Hasil untuk "Industry"

Saki Tsuno, Kazuki Harada, Mina Horikoshi et al.

Hepatocytes can switch their metabolic processes in response to nutrient availability. However, the dynamics of metabolites (such as lactate, pyruvate, and ATP) in hepatocytes during the metabolic switch remain unknown. In this study, we visualized metabolite dynamics in primary cultured hepatocytes during recovery from glucose‐deprivation. We observed a decrease in the mitochondrial ATP concentration when glucose was administered to hepatocytes under glucose‐deprivation conditions. In contrast, there was slight change in the cytoplasmic ATP concentration. A decrease in mitochondrial ATP concentration was associated with increased protein synthesis rather than glycogen synthesis, activation of urea cycle, and production of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that mitochondrial ATP is important in switching metabolic processes in the hepatocytes.

Ivan Guevara, Stephen Ryan, Amandeep Singh et al.

Industry 4.0 is positioned at the junction of different disciplines, aiming to re-engineer processes and improve effectiveness and efficiency. It is taking over many industries whose traditional practices are being disrupted by advances in technology and inter-connectivity. In this context, enhanced agriculture systems incorporate new components that are capable of generating better decision making (humidity/temperature/soil sensors, drones for plague detection, smart irrigation, etc.) and also include novel processes for crop control (reproducible environmental conditions, proven strategies for water stress, etc.). At the same time, advances in model-driven development (MDD) simplify software development by introducing domain-specific abstractions of the code that makes application development feasible for domain experts who cannot code. XMDD (eXtreme MDD) makes this way to assemble software even more user-friendly and enables application domain experts who are not programmers to create complex solutions in a more straightforward way. Key to this approach is the introduction of high-level representations of domain-specific functionalities (called SIBs, service-independent building blocks) that encapsulate the programming code and their organisation in reusable libraries, and they are made available in the application development environment. This way, new domain-specific abstractions of the code become easily comprehensible and composable by domain experts. In this paper, we apply these concepts to a smart agriculture solution, producing a proof of concept for the new methodology in this application domain to be used as a portable demonstrator for MDD in IoT and agriculture in the Confirm Research Centre for Smart Manufacturing. Together with model-driven development tools, we leverage here the capabilities of the Nordic Thingy:53 as a multi-protocol IoT prototyping platform. It is an advanced sensing device that handles the data collection and distribution for decision making in the context of the agricultural system and supports edge computing. We demonstrate the importance of high-level abstraction when adopting a complex software development cycle within a multilayered heterogeneous IT ecosystem.

Sekip Sadiye Yasar, Osman Komut, Mehmet Yasar et al.

This study aimed to determine the risk level of noise, which is an important physical risk, in small and medium-sized furniture industry enterprises. The noise levels of the circular sawing machines, edge banding machines, and mitre cutting machines, which are among the main processing machines of the sector, were measured. The study was carried out in 32 furniture businesses. The possible risks of noise on the operators of the machines in question and other employees were evaluated. Noise level measurements were made with the help of TESTO 815 measuring device. Dunnett’s T3 test was used to detect differences in noise levels for machine operators and other employees. It was determined that the edge banding machine does not pose an occupational health and safety risk in terms of noise risk factors. However, the mitre cutting machine and the circular sawing machine pose a risk for the machine operator in active production by creating noise above the established exposure limit value. The mitre cutting machine carries the same risk for the machine operator when it is in operation but in passive production. The results revealed the need for personal protective equipment for machine operators for mitre cutting and circular sawing machine.

J I Gisbtarani, M N Huda, H Setiyaningsih et al.

The population of Australian sheep blowflies, Lucilia cuprina, in Australia is of concern to many researchers because it causes several problems. These problems occur in the sheep industry where there is a term "flystrike" in the industry. Flystrike is a fly attack on sheep that causes myiasis on the sheep's skin, affecting the quality and quantity of wool. In the worst cases, the sheep may die if not treated. This issue has attracted researcher to conduct a population control study of fly growth to suppress flystrike in the Australian sheep industry. In this paper, fly growth will be approached using a difference equation to better represent the industry’s situation. This equation will be analyzed using its approximate solution that is obtained through linearization of perturbation method, Cardano’s formula, and Galois solution’s method. By studying fly growth, Australian sheep farmers may find it easier to handle and prevent fly infestations using the solution.

Hongwei Liu, Jun He, Zehong Yuan et al.

