Abstract In the digital education era, artificial intelligence has developed rapidly in education in China, and hybrid teaching models have become popular. This study aims to explore whether college students’ enjoyment in online classes influences their learning interest and achievement of learning goals, and to examine the moderating role of teacher-student interaction in the realization of learning goals. We conducted an online questionnaire survey of 1736 college students in China to explore the relationships among enjoyment, learning interest, teacher-student interaction, and the achievement of learning goals of online classes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.0. These findings show that college students’ enjoyment influences the achievement of learning goals through the mediating role of learning interest in online classes. The high level of teacher–student interaction is conducive to the transformation of students’ enjoyment into learning interest and the achievement of learning goals. Our study is expected to serve as an important reference for increasing students’ learning interest and achieving their learning goals in online classes.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Incorporating diverse musical traditions into school curricula enhances students’ understanding of global cultures and broadens their musical horizons. Despite growing interest in global music, Korean traditional music remains underrepresented in American music classrooms. This column introduces secondary music educators to Ganggangsullae, a traditional Korean folk music that integrates singing, dancing, and games. As the first in a three-part series, this installment focuses on “Intro Ganggangsullae,” providing instructional guidance and context to support meaningful engagement with Korean musical heritage. Aligned with the Core Music Standards—Connecting, Performing, Creating, and Responding—the column emphasizes active, participatory learning experiences.
The purpose of this study was to examine the status of learning objectives described in university general education course syllabi and to analyze whether these learning objective statements are appropriate for the purpose of general education. To this end, the learning objectives described in the syllabus of 184 general education courses offered by University A in City G in the first semester of 2024 were analyzed to derive the status of learning objective statements and behavior verbs. The research results are as follows. First, the status of learning objective statements was as follows: 59.2% were ‘sentence type’, 20.1% were ‘bullet style type’, and 20.7% were ‘other statement type. Among the ‘other statement types’, ‘subject outline type’ was the most common at 57.9%, ‘instructor-centered type’ at 10.5%, and ‘mixed type’ stated in the subject outline and instructor language at 31.6%. Second, in the analysis of learning objective behavior verbs, the most frequent verb was ‘understand’, followed by ‘cultivate’, ‘express’, ‘acquire’, ‘explore’, ‘analyze’, ‘understand’, ‘explain’, ‘solve’, ‘apply’, and ‘build’. Also, the general education learning objectives were found to contain many behavior verbs such as ‘appreciate’, ‘empathize’, ‘cultivate’, ‘reflect’, and ‘lead’ which emphasize affective domains. Third, Bloom's analysis of learning objectives also showed that general education reflects the cultivation of affective domain of learning, such as personality, citizenship, and cultural sensitivity in addition to cognitive domains as its educational goals. These results could confirm the current status of university professors' awareness and implementation of the learning objectives stated in the general education course syllabus, and can provide implications for the design and implementation of quality management competency programs.
Menggabungkan alat pembelajaran digital seperti flip book ke dalam strategi pembelajaran kooperatif seperti think-pair-share memungkinkan siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Salatia 06 semester II tahun pelajaran 2023/2024 untuk mencapai hasil matematika yang lebih baik. Hal ini didukung oleh penelitian dan diskusi lanjutan. Peningkatan kinerja matematika merupakan buktinya. Hasil pembelajaran matematika menunjukkan peningkatan bertahap sepanjang periode pembelajaran. Sebelum Siklus I, skor rata-rata adalah 60, namun setelah Siklus I, meningkat menjadi 75. Pada Siklus II, skor rata-rata semakin meningkat menjadi 80 dari 28 siswa. Sebanyak 96% siswa mencapai hasil pembelajaran matematika yang memenuhi nilai ketuntasan minimal (KKM).
This study explores the application of GPT models for automating consumer food survey analysis, focusing on Chinese consumers' acceptance of plant-based foods, cultured meat, insect-based proteins, and microbial proteins. Traditional survey analysis methods face limitations in handling large-scale, open-ended responses, whereas GPT's natural language processing capabilities offer efficient, bias-reduced alternatives. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we investigate how food technophobia (FTN) and food values (FV) affect perceived benefits (PB) and perceived risks (PR), ultimately influencing consumer acceptance. Results show that acceptance is highest for plant-based foods and lowest for cultured meat, with PB positively and PR negatively impacting consumer willingness to these foods. Mediation analysis reveals that PR and PB mediate the effects of FTN and FV on acceptance, indicating that attitudes toward food safety, naturalness, and production processes shape consumer choices. The findings underscore the value of using GPT for comprehensive, real-time survey analysis and suggest marketing strategies and policies that emphasize product safety, environmental benefits, and consumer education to enhance acceptance of alternative proteins.
