Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Masahiko Todoriki

Urban snow management systems are typically treated as logistical operations to remove and dispose of excess snow. However, the Sapporo Glacier concept reframes municipal snow management within a cryospheric systems framework, transforming urban snow accumulation into a controlled cryospheric process that interacts with climate and urban energy systems. This paper presents a hypothesis-driven scoping concept, the Sapporo Glacier, as a conceptual framework for Urban Cryosphere Engineering, which seeks to design and control the long-term storage, insulation, and metamorphism of urban snow using bounded, first-order physical reasoning rather than site-calibrated performance prediction to create a glacier possessing glacier ice (as classically defined) and measurable flow. Using Sapporo City’s existing snow-depot infrastructure as a reference model, the framework integrates physical modeling (degree-day method and simplified energy-balance considerations), surface control through organic mulch, and seasonal monitoring to delineate feasible design regimes for optimizing the thermal state of accumulated snow. Beyond technical feasibility, it emphasizes socio-environmental integration, envisioning snow storage as both a climate-adaptive infrastructure and a cultural landscape that connects citizens to seasonal cycles. Importantly, meltwater released from such an urban glacier during summer may generate a localized, testable nearshore thermal signal, enabling empirical evaluation of coastal cryosphere–ocean interactions. This hypothesis-driven, conceptual approach aims to establish an interdisciplinary foundation for future empirical studies and design experiments, rather than to deliver predictive site-specific outcomes, toward the realization of urban glaciers as sustainable and ecological elements of city life.

Marcel Moran

Starting in 2017, a new public demonstration called "People Protected Bike Lanes" (PPBL) took place in San Francisco, in which participants stand on the street in a line between cyclists and car traffic to demonstrate the inadequacy of existing bicycle infrastructure. Between 2017-2023, there were at least 55 PPBL demonstrations in 25 different cities in 11 countries. At more than half of the streets in which PPBL were held, protected bike lanes were later installed. PPBL's straightforward arrangement, legibility to news media, and participants' use of online social networks have likely contributed to its considerable global spread, and influence on bike-lane upgrades.

Nancy Lamenza Sholl da Silva, Maria Tavares Cavalcanti, Emiliano de Camargo David et al.

Esse trabalho pretende apresentar reflexões sobre uma experiência educacional na pós-graduação no campo da atenção psicossocial a partir de três questões: Quais existências se erguem e que corpos carregamos quando conjugamos o verbo aquilombar? Quais existências se erguem e que corpos carregamos quando reforçamos ou desconstruímos a branquitude? Quais existências se erguem e que corpos carregamos quando produzimos e legitimamos saberes decoloniais/contracoloniais? Essas questões surgem do desafio de constituir uma prática educacional decolonial antirracista. As aulas se transformaram numa experiência de coletivo que vem funcionando há um ano e meio, sua composição inclui relações intergeracionais, interraciais, interprofissionais, trabalhadores do “front” da saúde e da educação e ouvintes. Aquelas/es que trazem as marcas e traumas do colonialismo e da colonialidade têm que assentar-se em experiências de despedaçamentos e refazimentos de si. Essa é a mais visceral prática educacional à qual somos condenados. A principal característica de uma educação antirracista contracolonial/decolonial é aquela que forma e cultiva ouvintes e ouvidos.

Madison Wesenberg, Sandy Jung, John Tedeschini

Coercively controlling behaviours are highly prevalent in the context of intimate partner violence. However, coercive control often goes undetected because, unlike physical violence, it has not always been recognized as a criminal offence, is often perceived as less severe, and does not produce visible signs of physical violence. This paper outlines the importance of understanding what coercive control is, what coercive control looks like, why it is difficult to identify, and how investigative interviewing approaches can be employed to capture behaviours associated with coercive control when working with individuals who have engaged in partner abuse. Investigative interviewing approaches and motivational interviewing can help uncover coercively controlling behaviours that would otherwise be undetected by police and other justice-involved practitioners. Use of these approaches are illustrated to emphasize the importance of planning and preparation prior to the interview process, establishing rapport, and creating collaborative, non-adversarial relationships between the interviewer and the interviewee. These factors are likely to increase the quantity and quality of information gathered during the interview process, capture the nuances of coercive control, and reduce the likelihood that the interviewee will engage in controlling behaviours that could negatively impact the interview process.

