Marx chez les historiens, des difficultés persistantes

French historians have, since the beginning of the 20th century, maintained complex and ambivalent relationships with Marxism. This article proposes to reconstitute some main lines of this difficult, bitter, and always repeated encounter. The points of entry of Marxism into the field of history in France reveal these nascent frictions: the work À la lumière du marxisme published in 1935 as well as the issue of the young Annales devoted to technique instruct a critical junction; the Trotskyist approaches of Daniel Guérin are the subject of very virulent criticism. The places where historical Marxism is expressed are multiplying: from La Nouvelle Critique to La Pensée some spaces are open to historians interested in Marxism without being communists. Marxism has crystallized among French historians a series of rhetorical and epistemic tensions around the supposed determinism and mechanism of the processes brought to light by Marx. Finally, criticisms and debates (around the work of Braudel, the Asian mode of production and the relationship between feudalism and revolution) have contributed to making Marxism an important focal point of French historiography.