Measurements of jet substructure are key to probing the energy frontier at colliders, and many of them use track-based observables which take advantage of the angular precision of tracking detectors. Theoretical calculations of track-based observables require ‘track functions’, which characterize the transverse momentum fraction rq carried by charged hadrons from a fragmenting quark or gluon. This letter presents a direct measurement of rq distributions in dijet events from the 140 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. The data are corrected for detector effects using machine-learning methods. The scale evolution of the moments of the rq distribution is sensitive to non-linear renormalization group evolution equations of QCD, and is compared with analytic predictions. When incorporated into future theoretical calculations, these results will enable a precision program of theory-data comparison for track-based jet substructure observables.
The thematization of sacrifice, although important in Adorno's work, is more often than not subjacent, developed indirectly and through the interpretation of the Odyssey. Our aim is to help reveal its modalities, its historicity and its stakes by comparing it with René Girard's mimetic theory, in which the conversion of the victim mechanism into sociogenetic sacrifice is decisive. After presenting the argument which posits sacrifice as a necessary form of violence, because of its social meaning, we return to the place of sacrifice in Girard's work before sketching out in which way this could clarify Adorno’s historicization and social recontextualization of it.
The article discusses the reception of Russian nihilism in French thought during the 1870s and 1890s. During this time, there was a surge in interest in Russian literature in France, leading to the emergence of codes, images, and narratives related to Russian culture in France’s intellectual sphere. Among these, “Russian nihilism” and the “Russian novel” stood out. The article examines the history of Russian novels published during this period, as well as the reception of nihilism and Russian novels in critical French thought. It compares the concept of the “Russian novel,” as described by E.M. de Vogüé, with that of the novel of Russian nihilism, as described by F. Brunetière. The article discusses the contrast between two interpretations of the Russian novel in France, highlighting the complexity of its institutionalization. It oscillates between the “European” (naturalistic novel) and “oriental” (exotic novel) models, reflecting the different perceptions of Russian literature by French readers. The article also explores how the popularity of Russian novels was shaped by France’s colonial policies in the 19th century and how this led to a reflection on French political and social identity through the lens of literature.
Sarah Tebeka, Christophe Gauld, Raoul Belzeaux
et al.
Abstract
Introduction
Major depression episode (MDE) and postpartum depression (PPD) have the same diagnosis criteria, but dissimilarities may be present regarding the frequency and structure of depressive symptoms.
Methods
We used data from the IGEDEPP Cohort (France) to examine DSM-5 depressive symptoms in two groups of women: 486 with PPD and 871 with a history of non-perinatal MDE. We compare (i) the frequency of each depressive symptom adjusted for the severity of depression, (ii) the global structure of depressive symptom networks, and (iii) the centrality of each symptom in the two networks.
Results
Women with PPD were significantly more likely to have appetite disturbance, psychomotor symptoms, and fatigue than those with MDE, while sadness, anhedonia, sleep disturbance, and suicidal ideation were significantly less common. There were no significant differences in the global structure of depressive symptoms of MDE and PPD. However, the most central criterion of the MDE network was “Sadness” while it was “Suicidal ideations” for the PPD network. “Sleep” and “Suicidal ideations” criteria were more central for PPD network, whereas “Culpability” was more important for MDE network than for PPD network.
Conclusion
We found differences in depressive symptoms expression between PPD and MDE, which justify continuing to clinically distinguish PPD from MDE.
Anjali Sharma, Rohit Sharma, Madhurima Sharma
et al.