The Chuanzang black (CB) pig is a new crossbred between Chinese local breeds and modern breeds. Here, we investigated the growth performance, plasma indexes, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics of conventional DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbreed and CB pigs. The LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics of pork from DLY and CB pigs, as well as the relationship between the changes in the metabolic spectrum and meat quality, were analyzed. In this study, CB pigs presented lower final body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, and eye muscle area than DLY pigs (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). Conversely, the ratio of feed to gain, marbling score, and meat color score of longissimus dorsi (LD) were higher in CB than DLY pigs (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). Moreover, psoas major (PM) showed a higher meat color score and a lower cooking loss in CB than DLY pigs (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). Interestingly, CB pigs showed lower myofiber diameter and area but higher myofiber density than DLY pigs (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of <i>MyHC I</i>, <i>PPARδ</i>, <i>MEF2C</i>, <i>NFATC1,</i> and <i>AMPKα1</i> were higher in CB than DLY pigs (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05). Importantly, a total of 753 metabolites were detected in the two tissues (e.g., <i>psoas major</i> and <i>longissimus dorsi</i>) of CB and DLY pigs, of which the difference in metabolite profiles in <i>psoas major</i> between crossbreeds was greater than that in <i>longissimus dorsi</i>. Specifically, palmitic acid, stearic acid, L-aspartic acid, corticosterone, and tetrahydrocorticosterone were the most relevant metabolites of <i>psoas major</i> meat quality, and tetrahydrocorticosterone, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, arachidic acid, erucic acid, and 13Z,16Z-docosadienoic acid in <i>longissimus dorsi</i> meat were positively correlated with meat quality. The most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in <i>psoas major</i> and <i>longissimus dorsi</i> pork were galactose metabolism and purine metabolism, respectively. These results not only indicated improved meat quality in CB pigs as compared to DLY pigs but may also assist in rational target selection for nutritional intervention or genetic breeding in the swine industry.

Onur Çeli̇k, S. Ece Yilmaz, Hasan Yildizhan et al.

Renewable energy sources are fundamental to a country’s economic growth. Solar energy is one of these resources that has a favorable effect on economic growth. Turkey’s solar energy industry is still in its early stages. Due to its location and degree of sunshine each year, the country has a great solar potential. Despite the huge potential, solar energy awareness and utilization are not widespread in all parts of Turkey. In order to identify the factors that affect consumers’ decisions to utilize water heating systems, which is a sort of solar energy system, the purpose of this research is to examine these systems. In this study, all factors influencing consumers’ decisions to acquire solar water heating systems were evaluated holistically for the first time. A questionnaire was used in the study, which is a quantitative research technique. The study identifies the variables that influence consumers’ attitudes toward solar collector purchases and assesses the consequences from an organizational point of view. The study’s results act as a guide for decision-makers.

Xipo Zhao, Juncheng Li, Xiaolei Yu et al.

Poly(lactic acid)/polyamide11 (PLA/PA11) blends were prepared by reactive blending with multifunctional epoxy oligomer as compatibilizer, and the compatibility of PLA and PA11 was improved. The compatibilization, toughness mechanisms, and rheological behavior of PLA/PA11 blends were studied. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to study the free volume and interfacial compatibility of the compatibilized blends. Moreover, the influence of free volume and void volume on the barrier properties of the blend films was discussed. The glass-transition temperature and storage modulus of PLA in the compatibilized PLA/PA11 blends decreased, and the rheological behavior in the blends changed from liquid-like to solid-like at low-frequency. This finding showed that the interfacial compatibility between PLA and PA11 improved, and the material properties underwent a rigid-to-tough transition. PALS analysis further showed the improved interfacial compatibility of the multifunctional epoxy reactive compatibilizer reduced the free-volume pores and increased the number of free-volume pores. The entanglement degree of the molecular-chain segment in the compatibilized blend system increased, and the volume of free-volume pore decreased. The reactively compatibilized PLA/PA11 blend had excellent oxygen and water barrier properties, and its oxygen transmissibility and water-vapor diffusion coefficient greatly decreased. Therefore the reactive compatible PLA/PA11 blends had potential application and research value as packaging-barrier film materials.

Jiangquan Liao, Yan Wang, Mingjing Shao et al.

IntroductionContrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a complication associated with the administration of iodinated contrast, which usually happens minutes to hours after contact with contrast, and fully recovers within 72 h. The clinical manifestations of CIE are diverse, and the pathological mechanism is not explicit.MethodsWe report the case of a 66-year-old female who suffered from a delayed CIE following the administration of iodinated contrast agent. Symptoms were severe. Imaging examination, biochemical and etiological detection were performed timely. The course of neurological symptoms was atypical. Her complex complications of hypothyroidism and cerebrovascular abnormalities contributed to more challenges, which were also clues to the diagnosis. With prompt and active treatment, the patient recovered fully over 10 days.DiscussionThe diagnosis standard of CIE highly depends on the association with the contact of contrast and the exclusion of other nervous system diseases. Complicated clinical circumstances and individual specificity can lead to different clinical manifestations of CIE, making it even more difficult to diagnose and treat. Prompt and dynamic imaging examination would provide great value in the diagnosis and evaluation of CIE. Timely diagnosis and intervention may be the key to its satisfying prognosis.

Linlin CHEN, Tianjiao FAN, Wei LI et al.

In order to find a rapid, simple and sensitive method for determination of iodine in food, a gold nanoparticle modified electrode was constructed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to detect iodine ion (I-). In situ reduction of gold nanoparticles (Mb@AuNPs) using methanobactin (Mb), and the self-assembled modified electrode was preparaed by electrodeposition. Mb@AuNPs was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), the electrochemical behavior of iodine ion (I-) was investigated by CV. The optimized conditions for iodine ion detection were as follows: Electrodeposition scanning rate 0.11 V/s, number of scanning cycles 30, buffer concentration 0.05 mol/L, buffer pH 6.5. There was a good linear relationship between oxidation peak current and I- concentration in the range of 0.01~10.00 μmol/L, R2 was 0.9992. The detection limit was 2.88 nmol/L (S/N), and the quantitation limit was 9.60 nmol/L. The recoveries of iodine content in different foods were 96.22%~103.57%. The results show that the modified electrode has good precision, stability, reproducibility and anti-interference ability for the determination of I-, which meets the requirements of the determination method and can be used for the determination of I- in practical samples.

Wenjing Chen, Chunli Ma, Guanghao Li et al.

Abstract Avian coccidiosis caused by Eimeria leads to huge economic losses on the global poultry industry. In this study, microneme adhesive repeat regions (MARR) bc1 of E. tenella microneme protein 3 (EtMIC3-bc1) was used as ligand, and peptides binding to EtMIC3 were screened from a phage display peptide library. The positive phage clones were checked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Competitive ELISA was applied to further verify the binding capability between the positive phages and recombinant EtMIC3-bc1 protein or sporozoites protein. The inhibitory effects of target peptides on sporozoites invasion of MDBK cells were measured in vitro. Chickens were orally administrated with target positive phages and the protective effects against homologous challenge were evaluated. The model of three-dimensional (3D) structure for EtMIC3-bc1 was conducted, and molecular docking between target peptides and EtMIC3-bc1 model was analyzed. The results demonstrated that three selected positive phages specifically bind to EtMIC3-bc1 protein. The three peptides A, D and W effectively inhibited invasion of MDBK cells by sporozoites, showing inhibited ratio of 71.8%, 54.6% and 20.8%, respectively. Chickens in the group orally inoculated with phages A displayed more protective efficacies against homologous challenge than other groups. Molecular docking showed that amino acids in three peptides, especially in peptide A, insert into the hydrophobic groove of EtMIC3-bc1 protein, and bind to EtMIC3-bc1 through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Taken together, the results suggest EtMIC3-binding peptides inhibit sporozoites entry into host cells. This study provides new idea for exploring novel strategies against coccidiosis.

Jianjing Zhang, Robert X. Gao

Abstract Characterized by self-monitoring and agile adaptation to fast changing dynamics in complex production environments, smart manufacturing as envisioned under Industry 4.0 aims to improve the throughput and reliability of production beyond the state-of-the-art. While the widespread application of deep learning (DL) has opened up new opportunities to accomplish the goal, data quality and model interpretability have continued to present a roadblock for the widespread acceptance of DL for real-world applications. This has motivated research on two fronts: data curation, which aims to provide quality data as input for meaningful DL-based analysis, and model interpretation, which intends to reveal the physical reasoning underlying DL model outputs and promote trust from the users. This paper summarizes several key techniques in data curation where breakthroughs in data denoising, outlier detection, imputation, balancing, and semantic annotation have demonstrated the effectiveness in information extraction from noisy, incomplete, insufficient, and/or unannotated data. Also highlighted are model interpretation methods that address the “black-box” nature of DL towards model transparency.