Agriculture (General), Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Black Music Aesthetics (BMA), guided by conceptual approaches grounded in African belief systems, are found in the structure and performance practices of Black musics. Music education in American society leans strongly toward Western European aesthetics, which includes: the centrality of rhythm, pitch, and harmony to musical understanding; a reliance on written notation for preserving and sharing musical ideas; and a primary focus on sounds. While Black music and musicality can be explored using Western European aesthetics, they cannot be thoroughly explored in this way. In this series of articles, I draw on the work of ethnomusicologists to define BMA and provide concrete examples for incorporating them in general music. The first article in this series provides a historical foundation and definition for BMA and offers examples of how it can be centered in the study of Black musics.
Managing clinical risk is integral to safe delivery of medical care. This is especially true in general practice where a significant amount of clinical management is based purely on history and examination findings. Invariably, AiTs in general practice are likely to find this aspect of patient care quite daunting in contrast to their peers in secondary care who have much easier access to investigations. In this article, GP trainer, Dr Kunal Chawathey provides useful tips for AiTs to safely manage clinical risk in a primary care setting.
Édgar Alonso Villabona Rangel, Raquel Méndez Villamizar
Este artículo analiza las transformaciones en el capital social (en adelante CS) de los pobladores del municipio de California, Santander, a raíz del conflicto socioecológico sobre el proceso de delimitación del uso del suelo del páramo de Santurbán. Se identificaron tres subcategorías del CS: cooperación, tipo de reciprocidad e interacción horizontal. La investigación, mediante un análisis cualitativo, buscó reconstruir la realidad observada por los actores desde sus percepciones y creencias. Los resultados permiten identificar que los conflictos no se producen por discrepancias dentro de un sistema de interpretación homogéneo, sino que existen percepciones culturales que se expresan en lenguajes de valoración diferentes (sea estética, moral, ambiental, económica, social). La comunidad fortaleció su CS al integrarse, definir objetivos y generar confianza entre ellos respecto de una amenaza común. De igual forma, la identidad, los valores y las percepciones desempeñan un papel fundamental, y los esquemas de compensación técnicos o monetarios no son suficientes para resolver el conflicto. El trabajo define la línea de evolución del proceso, mediante testimonios en grupos focales y entrevistas. El resultado fue un análisis del comportamiento de la comunidad que permitió entender sus formas de relacionamiento, identidad y cooperación.
La comunidad fortaleció su CS a través de acciones colectivas; se reforzaron los lazos de trabajo en equipo, las redes de confianza y la gestión de propuestas para el territorio. Este estudio brinda orientaciones para futuros procesos de ordenamiento territorial y ayuda a entender las implicaciones socioculturales y organizativas de las decisiones políticas sobre el territorio.
Anne Dorothée Rösch, Ethan Taub, Ute Gschwandtner
et al.
Background:Recent studies suggest movements of speech and gait in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) are impaired by a common underlying rhythmic dysfunction. If this being the case, motor deficits in speech and gait should equally benefit from rhythmic interventions regardless of whether it is a speech-specific or step-training-specific approach.Objective:In this intervention trial, we studied the effects of two rhythmic interventions on speech and gait. These rhythmic intervention programs are similar in terms of intensity and frequency (i.e., 3x per week, 45 min-long sessions for 4 weeks in total), but differ regarding therapeutic approach (rhythmic speech vs. rhythmic balance-mobility training).Methods:This study is a cross-over, parallel multi-arms, single blind intervention trial, in which PD patients treated with rhythmic speech-language therapy (rSLT; N = 16), rhythmic balance-mobility training (rBMT; N = 10), or no therapy (NT; N = 18) were compared to healthy controls (HC; N = 17; matched by age, sex, and education: p > 0.82). Velocity and cadence in speech and gait were evaluated at baseline (BL), 4 weeks (4W-T1), and 6 months (6M-T2) and correlated.Results:Parameters in speech and gait (i.e., speaking and walking velocity, as well as speech rhythm with gait cadence) were positively correlated across groups (p < 0.01). Statistical analyses involved repeated measures ANOVA across groups and time, as well as independent and one-samples t-tests for within groups analyses. Statistical analyses were amplified using Reliable Change (RC) and Reliable Change Indexes (RCI) to calculate true clinically significant changes due to the treatment on a patient individual level. Rhythmic intervention groups improved across variables and time (total Mean Difference: 3.07 [SD 1.8]; 95% CI 0.2–11.36]) compared to the NT group, whose performance declined significantly at 6 months (p < 0.01). HC outperformed rBMT and NT groups across variables and time (p < 0.001); the rSLT performed similarly to HC at 4 weeks and 6 months in speech rhythm and respiration.Conclusions:Speech and gait deficits in PD may share a common mechanism in the underlying cortical circuits. Further, rSLT was more beneficial to dysrhythmic PD patients than rBMT, likely because of the nature of the rhythmic cue.
