تتعدد وسائلُ التواصلِ والتعبير والإبانة عن مقاصدَ ومكوناتِ النفس، فمنها: التواصل اللفظي، وهو الذي يتم عن طريق استخدام اللغة المنطوقة، والتواصل غير اللفظي ويتم عن طريق وسائلَ كثيرة يمكن تقسيمها إلى قسمين، الأول: أنظمة دلالية عضوية تعتمد على جسم الإنسان، وتتمثل فى: الإشارات، أو الحركات الجسدية، أو الهيئات والأوضاع الجسدية، وغيرها.
القسم الثاني: أنظمة دلالية أدائية تعتمد على أشْيَاءَ خارجَةٍ عن جسم الإنسان، وتتمثل فى الملابس، والحلي، وبعض الأدوات التى تحمل دلالات متباينة فى المجتمعات، مثل: المنديل، والمسبحة، والمروحة، والمظلة، والعصا، وغير
Bedî‘ ilminde, mana ve lafızla ilgili olarak birçok edebi sanat bulunmaktadır. Bu söz sanatlarından kelime tekrarıyla ilgili olanların bazısı manayı güzelleştiren sanatlar içinde, bazısı lafzı güzelleştiren sanatlar kısmında değerlendirilmiştir. Klasik ve modern belâgat eserlerinde manayla ilgili kelime tekrarı sanatları; müşâkele, irsâd, akis, terdîd ve müzâvece; lafızla ilgili söz sanatları reddü’l-acüz ale’s-sadr ve cinâs-ı mümâsil’dir.Bir anlamın kendi lafzı dışında ibaredeki bir kelime ile söylenmesi olarak tarif edilen müşâkele’de tekrar edilen kelime, mecazi anlam veya kelimenin ikinci anlamı olduğu için bu sanat belâgat eserlerinde manayı güzelleştiren söz sanatları kısmında yer almıştır. Müşâkele’de tekrar edilen kelime şekil itibarıyla birinci kelimeyle aynı kökten olur ve mecaz anlamı kendisinde bulunması yönüyle diğer kelime tekrarı sanatlarından farklılık gösterir.Cümlenin sonunun nasıl biteceğine ibaredeki bir kelimenin ipucu vermesi demek olan irsâd’da cümle bazen kelime tekrarıyla, bazen de cümleden anlaşılan farklı bir kelimeyle sonlanır. İrsâd; tıbâk, mukâbele, terdîd, reddü’l-acüz ale’s-sadr gibi farklı söz sanatlarıyla birlikte gelebildiği için diğer kelime tekrarı sanatlarından daha kapsamlıdır. Bu sanatta asıl olan, cümlenin sonunun nasıl sonlanacağının tahmin edilmesi olup kelime tekrarıyla cümle sonlandığında terdîd sanatını ihtiva etmiş olur.Akis sanatı, cümlede kelimelerin yerleri tamamen veya kısmen değiştirilerek yeni bir söz söylenmesidir. Akis’i diğer kelime tekrarı sanatlarından ayıran husus, kelimelerin cümle içinde yer değiştirmesidir. Çoğu belâgat bilgini bu sanatı manayı güzelleştiren sanatlara, bazıları ise lafızla ilgili sanatlara dahil etmiştir.Cümlede lafzı ve anlamı aynı bir kelimenin bulunması anlamına gelen terdîd sanatında cümle içinde bir kelime tekrar edildiğinden dolayı bazı belâgat bilginleri bu sanatı me‘ânî ilmindeki itnâb sanatında, bazıları ise bedî‘ ilminde değerlendirmiştir. Müzâvece’de kelime tekrarı şart ve cevap cümlelerinde olmaktadır. Müzâvece’nin şart ve cevap cümleleriyle ilgili olması, bu sanatı terdîd’den ayıran özelliktir.Belâgat eserlerinde lafzı güzelleştiren sanatlar içinde değerlendirilen reddü’l-acüz ale’s-sadr; ibare sonundaki kelimenin aynısının veya iştikakının (aynı kökten gelen kelimenin) cümle başında veya içinde var olmasıdır. Bu sanat, ibarenin sonundaki bir kelimenin cümle içinde başka bir kelimeyle irtibatlı olması ve kelime tekrarının kendisinde olması yönüyle irsâd’a benzemektedir. Kelime tekrarı sanatlarından cinâs-ı mümâsil, lafız olarak aynı, fakat manası birbirinden farklı olan iki isim, iki fiil veya iki harfin tekrar edilmesidir. Cinâs-ı mümâsil, diğer cinas çeşitlerinden farklı olarak eş seslilikle ilgili olduğu için çalışmamızda kelime tekrarı sanatlarına dahil olmuştur. Cinâs-ı tâm’ın diğer kısımları ise telaffuzu birbirinin aynısı veya benzeri iki farklı kelime arasında gerçekleştiğinden dolayı çalışmanın kapsamı dışında tutulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, kelime tekrarına dayalı söz sanatları incelenmiş olup bu sanatlardan irsâd ve reddü’l-acüz ale’s-sadr’ın bazen kelime tekrarıyla, bazen de kelime tekrarı dışında kullanıldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu iki sanatın; müşâkele, akis, terdîd, müzâvece ve cinâs-ı mümâsil’den daha geniş kapsamlı olduğu ve duruma göre onları kendi içinde barındırdığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, kelime tekrarı sanatları bir araya getirilerek aralarındaki farklara dikkat çekilmiştir. Bedî‘ ilminde bu sanatları konu edinen çalışmaya rastlanmamasının, çalışmamızın önemini daha da arttırdığı düşünülmektedir.