Piotr Kolasiński

Environmental issues are nowadays of great importance. In particular air and water quality should be kept at as high levels as possible. Energy conversion systems and devices which are applied for converting the chemical energy contained in different fuels into heat, electricity and cold in the industry and housing are sources of different gases and solid particle emissions. Medical data show PM_2.5 dust in particular is highly dangerous for human health. Therefore, limiting the number of low-quality fuel combustion processes is a key issue of modern energy policy. Statistical data show that domestic heating systems account for a large share of the total emissions of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ dust. For example in Poland in 2017, the share of households in the total annual emissions of PM_2.5 dust was equal to ca. 35.8%, while the share of PM_2.5 emission in industry (i.e., power generating plants, industrial power plants and technologies) was equal to only 23.6%. A possible way of solving this problem is by the successful replacement of old domestic furnaces by combined heat and power (CHP) or multigeneration boilers which can be used for heating the rooms and sanitary water and generating electricity and cold. Such systems can possibly contribute in the future to significant reductions of dust emissions and air pollution in urban and rural areas by limiting the number of low-quality fuel combustion processes. This article presents design considerations and experimental results related to a domestic micro-CHP unit which is based on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology. The main aim of the design works and experiments was therefore the analysis of the possibility of integrating the ORC system with a standard domestic central heating gas-fired boiler. The specially designed micro-ORC system was implemented in the laboratory and experiments were performed using this test stand. The main design aims of the test-stand were: low operating pressure, small working fluid flow, low price and compact dimensions. To meet these aims, volumetric machines were chosen as the expander and working fluid pump. The experimental results were positive and show that it is possible to integrate an ORC system with a standard domestic central heating gas boiler. For different heat source temperatures, the obtained expander power ranged from 109 W to 241 W and the thermodynamic cycle efficiency ranged from 4.3% to 8.8%. These positive research results were achieved partly thanks to the positive features of the different system subassemblies.

Anabela Veiga, Anabela Veiga, Filipa Castro et al.

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) have been widely used in the field of biomedical engineering as bone graft substitutes or as carriers for drug delivery applications. Recent developments have focused on combining CaPs with proteins to obtain functional biomaterials that accommodate a broader spectrum of functional requirements. Silk sericin was considered an unutilized protein by-product from the textile industry, generating tons of residues every year. However, much effort has been dedicated to its recovery after being associated with numerous biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-coagulation and regenerative activities. In the past years, sericin has also demonstrated to be suitable as a template for CaP mineralization. The present review focuses on the recent developments for the production of sericin/CaP composites, exploring their potential applications in bioengineering and opening new avenues in other research fields such as in the cosmetic, food and environmental sectors. In addition, this paper can also be useful as a guideline to design future research based on sericin/CaP biomaterials.

Zeng Yun, Wu Wenxiu, Yu Dankui

Under the rapid development of the world’s powder technology, powder materials are used in a wide range of fields such as metallurgy, chemical industry and petroleum. Turbo air classifier is one of the most important mechanical equipment in the industrial field in term of powder process equipment. To study the production efficiency of ultrafine powder, the gas-solid two-phase flow in the kff-400 air classifier was numerically simulated using Fluent software. The RNG <i>k</i>-ε turbulence model and the random particle orbit model were selected. The influence of the rotor RPM and the air intake on the particle trajectory in the flow field of the kff-400 air classifier was analyzed. Based on the numerical simulation result, taking several sets of rotor RPM and air intake with good performance as process operation parameters and the product size distribution as the inspection index, the powder classification test was carried out. The test data show that the kff-400 turbo air classifier, producing a particle size of 1 200 mesh barite and iron ore powder with the highest relative precision, has the process parameters of 2 200 r/min and the inlet velocity of 8 m/s. The research results could provide theoretical basis and engineering application reference for ultra-fine iron ore powder and barite production.

Romeo Cătălin CREŢU, Petrică ȘTEFAN, Adrian NICOLAU et al.

In Romania, the establishment of the market economy has required the elaboration and implementation of agricultural, alimentary and nutritional policies, based on scientific criteria, to ensure that the structure of Romanian agriculture would come close to that of the European Union agriculture. Agricultural policy needs to be coherent, flexible and directed towards the economic, social and environmental protection performance. Worldwide practice shows that empiric experience of economic agents does not suffice, but requires plenty of scientific knowledge. The hereby study undertakes to carry out a radiography of the production potential of agricultural operations in Romania and to demonstrate the need for improving practical information systems in agriculture and specialized industry.

