two other Chinese companies are investing substantial resources and testing four candidates in tens of thousands of volunteers around the world. They are likely only days or weeks away from announcing the outcomes of efficacy trials, just behind the encouraging early results recently announced by a brace of companies and institutions outside China.

María del Pilar García-Chitiva

Los avances tecnológicos han permeado todas las formas de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, la instrucción y la capacitación también forman parte de los estudios en los que se documenta el uso de los Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (eva) para determinar el alcance de las tecnologías virtuales en todos los niveles de aprendizaje (desde el aprendizaje de un contenido de una materia en la educación superior hasta la construcción de un barco en la capacitación técnica y laboral). Este artículo tiene dos propósitos. El primero es analizar el estado de la investigación sobre procesos de instrucción mediados por herramientas virtuales. Para ello, se realiza un análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones realizadas entre 1997 y el 2018, indexadas en la base de datos scopus. El segundo propósito es examinar los principales avances presentados en la literatura científica revisada para así determinar los desafíos que enfrentan estudios posteriores, principalmente en lo que respecta a procesos de Instrucción, Entrenamiento y Evaluación en el Puesto de Trabajo (ieept). Dentro de los hallazgos de esta revisión, se estableció que el incipiente proceso de investigación de la instrucción mediada por tecnología explica la falta de publicaciones sobre el tema indexadas en bases de datos internacionales. También se estableció que, mediante el empleo de las herramientas disponibles para los procesos de instrucción, como simuladores y software, se pueden adelantar procesos de investigación similares a los documentados en este artículo.

Saeed Hadavand

Improving the defense capability and strengthening the security and authority of the country, along with the advancement of technology, requires that the staff of the Ministry of Defense with serious determination and comprehensive effort, get acquainted with new sciences and technologies that have led to changes in the type of war and the need for effective defense. In this research, the necessity of foresight in training efficient human resources in the armed forces and the future research approach in human resource development were investigated by an explanatory-analytical method and based on the ideas of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces and referring to reliable information bases. The results showed that in the opinion of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces, the only sure way to increase organizational capabilities is to adopt a forward-looking approach in the face of environmental changes. Accordingly, the Ministry Of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics, as a human-centered organization, must increase the level of learning and scientific and practical abilities of its employees in pre-emptive action and with continuous monitoring of environmental developments and new defense technologies to face new paradigms and crises that make it difficult to provide proper service.

A. Leeds

V. Vavilov

M. A. Kelly, J. Comberiate, E. Miller et al.