Setsuko Onoda

Abstract Vulnerability in disaster contexts involves two key issues: firstly, post-disaster recovery is often seen as an opportunity not only to rebuild damaged systems and restore communities to their pre-disaster state but also to improve components and conditions to create more resilient social systems. Secondly, reconstructing the environment, landscape, and infrastructure exactly as they were before the disaster often reinstates the same vulnerabilities that existed previously. From a homeostasis perspective, vulnerabilities can be categorised into two types: those resulting from inaction and the accumulation of difficulties over time, and those triggered by sudden impacts such as natural disasters. If we view vulnerabilities as part of the regional complementary process, they can serve as multi-faceted political vectors for reform. To achieve genuine recovery, it is essential to adopt homeostasis as a guiding principle for political reform, eliminating institutionalised discrimination and fostering diverse, adaptive mechanisms within regional systems.

Dustin Tahisin Gómez Rodríguez, Miguel Arturo Aguirre Nieto

The Department of Caquetá is located in the Amazon region of the Colombian state. Since its creation in the 19th century, it has been neglected by institutions, which has contributed, among other variables, to socio-economic and socio-environmental problems that have increased with the incursion of coca cultivation. Quantitative data on competitiveness and poverty reduction are among the lowest among the other departments of the South American country. Therefore, the general objective of the article was to characterize the results of the intervention of a pro-ject carried out by Pastoral Social Caritas Colombia and Caritas Norway in 5 municipalities of the department in the period 2018-2022 to develop food sovereignty and security in 400 farming families. The methodology, methods, and instruments are based on the Theory of Change and MEAL: Monitoring, Evaluating, All Counts and Learning used by Pastoral Social Caritas Colombia. The main conclusion is that the project's contribution to civil society focuses on strengthening organizations to enable them to move forward in spaces that can transform productivity and the recognition of rights by the department's population.

Davis W. Houck

1963 was a defining year in James Baldwin’s life as a public intellectual. Beginning in January with a trip to Jackson, Mississippi, and closing at a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee conference in Washington, DC, Baldwin often frequented the speaking rostrum. On October 7, he spoke at a Freedom Day event organized by SNCC’s Jim Forman in Selma, Alabama. That speech, recorded by a private citizen and heretofore unremarked upon, can be productively read as part of Baldwin’s ongoing radicalization, away from a solution that privileged rhetorical (re)invention and toward destructive and collective acts designed to subvert American capitalism. At another register, Baldwin’s speech functioned as an important culmination to an eight-month campaign to bring voting rights—and the federal government—to Dallas County, Alabama.

Jesus Donaire-Avila, Amadeo Benavent-Climent, Fabrizio Mollaioli

It is widely accepted in the seismic design of buildings a certain level of damage under moderate or severe seismic actions but preventing the damage concentration in them. On the other hand, the energy-based design methodology proposes an optimum strength distribution for designing the structure of the building aimed at achieving an approximated even distribution of the damage—energy dissipated by plastic deformations—under seismic actions. Different approaches for the optimum strength distribution have been proposed in both existing literature and standards. Most of them were formulated from the results obtained in non-linear numeric evaluations of elastic-perfectly plastic (EPP) structures, such as the findings proposed recently by the authors of this study. However, studies on the optimum strength distributions of reinforced concrete (RC) structures are scarce. The present study sheds light on this issue. Accordingly, the structures of four prototype buildings with 3, 6, 9, and 12 stories were designed through an energy-based method by using five approaches for the optimum strength distribution: those proposed by the authors and two others from the literature and standards. Then, different prototypes of the structures arose considering the different approaches for the optimum strength distribution, two soil classes (dense and medium dense), and two ductility levels (low and high). Such prototype structures were subjected to two sets of far-field ground motion records by using three different constitutive models for the shear force-interstory drift relationship: EPP, Clough model, and Modified Clough model. The first characterizes the steel structures and the rest are typical for RC structures. A complete analysis was carried out to obtain the distribution of damage for EPP and RC structures, their deviations with respect to the “ideal” even distribution of damage, and the possible damage concentration on specific stories. RC structures showed a higher dispersion for the distribution of damage than EPP structures although those designed with the optimum strength distributions proposed by the authors showed the lowest values in the order of those obtained with EPP structures designed with optimum strength distributions proposed in the literature.