Ghada Ismail El-shahat Ali Attia, Kamillia A. Abou-El-seoud, Abdel-Rahim Sayed Ibrahim

Biotransformation of Furanocoumarins; psoralen (1), bergapten (2), xanthotoxin (3) and imperatorin (4) was explored by Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 1392, revealing the metabolism of psoralen (1) and bergapten (2) into bergaptol (5), while xanthotoxin (3) and imperatorin (4) were converted into xanthotoxol (6). On the other hand unexpected conversion of xanthotoxin (3) into 3,4 dihydroxanthotoxin (7) occurred. The structure of the isolated pure metabolites was established using physical and spectroscopic techniques including, melting points, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy.

Jin-A Lee, Yun-Mi Kim, Pung-Mi Hyun et al.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a chronic and immunosuppressive viral disease that is responsible for substantial economic losses for the swine industry. Honeybee venom (HBV) is known to possess several beneficial biological properties, particularly, immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of HBV on the immune response and viral clearance during the early stage of infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs. HBV was administered via three routes of nasal, neck, and rectal and then the pigs were inoculated with PRRSV intranasally. The CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-12 were significantly increased in the HBV-administered healthy pigs via nasal and rectal administration. In experimentally PRRSV-challenged pigs with virus, the viral genome load in the serum, lung, bronchial lymph nodes and tonsil was significantly decreased, as was the severity of interstitial pneumonia, in the nasal and rectal administration group. Furthermore, the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) were significantly increased, along with up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) with HBV administration. Thus, HBV administration—especially via the nasal or rectal route—could be a suitable strategy for immune enhancement and prevention of PRRSV infection in pigs.

ZONG Wei-lin, MAO Jiang, GAO Yang

For problems that it was difficult to maintain, communication distance and reliability were constrained of traditional monitoring system of fully mechanized excavation face with communication method of laying dedicated cable channels based and wireless communication supplemented, monitoring system of fully mechanized excavation face based on power line carrier was proposed. The system uses existing coal power cables to communicate, without laying dedicated communication cables, which greatly reduces system cost and decreases problems of communication interruption due to link failure, realizes stable and reliable monitoring of fully mechanized excavation face.

Wolfgang Wilkes, Jörg Brunsmann, Dominic Heutelbeck et al.

Important legal and economic motivations exist for the design and engineering industry to address and integrate digital long-term preservation into product life cycle management (PLM). Investigations revealed that it is not sufficient to archive only the product design data which is created in early PLM phases, but preservation is needed for data that is produced during the entire product lifecycle including early and late phases. Data that is relevant for preservation consists of requirements analysis documents, design rationale, data that reflects experiences during product operation and also metadata like social collaboration context. In addition, also the engineering environment itself that contains specific versions of all tools and services is a candidate for preservation. This paper takes a closer look at engineering preservation use case scenarios as well as PLM characteristics and workflows that are relevant for long-term preservation. Resulting requirements for a long-term preservation system lead to an OAIS (Open Archival Information System) based system architecture and a proposed preservation service interface that respects the needs of the engineering industry.

Attila Magno e Silva Barbosa

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar em que medida o processo de terceirização em uma indústria de alumínio primário no município de Barcarena, no estado do Pará, produz diferenciações nas identidades sociais dos trabalhadores diretos e dos terceirizados. Como se sabe, os terceirizados possuem estatuto diferenciado no espaço de trabalho, o que os exclui da rede de benefícios oferecida pelas empresas. Nesse sentido, a sociedade passa a conviver não apenas com a fragilidade presente na relação salarial, mas também com o desmoronamento dos princípios reguladores da sociabilidade entre os trabalhadores. A hipótese levantada é a de que os estatutos mais precários que fundamentam a condição dos terceirizados se estendem por toda a constituição da vida social destes e lhes confere uma identidade social distinta. Foram realizadas 15 entrevistas com cada grupo de trabalhadores e duas entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais, também analisamos o acordo coletivo dos trabalhadores diretos com a empresa e os relatórios anuais desta desde o ano de 2003.<br>This study intends to examine to what extent the outsourcing process in an industry of primary aluminum, in the city of Barcarena, Pará, results in differentiation in the social identities of direct and outsourced workers. Outsourced workers have a different status in the workplace, which excludes them from the benefits offered by the companies. As a result, society has to deal not only with the fragility of the wage relationship, but also with the collapse of the principles that regulate sociability among workers. The hypothesis is that the precarious statutes responsible for the conditions of outsourced workers are extended throughout their social lives, which gives them a distinct social identity. Fifteen interviews were conducted with each group of workers; two union leaders were also interviewed. Furthermore, the article examines the collective agreement between the direct workers and the company, and that company's yearly reports, since 2003.