Hasil untuk "Language and Literature"

K. Lassen, M. Soop, J. Nygren et al.

M. Oray, Khawla Abu Samra, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib et al.

R. Jakobson

K. Stanovich

Judith Aissen

Kimberly G Noble, Kimberly G Noble, M. Norman et al.

Leong Lai Mei, Ahmadi Masoumeh

Speaking is one of the most important skills to be developed and enhanced as means of effective communication. Speaking skill is regarded one of the most difficult aspects of language learning. Many language learners find it difficult to express themselves in spoken language. They are generally facing problems to use the foreign language to express their thoughts effectively. They stop talking because they face psychological obstacles or cannot find the suitable words and expressions. The modern world of media and mass communication requires good knowledge of spoken English. This paper aims at establishing the need to focus on the factors affecting on language learners’ English speaking skill. This review paper traces out the body of research concerning the term speaking, the importance of speaking, characteristics of speaking performance, speaking problems, and factors affecting speaking performance. According to the review of literature, appropriate speaking instruction was found to be the learners’ priority and a field in which they need more attention. This study can be useful to teachers and researchers to consider their language learners’ speaking needs in English language teaching and learning context.

J. Laborda

M. Czerny, Martin Christlbauer, Monika Christlbauer et al.

B. Jernudd

Inge-Marie Eigsti, A. D. Marchena, Jillian M. Schuh et al.

Сергей Соковиков

В статье рассматривается светская сакральность как самостоятельное и самодостаточное явление современного социокультурного пространства. Содержание и специфика светской сакральности анализируется в сопоставлении с религиозными проявлениями этого феномена. Установлено, что светский модус сакральности включает деятельность субъекта, принадлежащего имманентному миру. Это порождает особый процесс сакрализации объектов реальных социокультурных сфер, воплощаемый во множестве вариантов. В соответствии с особенностями светской сакрализации она образует специфичную ей трансцендентность как сферу пребывания возвышенных образов, передающих ценностно-смысловое значение сакрализуемых в светском пространстве объектов. Самостоятельное существование светской сакральности не препятствует ее взаимодействию с сакральностью религиозной, порождая их различные сочетания. Верификация теоретических положений, представленных в тексте, производилась через обращение к системным («гражданская религия»), артефактным (Вечный огонь) и деятельностным (государственный праздник) вариантам воплощения светской сакральности в социокультурных практиках.

Michał Mróz

The author explores the issue of “ludonarrative dissonance”, a term developed by the game designer C. Hocking in his critique of the game BioShock. The author explains Hocking’s arguments and then expands on the term, disagreeing with Hocking. In the case of BioShock, the author interprets the dissonance not as a design flaw but as a deliberate narrative strategy that momentarily distances the player from the game’s fiction to emphasize its metanarrative dimension. The author argues that ludonarrative dissonance is itself part of videogame poetics, thus echoing the works of F. Seraphine and P. Grabarczyk & B.W. Kampmann. The author then examines how ludonarrative dissonance may appear in vast, nonlinear open-world cRPGs. An analysis of examples from The Elder Scrolls: Skyrim, Fallout 3, and Fallout 4 reveals various instances of unintended dissonance. Finally, the author compares these games to Fallout: New Vegas, presenting it as an example of harmonizing the narrative – the main motifs and story – with the narrativity of gameplay, including rules, mechanics, and vast player agency.

G. Hall, Guy Cook

Alissa K. Levy, A. Perry

Donato Pirovano

La sostanza onirica è una componente importante della narrazione e della sostanza epifanica che caratterizza la Vita nova. Collocati in punti strategici della storia, tutti convergenti verso il (o dal) kérigma della morte o meglio assunzione al cielo di Beatrice, questi episodi si configurano come premonizioni e come aperture dell’orizzonte narrativo. In questo contributo sono analizzate le due, forse tre visiones in somniis, che si trovano rispettivamente nei paragrafi III, XII e XLII. Nella comune dimensione onirica e nella prefigurazione di qualcosa che avverrà tutte e tre mantengono un carattere enigmatico.

J. Boucher

Nurul Hakimah

This pre-experimental study examines the effectiveness of project-based learning (PBL) on the writing skills of Class 9D students at SMP Negeri 48 Surabaya during the academic year 2022/2023, specifically focusing on procedure text. The goal is to enhance students’ writing abilities, particularly in the area of procedural writing. The study involves a single group of 42 students from Class 9D, selected through convenience sampling. The intervention consists of implementing PBL, where students actively engage in hands-on activities, collaborative projects, and authentic writing tasks related to procedure texts. The intervention period is designated for active student participation in procedure text-based projects. Pre-test and post-test assessments evaluate the impact of PBL on writing skills, considering criteria such as organization, clarity, coherence, and language proficiency. The analysis compares the writing scores from these assessments. The findings aim to provide insights into the effectiveness of PBL in enhancing students’ writing skills within the context of procedure text. Implications of the study suggest that implementing PBL strategies in writing instruction offers significant benefits to students. Authentic tasks and hands-on experiences foster creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Educators can incorporate PBL into procedure text instruction based on these findings. Integrating PBL strategies into the curriculum enhances students’ writing skills. Providing professional development opportunities assists teachers in designing and implementing effective PBL activities. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of PBL on writing skills across different genres and grade levels.

Samira ALLAM IDDOU

Abstract : It is advisable in this article to be interested in the characteristics of the literary text which appears as the main tool in the teaching / learning of a foreign language namely the French language. Indeed, in the present study, we shall have to review some concepts like text, literature or even a literary fact, in order to show that literature has its place in FLE courses, and that any return to literary text as medium and model of the teaching / learning of FLE, turns out crucial for essentially establishing in the learner productive competencies in French. Keywords:  literature – Language - French as a foreign language

த. நர்மதா/T. Narmatha, முனைவர் ரா. தேவணன்/Dr R. Devanan

Lives are multifaceted. Humans have advanced life than other species. They stretch life through relationships. They live by various morals. A poet has multi-faceted intellect and creates work from his thoughts. That was the way the ancient people become aware of the richness of the times and to live in harmony with the virtues of the people. Tamil literature records these elements. Literature is created by the life experiences of the people to stimulate people's interest not only in reading but to foster moral virtues of life. Life can be with different characters and there are ways to keep people with certain relationship. Friendship is categorized as a leading role and supporting role in literatures. Friendship is one of the very important relationships in everyones lives. In the Sangam literature, the Heroine (Thalaivi) is most commonly found with a friend (Thozhi). The friend is the one who supports to the love of the heroine and offers comfort to her in the event of a hero's separation and expresses her love to the hero. Friends form a relationship in which the heroine plays a greater role and leads their lives in a better way. In common, the nurse's daughter becomes a friend. Apart from these, Sangam literature does not record the personal biography of the friend. There are very few records of a friend who is the character who travels with the hero and heroine. The companion participates as a companion in the five msjot Tamil epics. Their personal lives can also be seen in the minority. This article describes the role of such friends through the epics.