Sam Bliss, Alexandra Bramsen, Raven Graziano et al.

It has become fashionable to call for ending food charity. Anti-hunger activists and scholars advocate instead for ensuring through government programs that everybody has enough money or vouchers to purchase all the food they need. Their criticisms rightly denounce charitable food for being incapable of eradicating hunger, but they neglect the advantages that charity confers as a non-market food practice—that is, an activity that produces or distributes food that is not for sale. Our interviews with non-market food practitioners in the Brattleboro, Vermont, area demonstrated that distributing food for free strengthens relationships, fosters resilience, puts edible-but-not-sellable food to use, and aligns with an alternative, non-market vision of a desirable food future. Interviewees suggested that market food systems, in which food is distributed via selling it, cannot replicate these benefits. Yet food pantries and soup kitchens tend to imitate supermarkets and restaurants—their market counterparts—since purchasing food is considered the dignified way to feed oneself in a market economy. We suggest that charities might do well to emphasize the benefits specific to non-market food rather than suppressing those benefits by mimicking markets. But charities face limits to making their food distribution dignified, since they are essentially hierarchies that funnel gifts from well-off people to poor people. Food sharing among equals is an elusive ambition in this highly unequal world, yet it is only by moving in this direction that non-market food distribution can serve society without stigmatizing recipients.

Rabiya Hanif, Wedzerai S. Musvoto

Background: Reliable and adequate healthcare funding is crucial in public healthcare service delivery. However, district hospitals in Malawi, face funding challenges as evidenced by poor service delivery. Aim: This study aimed at investigating funding challenges experienced by public district hospitals of Malawi in the provision of healthcare services and proposing strategies for improved funding. Setting: The research presented in this article evaluates funding challenges in the public healthcare sector in Malawi, a developing country. Method: An exploratory sequential mixed method design was used. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 purposively selected individuals and were analysed thematically. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires from 328 respondents. Quantitative data underwent factor and univariate analysis. Results: The study revealed that government funding is received late and is inadequate; donor funding was declining and earmarked for specific health activities; while income generation capacity of hospitals and Councils is weak. The study suggests that hospitals should introduce fees for service, government should be lobbied for increased funding allocations, and revenue–generating capacity of hospitals and Councils should be enhanced. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is an urgent need for government to prioritise the healthcare delivery sector and increase its funding. Hospitals and Councils should be innovative in order to generate additional funding for operations and the revenue generation capacity of hospitals and Councils should thus, be enhanced. Contribution: The study adds to the healthcare funding debate in developing countries by providing a context–specific analysis of healthcare funding challenges and suggesting improvement strategies.

Bryann Avendano-Uribe, Heide Lukosch, Mark Milke

Resilience has become a fundamental paradigm for communities to deal with disaster planning. Formal methods are used to prioritise and decide about investments for resilience. Strategies and behaviour need to be developed that cannot be based on formal modelling only because the human element needs to be incorporated to build community resilience. Participatory modelling and gaming are methodological approaches that are based on realistic data and address human behaviour. These approaches enable stakeholders to develop, adjust, and learn from interactive models and use this experience to inform their decision-making. In our contribution, we explore which physical and digital elements from serious games can be used to design a participatory approach in community engagement and decision-making. Our ongoing research aims to bring multiple stakeholders together to understand, model, and decide on the trade-offs and tensions between social and infrastructure investments toward community resilience building. Initial observations allow us as researchers to systematically document the benefits and pitfalls of a game-based approach. We will continue to develop a participatory modelling exercise for resilience planning with university graduate students and resilience experts within academia in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Anuj Singh, Ashish Kumar Sharma, Amit Kumar et al.