This research aims to examine Ali Zain al-Jufri's religious moderation. Through his work, al-Insaniyya qabla al-Tadayyun (Humanity before Religiosity), al-Jufri responds to the religious forms of Muslims in several parts of the world. By focusing on this work, the researchers thoroughly explore al-Jufri's thoughts regarding religious moderation. Why is this work relevant for study? Apart from the fact that no previous research has examined al-Jufri's work, this work is increasingly relevant to study if we reflect on current sociological facts. Much violence occurs in the name of religion. Those behaviors are nothing more than forms of interpretation, which are then considered the voice of God. At least, al-Jufri's work is one way out as an oasis to these problems. The method used in this research is a review-based qualitative method that focuses on examining al-Jufri's work. This research is classified as library research. In the end, this research concluded that there are three significant values of al-Jufri's religious moderation, including the command to speak good words (Surah al-Baqarah [2]: 83), the prohibition on killing fellow humans (Surah al-Ma'idah [3]: 32), and the order to uphold justice on earth (Surah al-Nisa [5]: 135). Therefore, al-Jufri distinguished religion and religiosity. Humanity, for him, is above religiosity, not religion.
يهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن استشكال التغريب في نقد محمد أركون للخطاب الديني، ومحاولة لفك الالتباس حول فكر أركون أو أركون اللا توجه، وقد قسم إلى مدخل استشكالي حول فكر أركون، ومن ثم محاور اهتمت بومضات وإضاءات من سيرة أركون تنير حسه النقدي، وتفكيك الخطاب النقدي عند أركون من منظور مرجعيته الغربية وليس احتفاء بالمشروع التغريبي، وتحليل البنيات الغربية في فكر أركون وتأثيرها الوظيفي في قراءاته للنصوص الدينية، وفي البنية التفكيكية والأركيولوجية: الحفر والتفكيك، وفي البنية التأويلية: التأويل مضافا إلى الأساس الفيلولوجي، وفي النظم الألسنية: تجديد للأطر العقلية والثقافية، في النظم التاريخية والسوسيولوجية والأنثروبولوجية: إشارة لأهمية السياق في الفهم... إلخ. وتوصل إلى أن أركون يرتدي موقفا إبستمولوجيا، محورة الحرية الفكرية الفاعلة في ساحات النقاش المعرفي حول القضايا العربية الإسلامية المعاصرة.
Matthew Wilkinson, Lamia Irfan, Muzammil Quraishi
et al.
This overview of Islam and prison provides a thorough understanding of Muslim prisoners' experiences in Britain and Europe. It explores issues including conversion to Islam, rehabilitation and the extent to which prisons foster extremism, and gives practitioners and policy-makers ideas for better engagement and achieving positive outcomes.
Diah Andika Sari, Eneng Nuryuliani, Ndaru Prapti
et al.
Purpose – The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling and the attitude of children aged 3 to 4 years. This study was carried out in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta.
Design/methods/approach – The method used was a correlational quantitative research method. The sampling method was carried out using the one stage cluster sampling method from 8 sub-districts in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 240 mothers who have children aged 3-4 years with younger siblings were taken as samples. Data collection technique used was a questionnaire.
Findings – While the results of the study obtained a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.589, the results of the t test showed that tcount was 11.235> ttable namely, 1.651. It means there was a significant positive relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling and the attitude of children aged 3-4 years. The coefficient of determination test results calcuated by SPSS v.22 program obtained R2 of 0.347 or KD of 34.7%. This means that the preparation for a newborn sibling was able to explain 34.7% of the attitude of children aged 3-4 years. Meanwhile, the remaining 65.3% was influenced by other variables which were not included in this study.
Research implications/limitations – This study was limited to simple correlational research with one independent variable and one dependent variable. Future studies can explore greater with other related variables.
Practical implications – From this study, it can be concluded that there was a significant and positive relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling with the attitude of early childhood children aged 3-4 years.
Originality/value – With careful preparation, parents who prepare for the arrival of a new sibling can form a positive attitude response in children aged 3-4 years.
Paper type Research paper
The Progressive Documentation, as directed by the supreme leader, is designed in accordance with the broader Iranian thinkers and scholars, based on Islamic worldviews and futures studies, which comprises five sections. This document contains strategic indicators for the advancement of Islamic society. Iranian and all Islamic societies. Considering how justice is sought in Iranian Islamic society, the study seeks to state that the "Equality of Opportunities" component can be considered as one of the most relevant indicators of Islamic justice practice. The purpose of this article is to explain this issue What is the relationship between equality of opportunity and justice component of the document is Tvandvjvd Islamic-Iranian model of progress? This paper seeks to explain the hypothesis that the document cited indicates that there is a direct relationship between equality of opportunity and Islamic justice, and that the development of Islamic justice and then the development and development of Islamic justice can be pursued through equality of opportunity across all political, cultural, social and economic spheres. In fact, it can be said that if equality of opportunity is implemented as an independent variable, the implementation of the Islamic justice desired by the paradigm of progress will be achieved. Accordingly, this paper uses a library-descriptive and narrative approach.
Scrutinizing the literature of a modern religious movement this article argues that postcolonial theory can effectively be brought to the analysis of religions and religious writing. The case study focuses on the way in which colonialism impacted the Bahai faith in a specific and formative way, causing its leadership to present aspects of the faith’s development by employing the codes of Western Orientalism. Drawing on nineteenth and early twentieth-century European orientalist texts composed either about their own faith, or the Islamic society out of which it grew, the article demonstrates how these led Bahais “themselves [to]… adopt [..] an essentially Orientalist vision of their own community and of Iranian society”. Edward Said’s Orientalism throws light on an enduring situation in which mutual othering has crossed from culture and religion into politics, however since the late 1990s critics have demonstrated that Orientalism can function in more varied ways than Said allowed. Finally, the possibility is discussed as to whether there can be such a thing as a postcolonial Bahai scholar.
St. Wardah Hanafie Das, Abdul Halik, Besse Tuti Herlin
This study aims to determine the significance differences by those who are taught using Quipper through a facebook account in assigning creative worksheets and those who are not taught using Quipper in the field of Islamic education studies. This research method is an experiment with Quasi Nonequivalent control group design. The population was 70 people and the sample was divided into experiment class and control class with a total of 35 people each. The research instrument was the Observation Sheet, Student Learning Outcomes Test in the form of worksheets, questionnaires, study documents, and triangulation. Quantitative data analysis with descriptive and inferential non-parametric statistical techniques Mann Whitney U-Test test. Data analysis was assisted by SPSS application version 24. The results of the study were the use of Quipper School through a Facebook account in assigning creative worksheets to improve the effectiveness of Islamic education learning in SMK Negeri 1 Sengkang meeting the KKM, and there were significant differences between use and not use Quipper School through facebook account in assigning creative worksheets, and in the mann-whitney test, it is known the value of Asymp. Sig. (2- tailed) of 0,000 is smaller than probability value of 0.05 then the hypothesis H0 is rejected H1 is accepted. The next important study is the development of Quipper School media through a Facebook account on strengthening psychomotor competence in the field of Islamic education studies.
الأدب مِرآة تصوّر الواقع وتعكسه بصدق وشفافيّة،
والأديب ابن بيئته ومجتمعه، فهو من يُصوِّر ويرصِد ويحلِّل ويعايِن الأزمات
والمشكلات والثّورات والحروب التي يواجهها بلده ومجتمعه، انطلاقاً ممّا تقدّم،
جاءت هذه الدّراسة للوقوف على مأساة العصر(اللجوء) التي شهدتها العديد من البلدان العربيّة والإسلاميّة
وعلى رأسها سوريّة فتحدّثتِ الدّراسة عن (اللجوء) وأشكاله وبيَّنتْ دوافعه، ثم تحدّثت
عن أثر اللجوء في الأدب السّوري، فبيّنت الأثر الذي تركه اللجوء على الفنون الأدبيّة
من رواية، ومسرح، وقصة، وشعر، وقدَّمت نماذجَ عن كلّ منها، ثم بيّنت آراء النّقاد
في النّتاج الأدبيّ السوريّ الذي ظهر أثناء المأساة؛ لتصل الدّراسة إلى نتائج توضح
ماهيّة الآثار التي تركتها المأساة على الأدب السوريّ، ومدى استفادة الأخير من هذه
المأساة لتقديم أشكال أدبيّة جديدة.
عقل در روایات و آیات اسلامی مخلوق خداوند معرفی شده و حجت درون انسان است. عقل وسیله رسیدن انسان به عبودیت و مهمترین بخش وجود آدمی در جهان خلقت است. عقل در فقه اسلامی، هرچند به عنوان منبع حکم شرعی معرفی میشود، اما هیچ گزارش دقیقی از جایگاه آن در فقه اسلامی در دست نیست. در عرصه تمدنسازی نوین اسلامی، عقل نقشی بس مهمتر از فقه فردی پیدا میکند و در این مرحله، بیتوجهی به این ابزار اساسی فهم شریعت و عدم توجه به منزلت آن در هندسه تمدنسازی اسلامی، یا آدمی را به ورطه اخباریگری سوق میدهد و یا از سوی دیگر حجیت دستگاه فقاهت تمدنساز، تمام نخواهد بود. این نوشتار در پی آن است که اجمالاً جایگاه عقل فقهی را در عرصه تمدنسازی نوین اسلامی روشن نماید. به نظر میرسد برای ورود فقه به عرصه تمدنسازی نوین اسلامی، باید عقل، علاوه بر شئونی که در فقه رایج دارد، حداقل به پنج شکل دیگر ایفای نقش کند: تحلیل اجتماعی احکام، درک مصالح تحسینی، مجال عدم تعبّد در شئون حکومت، درک نظاموار شریعت و کشف نقطه ثقل تصرف.
Muhammad Ikhsanul Amin, Tiyas Nur Haryani, Nur Hidayatul Arifah
et al.
This article present of the result of research about pondok pesantren (Islamic religious boarding school) education in confronting radicalism, focusing in researching the efforts of Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah in confronting radicalism. Collecting qualitative data through observation, documentation, and purposively sampled interviews. The result shows that pesantrens have a significant role in overcoming radicalism through its management of education model and curricula. Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah with Salaf education model build teaching and education to create generation of da’i (Islamic missionaries) and teachers of Islamic religion, so the curriculum prioritizes politeness and away from radicalism.
Abstrak
Artikel ini mempresentasikan hasil penelitian tentang pendidikan pondok pesantren dalam menghadapi radikalisme, memfokuskan pada upaya yang dilakukan pesantren Salaf di Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah dalam menghadapi radikalisme. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara purposive sampeling. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pesantren memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam mengatasi radikalisme melalui pengelolaan model pendidikan dan kurikulumnya. Pondok Pesantren Darusy Syuhadah dengan model pendidikan Salaf membangun pengajaran dan pendidikan untuk menciptakan generasi da'i dan guru agama Islam, sehingga kurikulumnya mengutamakan kesantunan dan jauh dari radikalisme.
Bu çalışmada ünlü kozmolog Stephen Hawking ile bilim yazarı Leonard Mlodinow’un Büyük Tasarım(The Grand Design) kitabında dile getirdikleri bilimin evreni tüm unsurları ile açıklayabildiği bu nedenle evrenin var oluşunu ve hassas düzenini açıklamak için doğa üstü bir varlığa ihtiyaç duymadığı iddiası değerlendirilecektir. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak evrenin yoktan var oluşunu ve hali hazırdaki durumunu bilimsel açıklamasında temel aldıkları M-Kuramı’nın ne derece bilimsel olduğu incelenecektir. İkinci kısımda Hawking ve Mlodinow’un bilim anlayışının esas aldığı Modele Dayalı Gerçeklik anlayışı değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca bu bölümde günümüz fiziğinde teori ve deney arasında oluşan açığın meydana getirdiği problemler üzerinde durulacaktır. Makalenin son kısmında ise konunun İslâm dini ekseninde teolojik bir değerlendirmesi yapılacak ve İslâm dini açısından ideal bir din bilim ilişkisinin nasıl olması gerektiği sorusu cevaplandırılmaya çalışılacaktır. Makalenin genel amacı ise evrenin yoktan var oluşunu açıklayabildiği iddia edilen M-Kuram’ının başta test edilebilirlik olmak üzere bilimsellik kriterlerini karşılamadığı, bu nedenle “Fizik Tanrı’yı Gereksiz Kıldı” iddiasının spekülatif bir iddia olmaktan öte bir değeri olmadığını ortaya koymaktır.
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc.
Toleransi adalah komponen penting dalam membangun masyarakat plural yang bertujuan menciptakan kehidupan harmonis tanpa membedakan satu sama lain. Terutama di era modern, ketidakmunculan sikap toleransi dapat berpotensi memecahbelah kesatuan. Apalagi dalam konteks berbangsa, seperti Indonesia. Kesadaran akan keragaman dalam berpikir, bersikap dan berperilaku akan menimbuhkan kehidupan yang harmonis dan toleransi, seperti kelompok Murji’ah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat library research dengan menggunakan literatur Islam sebagai rujukan utama. Hasil kajian menyatakan bahwa pertama, perbedaan dalam dunia pemikiran Islam sudah lama berkembang. Kedua,adanya ajaran toleransi yang ditawarkan oleh kelompok Murji’ah. Meskipun dalam perkembangannya kelompok ini terbagi menjadi dua kelompok besar yaitu kaum moderat (mutawasith) dan ektrim (mutasaddid). Sejak kaum Murji’ah tidak lagi tumbuh sebagai aliran yang dinamis, tetapi berubah menjadi kelompok pasif. Meskipun demikian watak aslinya tetap nampak yaitu sikap toleran.
Abstract
This paper explores the tolerance in the modern era. Tolerance is an important component in building a plural society aiming at living together without being distinguished from each other. Conversely, the lack of tolerance has the potential to threaten the unity especially in the context of the nation, like Indonesia. The awareness of diversity in thinking and acting will add harmonious life and tolerance, such as the Murji'ah group. This research used qualitative methods that are library research by using Islamic literature as the main reference. Therefore, it can be said that the difference in the world of Islamic thought has long been developed. It is in line with the teachings offered by the Murji'ah group. Although in its development this group is divided into two major groups namely the moderates (Mutawasith) and extreme (Mutasaddid). Since the Murji'ah no longer grew as a dynamic stream, but turned into a passive group. Nevertheless, the original character remains visible that is a tolerant attitude.
The success of Islamic banking in Indonesia cannot be separated
from roles of Islamic microfinance institutions or Lembaga Keuangan Syariah
(LKMS). Although the concept of establishment of BMT is intended to be useful
to the society but on the other side in the application there are many BMT’s out
of line, in general management has orientation towards profit oriented.  That phenomena causing BMT should be compete with all different forms and structures of conventional financial institutions and Islamic financial institutions. The competition are to get the good customer for funding and financing. To win the competition, BMT prosecuted to provide optimal service to their customers. This field research aims to see the mapping of Funds Product of BMT Dana Mentari as the biggest BMT in Purwokerto among its competitors with multidimensional scalling analysis and correspondences. The result of spatial mapping was the BMT Khonsa is located on quadrant with a value of dimension 2 is positive and valued of dimension 1 is negative, BMT Dana Mentari is located on quadrant with a value of dimension 2 is positive and the value of dimension 2 is positive, BMT El Mentari is on a quadrant with a value of dimension 1 is negative and neither the values of dimensions 2, BMT Buana Emas is located on quadrant with the value of dimension 2 is negative and the values of dimension 2 is positive. The conclusion are each BMT are on the different quadrants so it doesn’t become a major competitor to the other and there are not similarities between BMT Dana Mentari with other BMT.