Type of study: Original Research. Aims: To comparatively evaluate the effect of different premedication agents on the efficacy of 4% Articaine in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and methods: The primary objective of our study is to evaluate the effect of premedication agents on efficacy of Articaine as an oral anesthetic. Our secondary objective is to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of Diclofenac patch, Ibuprofen tablet, Paracetamol tablet and Placebo as a premedication agent. Patients with 25–40 years age, no systemic disease, no history of medication for that complaint, with pain on Heft Parker Visual Analog Scale between 55 mm and 170 mm (VAS), no tenderness on percussion, cold test and EPT negative- Positive, giving proper consent, coming to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics were allowed to participate. The exclusion criteria include the following- Non-vital teeth, pregnant and lactating women, allergic to Articaine and NSAIDs, active systemic disease, immune-compromised patients, taken analgesics in last 24 h, root fractures, restoration extending to pulp10 and periapical pathologies (except periodontal ligament widening).Preoperatively pain was recorded using Heft Parker VAS (Visual Analog Scale). Cold testing, palpation, percussion and EPT were carried out. 40 patients having symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into 4 groups: group 1 Placebo (n = 10), group 2-Diclofenac patch (n = 10), group-3 Ibuprofen tablets (n = 10), group 4-Paracetamol tablets (n = 10). After 1 h of premedication, all patients were administered IANB injection using 4% Articaine (Septanest with adrenaline 1/100000, Septodont, France) containing epinephrine 1:100000. 15 mins after administration of IANB, patients were asked about symptomatic numbness and was tested with Endo frost and EPT and Outcome was recorded. If lip numbness was present, Electric Pulp Testing and Cold Test give negative result then endodontic access opening was performed and pain was recorded using visual analog scale. The study was conducted for a period of 1.5 years. Results: During the access cavity preparation only 1 subject in the Group III reported pain while in other groups none of the subjects reported pain of any type. When the intergroup comparison was made of intensity of pain 15 min after LA and during access cavity preparation, the difference between the groups was statistically non-significant when analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The intragroup comparison between three time intervals revealed significant reduction in the pain scores from the pre-treatment levels in all the four groups. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that there is no significant effect of different premedication agents on the efficacy of 4% Articaine in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
French historians have, since the beginning of the 20th century, maintained complex and ambivalent relationships with Marxism. This article proposes to reconstitute some main lines of this difficult, bitter, and always repeated encounter. The points of entry of Marxism into the field of history in France reveal these nascent frictions: the work À la lumière du marxisme published in 1935 as well as the issue of the young Annales devoted to technique instruct a critical junction; the Trotskyist approaches of Daniel Guérin are the subject of very virulent criticism. The places where historical Marxism is expressed are multiplying: from La Nouvelle Critique to La Pensée some spaces are open to historians interested in Marxism without being communists. Marxism has crystallized among French historians a series of rhetorical and epistemic tensions around the supposed determinism and mechanism of the processes brought to light by Marx. Finally, criticisms and debates (around the work of Braudel, the Asian mode of production and the relationship between feudalism and revolution) have contributed to making Marxism an important focal point of French historiography.
Neil M. Dawson, Brendan Coolsaet, Eleanor J. Sterling
et al.
Debate about what proportion of the Earth to protect often overshadows the question of how nature should be conserved and by whom. We present a systematic review and narrative synthesis of 169 publications investigating how different forms of governance influence conservation outcomes, paying particular attention to the role played by Indigenous peoples and local communities. We find a stark contrast between the outcomes produced by externally controlled conservation, and those produced by locally controlled efforts. Crucially, most studies presenting positive outcomes for both well-being and conservation come from cases where Indigenous peoples and local communities play a central role, such as when they have substantial influence over decision making or when local institutions regulating tenure form a recognized part of governance. In contrast, when interventions are controlled by external organizations and involve strategies to change local practices and supersede customary institutions, they tend to result in relatively ineffective conservation at the same time as producing negative social outcomes. Our findings suggest that equitable conservation, which empowers and supports the environmental stewardship of Indigenous peoples and local communities represents the primary pathway to effective long-term conservation of biodiversity, particularly when upheld in wider law and policy. Whether for protected areas in biodiversity hotspots or restoration of highly modified ecosystems, whether involving highly traditional or diverse and dynamic local communities, conservation can become more effective through an increased focus on governance type and quality, and fostering solutions that reinforce the role, capacity, and rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities. We detail how to enact progressive governance transitions through recommendations for conservation policy, with immediate relevance for how to achieve the next decade's conservation targets under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.
Maciek Wielgus, Kazunori Akiyama, Lindy Blackburn
et al.
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has recently delivered the first resolved images of M87*, the supermassive black hole in the center of the M87 galaxy. These images were produced using 230 GHz observations performed in 2017 April. Additional observations are required to investigate the persistence of the primary image feature—a ring with azimuthal brightness asymmetry—and to quantify the image variability on event horizon scales. To address this need, we analyze M87* data collected with prototype EHT arrays in 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2013. While these observations do not contain enough information to produce images, they are sufficient to constrain simple geometric models. We develop a modeling approach based on the framework utilized for the 2017 EHT data analysis and validate our procedures using synthetic data. Applying the same approach to the observational data sets, we find the M87* morphology in 2009–2017 to be consistent with a persistent asymmetric ring of ∼40 μ as diameter. The position angle of the peak intensity varies in time. In particular, we find a significant difference between the position angle measured in 2013 and 2017. These variations are in broad agreement with predictions of a subset of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We show that quantifying the variability across multiple observational epochs has the potential to constrain the physical properties of the source, such as the accretion state or the black hole spin.