Background: Malnutrition remains the ever challenging, public health concern irrespective of age and economic status. Although nutrition is essential irrespective of age but it has peerless role in the school days. The present study was conducted to assess the socio-economic predisposing factors of malnutrition among school children in the Bareilly district of North India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Bareilly district of North India. A total of 465 school children were examined for nutritional status and socio-economic factors responsible for malnutrition. Applying multi-stage random sampling technique and pretested, pre-validated schedule was used for data collection which was compiled and analysed with Epi-Info software version 7. Results: The study revealed 40% prevalence of malnutrition among school children. Socio- demographic factors such as gender, caste, type of family and residence were found statistically significant different with nutritional status of child (p<0.05).  However, socio economic factors such as parental education, employment and socio economic conditions were discovered inversely related with malnutrition (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study indicates the necessity to accelerate the government’s coping strategies to win over malnutrition in especially in underserved population of country.

Marcel E. Moran

Paris bypassed standard-construction processes to rapidly expand its bike-lane network amidst COVID-19. This study analyses these new lanes in terms of their design, spatial footprint, and relationship to the pre-COVID network. Municipal data, street imagery, and in-person observations demonstrate that Paris’s new ‘pop-up’ lanes are a higher share bi-directional than the pre-COVID network (49% vs. 39%), a higher share more protected (77% vs. 73%), and average a higher number of interconnections. These 47 kilometers connect the city’s peripheral ring to its inner core, primarily represent new lanes as opposed to upgrades of existing lanes (66% vs. 33%), and replace both traffic lanes and on-street parking.

Mohammed Jibrin Katun, Sulyman Aremu Olanrewaju, Aliyu Abdullahi Alhaji

Urban densification has attracted much attention in recent times, particularly in addressing certain urban problems such as urban sprawl and promoting compact development, though problems of unplanned densification are yet to be addressed in the literature. This paper examines space and time dynamics of urban densification, where patterns and changes in the residential densification of Bida urban area in Nigeria are assessed. The study relied on point features representing buildings for the years 2008, 2013, and 2018 digitized using ArcGIS 10.6. The data were analysed using Point Density spatial method to develop the spatiotemporal models which were further reclassified into three categories: low, medium, and high densities, respectively. The paper has found out that residential densities increase along the urban-rural gradient with clear evidence for unplanned urban densification as a result of the organic growth. Therefore, there is the need for planned densification in urban development which can curb the increasing residential density that reduces green and open spaces.

Albi Paramasatya, Iwan Rudiarto

Regional development in Indonesia has rapid progress along with the central government's policies in equitable development. Global phenomenon to encourage equitable regional development, each country takes the initiative to develop industrial cluster policies. This study aims to analyze implications of determination a growth centre of industrial region to land use changes. Output of this study expected identify how many area implicated to land use changes and land conversion that occur. This study is located in Majalengka Regency as one of  growth centre of industrial region . The method used in this study is the LULC Method (Land Use Land Changes) and Overlay (Georeferencing) Method. The result shows determination  growth centre of industrial region have implications in land use changes. The implication in the form of considerable land conversion. This implication occurs in locations that are designated as industrial growth centers and around these locations. In addition, the implications of  determination  growth centre of industrial region  are in the form of expansion of land to surrounding industrial areas.

