The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) dynamics of commercial-scale deep-sea mining risers with complex component arrangements (pumps, buffer stations, buoyancy modules) remain insufficiently explored, especially for 6000 m systems with nonlinear tension. This study investigates VIV control strategy by adjusting tension for a nonlinear riser system using the Iwan-Blevins wake oscillator model integrated with Morison equation-based analysis. An analytical model incorporating four typical current profiles was established to quantify the dynamic response under different flow velocities, internal flow density, and structural parameters. Increased buffer station mass effectively suppressed drift distance (over 35% reduction under specific conditions) by regulating axial tension. Dynamic comparisons demonstrated distinct VIV energy distribution patterns under different current conditions. Spectral analysis revealed that the vibration follows Strouhal vortex shedding lock-in principles. Spatial modal differentiation was observed due to nonlinear variations in velocity profiles, pipe diameters, and axial tension, accompanied by multi-frequency resonance, coexistence of standing and traveling waves, and broadband resonance with amplitude surges under critical velocities (1.75 m/s in Current-B). This study proposes to control the VIV amplitude by adjusting internal flow density and buffer mass, which is proved effective for reducing vibrations in upper (0–2000 m) risers. It validates vibration amplitude and frequency control through current velocity, buffer mass and slurry density regulation in a nonlinear riser system.
Abstract The proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells (PEMECs) are electrochemical devices that efficiently produce high-purity hydrogen via electrical energy conversion, making them widely applicable in renewable energy storage and hydrogen infrastructure development. However, the external sodium ion (Na+) contamination can severely damage the catalyst layer and membrane in PEMEC, causing significant performance degradation. Therefore, a segmented diagnostic platform for PEMEC is developed to analyze the poisoning effects of Na+ contamination on a large scale PEMEC under various operating conditions. The results demonstrate that during the cycle test, the Na⁺ poisoning process is defined as three distinct stages of initial, sustained and stable contamination stages. An increased Na+ concentration enhances the occupations of active sites on the catalyst layer, resulting in significant voltage spike, dynamic voltage fluctuations, non-uniformity distributions of current density and temperature. Both the low water flow rate and high operating temperature improve the chemical reaction and PEMEC performance at high current density. The deionized water flushing will dissolve Na+ on the catalyst layer surface and realize 2.17% decrease in voltage at 2.0 A cm⁻2 after three cycles. This study is beneficial to consolidate the understanding of poisoning effects of sodium ion contamination in PEMEC under various operating conditions, thereby overcoming the obstacles for commercial application of green hydrogen production technology.
Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, Renewable energy sources
Abstract Background Achieving climate neutrality in cities is a major challenge, especially in light of rapid urbanization and the urgent need to combat climate change. This paper explores the role of advanced computational methods in the transition of cities to climate neutrality, with a focus on energy supply and transportation systems. Central to this are recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, which offer enhanced capabilities for analyzing and processing large, heterogeneous urban data. By integrating these computational tools, cities can develop and optimize complex models that enable real-time, data-driven decisions. Such strategies offer the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency in key infrastructures and strengthen the sustainability and resilience of cities. In addition, these approaches support predictive modeling and dynamic management of urban systems, enabling cities to address the multi-faceted challenges of climate change in a scalable and proactive way. Main text The methods, which go beyond traditional data processing, use state-of-the-art technologies such as deep learning and ensemble models to tackle the complexity of environmental parameters and resource management in urban systems. For example, recurrent neural networks have been trained to predict gas consumption in Ljubljana, enabling efficient allocation of energy resources up to 60 h in advance. Similarly, traffic flow predictions were made based on historical and weather-related data, providing insights for improved urban mobility. In the context of logistics and public transportation, computational optimization techniques have demonstrated their potential to reduce congestion, emissions and operating costs, underlining their central role in creating more sustainable and efficient urban environments. Conclusions The integration of cutting-edge technologies, advanced data analytics and real-time decision-making processes represents a transformative pathway to developing sustainable, climate-resilient urban environments. These advanced computational methods enable cities to optimize resource management, improve energy efficiency and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thus actively contributing to global climate and environmental protection.
Renewable energy sources, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade
Kassa Tarekegn Erekalo, Søren Marcus Pedersen, Tove Christensen
et al.
The aim of this review was to provide an overview of existing farming practices and technologies in Europe by assessing their contribution to climate-smart agricultural (CSA) outcomes. Following the PRISMA protocol, 110 final selected studies were scrutinized. Altogether 74 different practices and technologies were identified. Using an inductive approach, the identified practices and technologies were categorized, and their potential contribution towards contextualized CSA outcomes—productivity, resilience, GHG mitigation, biodiversity improvement, animal welfare support, water and energy use efficiency—was assessed. Among CSA farming practices, this review highlighted legume-based cover crops, crop rotation, intercropping, and crop diversification as having promising potential to achieve CSA outcomes. Among CSA technologies, precision fertilization, crop protection, and irrigation showed promising potential. Moreover, pasture grazing, legume-based feed additives, improved forage production and holistic husbandry management with precision technologies were identified as promising contributors to CSA outcomes. The review emphasizes that the utilization of smart farming technologies and practices in crop and livestock production systems could positively contribute to achieving one or more outcomes. Overall, the GHG mitigation and farm productivity improvement outcomes were relatively well covered in the reviewed literature. Improvements in biodiversity, water and energy use efficiency, and animal welfare outcomes are not well demonstrated within the identified studies.
Abstract Energy poverty (EP), a pressing global concern, is uniquely manifested in regions like eastern Turkey due to intertwined socio-economic conditions and intricate energy consumption patterns. This study critically examines the electricity market dynamics, highlighting the direct impact on end-users, from households to entire communities facing challenges such as unauthorized consumption and waste. Our findings over 2 years period of 6 million customer invoices through 17 cities of 5 distribution companies underscore the limitations of traditional income-based measures in capturing the nuances of EP. In response, we introduce a novel metric—the power-cut index per consumer (PCPC)—spotlighting the prevalence of power interruptions due to non-payment as an actionable intervention metric. To address EP’s challenges, we present a mechanism encouraging consumers to reduce consumption, offering debt discounts as incentives. Our methodological approach, harnessing both the Monte Carlo simulation and optimization, promises flexible, actionable strategies tailored to diverse EP situations. Drawing parallels with the European Union’s energy transition efforts, this study proposes the adaptation of European frameworks to cater to Turkey’s unique landscape. By anchoring our insights in real stories of those affected by EP, we highlight the human dimension, emphasizing the urgency of stakeholder collaboration to ensure a future where energy facilitates prosperity rather than hindrance. The collective endeavors of infrastructure companies, governmental agencies, NGOs, and the public are pivotal in sculpting a brighter, equitable energy future.
Renewable energy sources, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade
This application note proposes a novel, low-cost, pH-controlled solenoid-based CO2 dosing device for microalgal and cyanobacterial cultivation systems. The device consists of an Arduino-Uno microcontroller, a (ph-4502c) module, a pH probe, a micro-SD card for data logging, and a relay-controlled solenoid valve. C functions are used to control, and data log the pH and operate the solenoid valve for CO2 dosing in microalgal cultivation systems. With open-source programming, the device can be used for a wide range of applications in both industry and academia. The proposed device is flexible, customizable, and upgradable. This study aims to develop a low-cost pH-controlled, solenoid-based CO2 dosing and data logging device and utilize it for pH control and CO2 dosing in a 200 L outdoor raceway tanks utilized in cultivating and studying the growth of marine cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. and Spirulina sp.
O crescimento dos grandes centros urbanos se desenvolve dentro de um sistema de consumo que acarreta problemas socioambientais e territoriais. O presente artigo tem como objetivo levantar informações referentes a organização territorial e o desenvolvimento sustentável e econômico a partir de uma cooperativa de reciclagem. Para compreender as dinâmicas territoriais e dos processos da cadeia de reciclagem, buscou-se conhecimentos acerca dos princípios de Economia Circular como uma ferramenta para o alcance da sustentabilidade social, ambiental e econômica. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou a observação não-participante e aplicação de questionários e entrevistas estruturadas e semiestruturadas junto a cooperativa em estudo. Os resultados apontam que o fortalecimento da cooperativa surge a partir das suas relações sociais instituídas durante o processo de reciclagem. Conclui-se que, da viabilidade de relações dentro do território, pode haver cenários que garantam a circularidade, transformação e valorização dos resíduos.
Abstract: The growth of large urban centers develops within a consumption system that leads to socio-environmental and territorial problems. This article aims to gather information on territorial organization and sustainable and economic development through a recycling cooperative. To understand territorial dynamics and recycling chain processes, knowledge was sought about Circular Economy principles as a tool to achieve social, environmental, and economic sustainability. Non-participant observation and structured and semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data from the cooperative under study. The results indicate that the strengthening of the cooperative arises from its social relationships established during the recycling process. It is concluded that, from the viability of relationships within the territory, there can be scenarios that guarantee circularity, transformation, and valorization of waste.
Abstract Short‐term interval estimation can effectively and precisely quantify the uncertainties of renewable energy, accurately represent the range of fluctuations of uncertain variables in robust optimisation of electricity‐heating integrated energy system (EHIES) and it is getting crucial for reliable and flexible operation of renewable dominated new energy systems. The authors present a multivariate data‐driven short‐term PV power interval prediction model that consists of multiple layers, including one‐dimensional convolutional layer, ultra‐lightweight subspace attention mechanism (ULSAM), bidirectional long and short‐term memory (BiLSTM), quantile regression (QR) and kernel density estimation (KDE). The one‐dimensional convolutional layer and ULSAM can extract sequential features and highlight key information from the data; the BiLSTM processes time series data in both directions and conveys historical information; the QR and KDE models generate interval prediction with a given confidence level. Based on the proposed interval estimation, a refined PV uncertainty set can be established and adopted by robust optimal scheduling of EHIES utilising min‐max‐min algorithm. The simulation results have demonstrated the estimation accuracy and adaptability to various weather scenarios.
Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade
José Vitor Silva Fernandes, Thamires Duarte di Simoni, Wanessa Ferraz Neres
et al.
Introdução: O faturamento é uma das atividades realizadas no hospital que tem grande impacto na saúde financeira de uma instituição. Dentre os diversos serviços que podem ser faturáveis, o OPME (Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais) possui destaque. Usualmente a equipe de enfermagem é responsável pelo registro dos materiais que foram utilizados e o
setor de auditoria e faturamento pela análise da conta. Por vezes, o processo de cobrança em conta do uso de OPME’s é de responsabilidade do setor de farmácia, que possui interface com diversas outras áreas do ciclo de cobrança. O tempo gasto nesse processo é um dos fatores que podem impactar no ciclo de receitas e ainda no relacionamento com convênios e fornecedores. A etapa de lançamento em conta pode ser um processo moroso, principalmente, se a instituição utiliza um SIH (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares) que exija o cadastro dos materiais no sistema. Objetivos: Mapear as etapas de lançamento em conta de itens de OPME que envolvem a equipe de farmácia, e o seu respectivo lead time. Para tal, foi utilizada uma ferramenta de qualidade descrita na metodologia do Kaizen. Material e Método: O fluxo de cobrança foi mapeado e identificados os ofensores do processo. Foram discutidas em conjunto com a equipe quais ações poderiam contribuir para
otimizar o processo de lançamento em conta. Essas ações foram organizadas em uma matriz de esforço-impacto e avaliadas em reuniões semanais com a equipe. Resultados: Como resultado do Kaizen, foram identificadas 26 oportunidades de melhoria no processo de cobrança das contas com OPME. Dessas, houve o cancelamento de 7 ações, 10 estão em andamento, e foram 9 concluídas. Dentre as 9 ações concluídas, houve a ação de desenvolvimento de indicadores para o monitoramento do tempo de conclusão de cobrança das contas, incluído o monitoramento em etapas, como, por exemplo, o tempo de resposta de cadastro de materiais. O lead-time médio para o início de análise de uma conta foi de 3 dias; o de retorno de cadastro, de 7 dias; o de finalização do processo sem o fator cadastro, foi de 1 dia; em média cerca de 35% das contas exigiam cadastro, impactando o ciclo de receita. Discussão e Conclusões: Foi possível observar que o cadastro de material é um dos principais fatores que implicam na liberação de uma conta com OPME e, consequentemente, no faturamento (atraso na finalização da conta). Como ação de co-responsabilização entre as equipes envolvidas no processo de cobrança de uma conta, o indicador desenvolvido é compartilhado com as gestões envolvidas para a criação de processos de melhoria.
Pharmacy and materia medica, Pharmaceutical industry
O Brasil, maior produtor e exportador de soja do mundo, ainda enfrenta sérios problemas no transporte da soja produzida. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as limitações e os principais problemas do transporte da soja no Brasil, destacando suas principais consequências e os possíveis meios de solução evidenciados pela literatura dos últimos vinte anos. Metodologicamente, o trabalho foi classificado como descritivo e qualitativo, utilizou-se o procedimento técnico de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura e seguiu o protocolo de Cronin et. al. (2008). Os principais achados que revelam as limitações e problemas do transporte de soja no Brasil relacionam-se à falta de estruturas de apoio, os baixos níveis das estradas, a fragilidade nas infraestruturas hidroviária e ferroviária, as más condições dos veículos de transporte e um sistema deficiente de balanças para pesagem. Entende-se que os resultados podem direcionar agendas de pesquisa, especialmente, no tocante à logística e o transporte da soja.
This paper deals with numerical study of semi-finite incompressible flow of air over two blocks with different heights in the presence of a condensing-source, dispensing- contaminant in the flow, in both steady and unsteady states. The numerical solution of governing PDE equations are constructed by a finite-volume method applied on structured grid arrangement. The effects of air flow velocity, contaminant source length and position, and the blocks height ratio on the concentration distribution, the mass transfer level and the time of transportation are studied. The results indicate that by increasing the inflow Reynolds number, the amount of contamination reaching the blocks and also the amount remaining between them decrease, while the mass transfer rate increases. It is shown that the closer the contaminant source to the blocks, the higher the mean concentration accumulating between the two blocks. It is also found that increasing the blocks height ratio makes an ascending trend to the time for the arrival of contaminant to the blocks walls, though the slopes of time-lines are different for each case.
Amado Cruz- Crespo, Rafael Fernández Fuentes, Tamara Ortiz Mendez
et al.
En el trabajo se reporta el efecto del factor de revestimiento sobre el comportamiento de electrodos tubulares revestidos para revestimiento duro por SMAW de componentes de la industria azucarera, en cuanto a Parámetros de Consumo y Geometría de los depósitos. Los electrodos fueron fabricados con diferentes espesores de revestimiento para un diámetro del alma y composición de revestimiento invariables, a fin de valorar la influencia exclusiva del espesor. Cada factor de revestimiento (relación entre el diámetro del revestimiento y el diámetro del alma del electrodo) fue evaluado en función de la variación de la Corriente. Fueron realizados depósitos sobre chapa, evaluándose las dimensiones geométricas del cordón y los parámetros de consumo de los electrodos. Se concluye que para estos electrodos el valor de factor de revestimiento debe ser de 1,2, mostrando su mejor desempeño integral para el recubrimiento de piezas en el entorno de una corriente media de 100 A.
NIKOLA HRISTOV, ANKICA KONDIĆ-ŠPIKA, VESELINKA ĐURIĆ
et al.
The effect of nitrogen nutrition treatments on the gluten content and some quality parameters of eight winter wheat cultivars has been studied. Six different nitrogen rates were applied (0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg N ha-1) to wheat cultivars chosen according to the structure of their high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) at the Glu-D1 locus. Four genotypes with HMW-GS 2 + 12 and another four with HMW-GS 5 + 10 were used in the study. The analysis of gluten quality involved the wet gluten content and rheological properties determined by the sensory and instrumental methods (“Instron 4301”). It was determined that in all the cultivars the wet gluten content increased significantly (P < 0.05) in parallel with N rate increase. The cultivars reacted differently regarding their wet gluten rheological properties. Libellula, a cultivar with poor bread making quality (HMW-GS 2 + 12), did not react to different N rates. Sremica, a cultivar with excellent bread making quality (HMW-GS 5 + 10), reduced its gluten quality as the N rate increased. The values obtained by the instrumental method “Instron 4301” at 90% wet gluten compression varied widely (from 0.002 to 0.041 kN). The increase of N fertilizer rate was significantly positively correlated (r2 = 0.811) with the wet gluten content and strength in the cultivars with HMW-GS 5+10.
Since the sustainable development has been a global and fundamental objecttive, a metallurgical industrial sector faces some of the most difficult sustainability challenges of any industrial sector. On the other hand, the metallurgical production in Serbia is a very important part of the economy. Due to present facilities and technologies, metallurgical companies face a great challenge to fulfill the requirements introduced by legislature referring to the cleaner production and sustainable development. The state of art in the production, facilities, pollution with some answers to imposed challenges is presented.
Methilene blue was reported as the first synthetic antimalarial by Ehrlich in 1881. It is currently no longer used for that purpose but it should be reconsidered since new economic alternatives are urgently needed in the arsenal of antimalarial drugs. The antimalarial activity of methylene blue is investigated here in vivo against rodent malaria parasites. 15 mg/kg daily dose of methylene blue inhibits 50% of the erythrocytic parasite growth of Plasmodium berghei and P. yoelii nigeriensis, while on hepatic stages of P. yoelii yoelii is almost inactive. In cell culture experiments with the lymphoblast-like BJAB cells line, it is 20 times more cytotoxic than chloroquine. Nevertheless, methylene blue shows a similar selectivity index as chloroquine against strains of different level of sensitivity of P. falciparum original from different geographical areas.<br>En 1881, Ehrlich reportó el azul de metileno como el primer antimalárico sintético, pero dejo de ser empleado con este propósito; el debe ser reconsiderado pues son necesarias con urgencia nuevas alternativas de bajo costo, en el arsenal de medicamentos antimaláricos. En este trabajo la actividad antimalárica del azul de metileno es evaluada in vivo frente a parásitos de malaria murina. Una dosis de 15 mg/kg/día inhibe el 50% del crecimiento eritrocítico parasitario de Plasmodium berghei y P. yoelii nigeriensis, en tanto que es prácticamente inactivo frente a los estadios hepáticos de P. yoelii yoelii. Sobre un cultivo de la línea celular linfoblástica BJAB, el azul de metileno es 20 veces más citotóxico que la cloroquina, no obstante el azul de metileno presenta valores de índice de selectividad del mismo nivel que la cloroquina, frente a varias cepas de P. falciparum de diferentes niveles de sensibilidad y provenientes de diferentes lugares geográficos.
Food processing and manufacture, Pharmaceutical industry