Lorraine Poncet, Henri Panjo, Armelle Andro
et al.
Migrant women in industrialised countries experience high caesarean section (CS) rates but little is known about the effect of a previous delivery in the host country. This study set out to investigate this effect among migrant women in France, using data from the DSAFHIR study on healthcare access of migrant women living in emergency housing hotels, collected in the Paris Metropolitan area in 2017. Respondents reported life-long history of deliveries. We focused on deliveries occurring in France in 2000–2017: 370 deliveries reported by 242 respondents. We conducted chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regressions, adjusting for the clustering of deliveries among respondents by computing standard errors allowing for intragroup correlation. Mode of delivery was associated with duration of residence among multiparous women with no prior CS, with a higher CS rate with shorter duration of residence (16% vs. 7%, p = 0.04). In this group, a previous delivery in France was associated with a lower CS rate (5% vs. 16%, p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, compared with women with previous birth in France, women giving birth in France for the first time had a higher risk of CS, regardless of duration of residence (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.3–12.1 for respondents with short duration of residence, aOR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.2–18.0 for respondents with longer duration of residence). Efforts directed at decreasing the CS rate among migrant women should target women giving birth in the host country for the first time.
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, The family. Marriage. Woman
A search for the Zγ decay of the Higgs boson, with Z boson decays into pairs of electrons or muons is presented. The analysis uses proton–proton collision data at s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed data are consistent with the expected background with a p-value of 1.3%. An upper limit at 95% confidence level on the production cross-section times the branching ratio for pp→H→Zγ is set at 3.6 times the Standard Model prediction while 2.6 times is expected in the presence of the Standard Model Higgs boson. The best-fit value for the signal yield normalised to the Standard Model prediction is 2.0−0.9+1.0 where the statistical component of the uncertainty is dominant.
Alexandre Dufour (1759–1835) gave his name to the pavilion that is the Gabriel wing’s pendant, and which was refurbished in 2015 to welcome visitors to the Château de Versailles. However, this architect has remained almost unknown, with specialized dictionaries including him only on the basis of his relationship to Charles Percier and Pierre Fontaine. After a first section devoted to clarifying Dufour’s origins and training, this article highlights the decisive role Fontaine played in the development of his career. The article details the various functions he held: starting simply as a works supervisor on sites Fontaine was responsible for, Dufour was then attached to the estate of Versailles from 1808. He successively held the positions of inspector, assistant architect and finally chief architect, and for twenty-four years devoted himself tirelessly to his task, working first for the Emperor, then Louis XVIII and very briefly Louis-Philippe. The last section details the architect’s various projects for the Château de Versailles under the Emperor and above all the very controversial stages of the construction, between 1814 and 1829, of what remains the most enduring trace he left in Versailles, that is the Dufour Pavilion.
<p class="first" id="d57804e70">European Orientalism had different societal and cultural frames in France and Great
Britain. These were the main objects of investigation in Said's book
<i>Orientalism</i>, a process which Said treats as an explicit political-colonial setting and colonial
discourse. According to Said's widely criticized thesis, Germany, a country without
many colonies, played no important role in the scholarly and political enactment of
orientalism. Referring to the prestigious German orientalist and biblical scholarship,
and also to processes of internal orientalization as tools of Germany's “colonial
fantasies” and minority politics, this contribution explores discourses on the “Orient”
as a prominent way in which to form a discursive construction of the Jews as
<i>internal Others.</i> Moving beyond Said's dictum that orientalism is “a strange, secret sharer of Western
anti-Semitism,” I investigate the plural history of topical discourses, hybrid figures
and recurrent narratives that symbolize internal religious and cultural differences.
The Jews have often been regarded in the Western world as occidental
<i>and</i> oriental. The liminal position of the Jews in European imagination is all the more
relevant when it comes to the gendered dimension of orientalist discourse. This article
focuses on the figure of the “beautiful Jewess,” analyzed as the gendered and affective
embodiment of the Jewish Question. Starting from the presupposition of her situatedness
on a border zone between religions and cultures, I focus on her depiction in literature.
I analyze how literature explores the ambivalences of the stereotype and opens up
third spaces of reflection. Narrative and scenic discourses on the “Orient” are analyzed
as a multi-layered and ambivalent ensemble of relational references. A special focus
is on the role of gender in the representation of the Jews as “internal Orientals.”
</p>
Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects
Juliane Hartke, Philipp P. Sprenger, Jacqueline Sahm
et al.