Sudadi Sudadi, Suryono Suryono, Suwarto Suwarto

Program IbM ini bekerjasama dengan dua mitra, yaitu: (1) UKM Pengusaha Batu Bata “Suko Makmur”, dan (2) Kelompok Tani “Krido Tani”. Mitra (1) berlokasi di Dusun Tulakan, Desa Sukoharjo, Kecamatan Tirtomoyo, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Bidang usaha yang dikembangkan oleh mitra (1) tersebut adalah usaha pembuatan batu bata. Mitra (2) juga berlokasi di Dusun Tulakan, Desa Sukoharjo, Kecamatan Tirtomoyo, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Bidang usaha yang dikembangkan oleh mitra (2) tersebut adalah usaha pertanian tanaman padi. Mitra (1) dan Mitra (2) berjarak tempuh sekitar 65 km dari Fakultas Pertanian UNS. Permintaan konsumen terhadap batu bata tiada henti sejalan dengan pembangunan yang ada di wilayah tersebut. Permasalahan utama Mitra 1 (UKM Pengusaha Batu Bata “Suko Makmur yaitu hampir setiap hari membutuhkan tanah yang teksturnya halus sebagai bahan pembuat batu bata. Dalam satu minggu UKM ini rata-rata membutuhkan sekitar 5 truk tanah atau 30 ton per minggu setara dengan 120 ton per bulan. Untuk mendapatkan tanah tersebut relatif sulit. Selain hal tersebut dalam pembakaran batu bata menghasilkan limbah yang sangat banyak, berupa abu (abu sekam padi atau abu kayu bakar). Setiap kali bakar membutuhkan sekitar 3 ton sekam padi dan 1 ton kayu bakar, yang akan menghasilkan limbah sekitar 0,5 ton abu. Apabila hal ini tidak digunakan akan menumpuk sebagai limbah. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mitra (1) adalah menghubungkan/mempertemukan dengan petani yang mempunyai tanah-tanah yang lahannya berteras kecil/sempit untuk diperlebar yang merupakan permasalahan mitra (2). Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mitra (2) adalah memperlebar teras tanah dari 2 sampai 3 bidang teras menjadi 1 bidang teras dan memulihkan tingkat kesuburan/kualitas tanah bekas galian pengambilan bahan baku batu bata, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan abu limbah pembakaran batu bata yang menjadi permasalahan mitra (1). Hasil kegiatan adalah bahan pembuatan batu bata bagi pengusaha batu bata (Mitra 1) berupa tanah lempung yang diambil dari bagian sawah yang lebih tinggi, milik Mitra 2. Sedangkan hasil kegiatan yang diperoleh oleh Mitra 2 adalah bentuk lahan yang rata sehingga lahan sawahnya lebih luas. Hal ini akan lebih memudahkan untuk penggarapan tanahnya karena dapat dikerjakan dengan traktor tangan. Sebelumnya tidak bisa diolah dengan traktor tangan karena sempitnya lahan. Kedua mitra memperoleh manfaat ekonomi yang cukup besar karena bagi Mitra 1 tanah lempung adalah bahan utama pembuatan batu bata. Tanpa bahan tersebut usaha akan berhenti karena tidak bisa berproduksi. Sebaiknya bagi Mitra 2 mendapatkan manfaat berupa efisiensi biaya dan waktu pengolahan tanah (lahan) yang sangat signifikan.

Haley Rose Fauland

G Gordon Worley III

The first group to build artificial general intelligence or AGI stands to gain a significant strategic and market advantage over competitors, so companies, universities, militaries, and other actors have strong incentives to race to build AGI first. An AGI race would be dangerous, though, because it would prioritize capabilities over safety and increase the risk of existential catastrophe. A self-regulatory organization (SRO) for AGI may be able to change incentives to favor safety over capabilities and encourage cooperation rather than racing.

Michael Wielink

Abstract: The turn of the nineteenth century was an extremely dynamic and formative time in Canadian history as it defined its “imagined community.” Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities espoused nation and nationalism through his concept as “imagined communities,” both politically and culturally. “National identities are imagined as both intrinsically limited and sovereign. The nation is imagined as limited because, no matter the size or scope, it is finite in its inclusion and there is always “others” beyond its borders.” Through research on suffragist writings from both men and women, suffragist organizations membership, documents written about the future of Canada, and the concept of maternal feminism there remained a majority of people committed to a future “White Anglo-Saxon Protestant” nation. The women’s suffragist movement and “maternal feminism,” intertwined with nationalism, created a reciprocal effect, which established an “imagined community” that included those who belonged and “others” who clearly did not. Suffragist, armed with new found political influence, endorsed policies of assimilation or legislation to keep Canada from accepting people of “degenerating” races or religions. Clearly, nationalism and an emerging Canadian identity had profound influences on the suffragist movement and maternal feminism, causing once a once marginalized gender to now subjugate “others” based on class, race or religion.

Wonke Buqa