The Covid‐19 pandemic has catalyzed irreversible structural changes in education systems worldwide. One key development is the broad utility of remote digital e‐learning modalities for learning and instruction that could jeopardize social inclusion if digital in(ex)clusion is left unaddressed. This study assembles a two‐step mixed method research design and conducts a case inquiry of Shaanxi Province in China by leveraging policy document analysis and rapid survey methodology in examining how transitions to remote digital e‐learning may introduce learning barriers to children from vulnerable backgrounds. Findings reveal that children’s access to remote digital e‐learning devices during the rapid transition to e‐learning has a close association with their backgrounds. Key policy implications include utilizing multimodal hybrid technology in diversifying content delivery and maximizing e‐learning coverage, developing open learning platforms, expanding access to e‐learning resources, and collaborating with industry partners to bring tangible support to families and realize meaningful e‐learning at home.
Sandra Mara Mezalira, Jeferson Rosa Soares, Renan de Almeida Barbosa
et al.
A relação da temática Agrotóxicos com o ambiente escolar e os processos pedagógicos é de grande importância, considerando o ensino e aprendizagem das vantagens e desvantagens do uso desses produtos na agricultura e seu impacto no ambiente e na saúde das pessoas. Os conceitos oriundos dessa temática podem ser desenvolvidos e debatidos com os estudantes de maneira contextualizada e interdisciplinar envolvendo as disciplinas da Biologia, Física e Química que compreendem a área das Ciências da Natureza, além de outras áreas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar as percepções dos estudantes quanto à temática Agrotóxicos em uma escola pública do município de Sinop/MT. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Foi possível perceber que grande parte dos estudantes possuem conhecimentos prévios sobre a temática, destacando em seus discursos a relação com a palavra “veneno”. Pontua-se que a temática não alcança todo o contexto escolar e estudantes, necessitando maior articulação com o cotidiano dos estudantes e a capacitação através da formação dos(as) professores(as).
Existe una cantidad significativa de evidencia convincente a favor de la retroalimentación correctiva escrita (corrección de errores). Sin embargo, se reconoce que los resultados que arrojan las investigaciones quizás no sean tan pertinentes o lo suficientemente concluyentes debido a la gran variabilidad que hay entre los estudios. Aun así, no se ha hecho ningún intento sistemático de revisar y sintetizar la literatura de manera tal que se identifiquen las fuentes que causan tanta variación. Este artículo busca identificar esas variables. Los resultados indican que en una base de investigación que comprende 76 publicaciones relevantes, la variación puede explicarse a la luz de 11 fuentes principales. Este estudio también resume los problemas más significativos y propone recomendaciones de diseño para expandir la investigación y práctica de la corrección de errores en la enseñanza de una segunda lengua.
Contradictions and contestations with regard to the implementation of religion policies have become a worldwide phenomenon. Research suggest an increasing number of costly and protracted court and legislative battles between schools and parents over religion in schools. In this article, I aim to highlight some of the conflicting issues that need to transformation while implementing the National Policy on Religion and Education of 2003 in some selected South African schools. Based on mediation theory, the study used individual interviews to gather data from twelve purposively selected school principals to investigate how they implemented the religion policy in their respective schools. The findings show that despite the implementation challenges of this policy, the majority of the school principals displayed the qualities of a transformative mediator by transforming conflicting religious interests of stakeholder groupings in their schools. I therefore recommend that universities should consider training school principals in the use of transformative mediation as a strategy to transform conflicts in schools as it holds potential benefits for fields such as education.
Nonprofit entrepreneurs face a number of liabilities that are particularly significant during the emergent phase of a new nonprofit. Using a human capital perspective, this study examines the influence previous experience plays as it relates to nonprofit organizational start-up success. The study draws on a sample of 118 nascent nonprofit entrepreneurs. The results from a logistic regression analysis show no significant impact with regard to education or prior nonprofit management experience. The results, however, show that prior start-up experience significantly enhances the likelihood of start-up success.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
The formation of the neocortex relies on intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules that are involved in the sequential steps of corticogenesis, ranging from the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells to the migration and dendrite formation of neocortical neurons. Abnormalities in these steps lead to disruption of the cortical structure and circuit, and underly various neurodevelopmental diseases, including dyslexia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we focus on the axon guidance signaling Slit-Robo, and address the multifaceted roles of Slit-Robo signaling in neocortical development. Recent studies have clarified the roles of Slit-Robo signaling not only in axon guidance but also in progenitor cell proliferation and migration, and the maturation of neocortical neurons. We further discuss the etiology of neurodevelopmental diseases, which are caused by defects in Slit-Robo signaling during neocortical formation.
This paper describes how the curriculum Reading like a historian, endorsed by the Stanford History Education Group, was used in the first two years of an Italian high school. It is an innovative study program, as it is based on an active approach to learning and aimed at developing some important skills that are typical of the work of the professional historian: in particular, the program focuses on the construction of answers to questions of investigation based on a critical analysis of the sources and their corroboration. Adopting this curriculum of studies in the Italian context necessarily stimulates the teacher to critically rethink the use of the history manual and the organization itself of its teaching.
Theory and practice of education, History (General) and history of Europe