Abstract Upon advances in sequencing techniques, more and more morphologically identical organisms are identified as cryptic species. Often, mutualistic interactions are proposed as drivers of diversification. Species of the neotropical parabiotic ant association between Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus are known for highly diverse cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles, which in insects serve as desiccation barrier but also as communication cues. In the present study, we investigated the association of the ants’ CHC profiles with genotypes and morphological traits, and discovered cryptic species pairs in both genera. To assess putative niche differentiation between the cryptic species, we conducted an environmental association study that included various climate variables, canopy cover, and mutualistic plant species. Although mostly sympatric, the two Camponotus species seem to prefer different climate niches. However in the two Crematogaster species, we could not detect any differences in niche preference. The strong differentiation in the CHC profiles may thus suggest a possible role during speciation itself either by inducing assortative mating or by reinforcing sexual selection after the speciation event. We did not detect any further niche differences in the environmental parameters tested. Thus, it remains open how the cryptic species avoid competitive exclusion, with scope for further investigations.
At the beginning of the twentieth century biography became a popular genre that reached literary standing, thanks to the many authors who wrote and discussed the genre’s newfound status. Irène Némirovsky participated in this dialogue with her biography La Vie de Tchekhov, posthumously published in 1946. Supported by extensive archival research, this article analyses Némirovsky’s romanced biography within the history of the genre and its codification in 1920s France. At first, the article will explore Némirovsky’s research preparation and, in a comparison with other works, will appraise her ability to infuse life to scholarly facts. Subsequently, it will consider the importance of Némirovsky’s creative choices; while her identification with her subject allows the emergence of a higher degree of empathy, her place as an assimilated Russian émigré and French author gives her the necessary detachment for the narrative of the past to become a space for the apprehension of the present.
Nicholas Moore,1 Charles Pollack,2 Paul Butkerait2 1Department of Pharmacology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; 2Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, Madison, NJ, USA Abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen have a long history of safe and effective use as both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics/antipyretics. The mechanism of action of all NSAIDs is through reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) including gastrointestinal bleeding as well as cardiovascular and renal effects have been reported with NSAID use. In many cases, ADRs may occur because of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between the NSAID and a concomitant medication. For example, DDIs have been reported when NSAIDs are coadministered with aspirin, alcohol, some antihypertensives, antidepressants, and other commonly used medications. Because of the pharmacologic nature of these interactions, there is a continuum of risk in that the potential for an ADR is dependent on total drug exposure. Therefore, consideration of dose and duration of NSAID use, as well as the type or class of comedication administered, is important when assessing potential risk for ADRs. Safety findings from clinical studies evaluating prescription-strength NSAIDs may not be directly applicable to OTC dosing. Health care providers can be instrumental in educating patients that using OTC NSAIDs at the lowest effective dose for the shortest required duration is vital to balancing efficacy and safety. This review discusses some of the most clinically relevant DDIs reported with NSAIDs based on major sites of ADRs and classes of medication, with a focus on OTC ibuprofen, for which the most data are available. Keywords: adverse effects, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal
In 1611 started the publication of a collected works of periodicals called the Mercure François. Because of its periodicity (it was published once a year between 1619 and 1633), the periodical is often regarded as the beginning of journalism in France. As a matter of fact, the Mercure François is closer to a history book. It inherits from an extended tradition of writing the past and it follows the Chronologie septenaire de l’Histoire de la paix […] by Pierre-Victor Palma-Cayet. If the chronological and geographical distance is getting shorter and shorter during a period of time, the Mercure François is still a history book. Because of the various temporalities that it deals with, the Mercure François stands at the crossroad of tradition and innovation and could be associated to various literary and discursive genres. Its publication between the murder of Henry IV (1611) and the regency of Anne d’Autriche (1648) makes the periodical cross three political regimes thus questioning the political use of writing the past.
French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
This article examines the relationship between film and history and the representation of history in films, using for the study the film production of Chileans in exile through an analysis of the particular case of the film Raining on Santiago, filmed in France and Bulgaria and directed by filmmaker Helvio Soto in 1975. The article reports on the double functionality of this film: it represents a historical event and becomes the expression of identity in exile. This film has a political function since it is at the service of a political cause. In addition, the film tried to become a method of documentation, education, information and denouncing of what was happening in Chile. Hence, this production responded to the imagery of the filmmakers and became a historical record and a valuable documentary source that allows us to enter the ideological aspects of the exiled filmmakers and their intention to appeal to rebuild ties between the social and the political ¿crushed by the dictatorship¿ in order to help the reconfiguration of the collective memory of the Chilean left.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities