Kavita Kumari Anshu, Rafat Sultana, Shagufta Anjum
et al.
Background:
Despite of realization of need of orthodontic treatment by patient, they experience certain constraints as related to knowledge and perception for pursuing orthodontic treatment. Aim to evaluate and compare patients’ and parents’ orthodontic treatment expectations before orthodontic screening.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients having malocclusion and 80 accompanying parents using a questionnaire.
Results:
Indian orthodontic patients hold high expectations from their first visit, seeking comprehensive evaluation and treatment planning. They anticipate fixed appliances, better oral health, and enhanced self-confidence in appearance and speech. Notably, gender-based differences emerged in perceptions of treatment discomfort, dietary restrictions, and career impact, especially among men. Moreover, a mismatch in expectations between patients and parents highlights the need for clear communication in orthodontic care.
Conclusion:
Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment is heavily dependent on the patient’s willingness to follow all of the therapy’s instructions. Hence, it is essential that the orthodontist and the patient parent duo come to an agreement on realistic expected treatment outcomes before the treatment begins.
Yusra M. Bhaila, Jeannie van der Linde, Carmen Milton
et al.
Background: Functional voice disorders (FVDs) result from inefficient vocal use without an organic cause and have an underreported incidence.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and nature of FVDs among treatment-seeking patients at a private interdisciplinary voice clinic in Pretoria, South Africa.
Method: A retrospective quantitative design was used to analyse data from 86 patients diagnosed with FVDs between January 2017 and July 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.
Results: The incidence rate of FVDs was 16.67% among 516 patients with voice disorders. The primary diagnosis was muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), affecting 80.2% of cases. The most common secondary diagnosis was laryngeal pharyngeal reflux (LPR) at 39.5%. Hoarseness was the most reported symptom. No significant differences were found between occupational and non-occupational voice users.
Conclusion: The findings clarify the incidence and nature of FVDs in the South African context.
Contribution: It underscores the need for greater awareness of FVDs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as well as future research on prevention and management strategies.
Background: Public awareness of auditory pathologies, has been explored in the literature. However, there is limited evidence regarding public awareness of middle ear pathologies and their risk factors in South African communities.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe public awareness regarding middle ear pathologies and their associated risk factors in the community of Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa.
Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was conducted among 94 adults aged 18 years and older living in Giyani, Limpopo province. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the data, while a Chi-squared test was used to determine if there is any association between awareness and independent variables with categorised outcomes.
Results: Adults aged between 18 and 65 years participated in this study. Most participants were aware of aural itchiness (71.3%) and pain (35%) as symptoms related to middle ear pathologies. The use of cotton buds (51.1%) and other illnesses (35.5%) were primarily reported as risk factors for middle ear pathologies. There were varied responses with regard to awareness of which professionals manage middle ear pathologies, indicating a general lack of awareness. No statistically significant association was found between the dependent and independent variables (p 0.005).
Conclusion: The study indicated a general lack of public awareness regarding middle ear pathologies and their associated risk factors among Giyani community.
Contribution: The study raises implications for public awareness campaign that educates communities about middle ear pathologies, risk factors and social determinants of health associated with these pathologies.
Contexte : Les résidents des EHPAD (Établissements d’Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes) français sont nombreux à présenter des troubles de la déglutition. Ces troubles s’expriment à travers des symptômes spécifiques, mais aussi non spécifiques. Les conséquences des troubles de la déglutition peuvent être fatales. Cependant, la fausse route obstructive n’est pas la seule conséquence à prendre en considération. La qualité de vie et l’autonomie des résidents doit rester le moteur principal de leur accompagnement. Les professionnels des EHPAD sont tous concernés par les troubles de la déglutition. Les troubles de la déglutition peuvent s’accompagner de modifications des textures alimentaires. Ces dernières ne sont pas toujours bénéfiques pour les résidents et s’accompagnent d'inconvénients.Les données scientifiques indiquent que la recherche de consentement éclairé avant la mise en place d’adaptation ne semble pas systématique. Les connaissances des professionnels semblent incomplètes et les principes éthiques ne permettent pas de répondre de façon méthodique aux dilemmes moraux rencontrés lorsque les résidents refusent les textures modifiées. La responsabilité professionnelle retenue en cas de fausses routes obstructives est floue.
Objectifs : Notre étude avait pour objectif de déterminer les connaissances et représentations des professionnels des EHPAD concernant les troubles de la déglutition, leurs adaptations et les implications juridiques. Elle avait également pour objectif de déterminer les répercussions de ces représentations et connaissances sur leurs pratiques professionnelles, notamment en ce qui concerne la recherche de consentement éclairé avant la modification des textures alimentaires et hydriques. Les données recueillies avaient pour objectifs de démontrer que les connaissances des professionnels concernant les troubles de la déglutition sont incomplètes et que la recherche de consentement éclairé n’est pas systématique avant la modification des textures alimentaires.
Méthode : L’analyse de notre questionnaire à destination des professionnels exerçant en EHPAD en France permet de répondre à nos hypothèses.
Résultats : Les connaissances des professionnels des EHPAD au sujet des troubles de la déglutition sont incomplètes. Un sentiment d’anxiété marqué est relevé face à ces derniers. La recherche de consentement éclairé n’est pas systématique avant la mise en place de textures modifiées.
Conclusion : Cette étude légitime la proposition de formations en EHPAD et détermine les thématiques à prioriser. De nouvelles formations permettraient une amélioration de la qualité de vie chez les résidentes et résidents en EHPAD, avec une meilleure prise en considération des droits fondamentaux de la personne âgée.
En este artículo, analizo la presencia del cuento tipo ATU 804 en distintos países del Mediterráneo occidental, empezando por España, para después centrarme en las variantes italianas, sobre todo en las que aparecen en una serie de grabaciones sonoras inéditas de gran valor documental. Los objetivos son: a través de variantes y versiones distintas, estudiar cuáles son las características más frecuentes y estables en una protagonista peculiar; establecer qué otros tipos de cuentos suelen combinarse con ATU 804 y sugerir algunas razones por las que la gran mayoría de las personas que cuentan este relato son mujeres.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
The aim of this article is to describe a brief overview of the current scientific concept of selective mutism. Professional awareness of selective mutism has undergone significant changes since the first pioneering work of Dr. Kussmaul in 1877 and the later work of child psychiatrist Tramer in 1934. This review study provides a summary of the current scientific knowledge on selective mutism. The main goal is to draw attention to the fact that current studies and analyzes offer the classification of selective mutism among neurodevelopmental disorders, as selective mutism is a heterogeneous, complex and multifaceted disorder. Classification among anxiety disorders does not appear to be entirely appropriate. At the same time, the text offers a proposal of subtypes for selective mutism, which implies the necessity of a multimodal intervention. At the forefront of scientific research is now the effort to uncover the relationship between anxiety and selective mutism - whether it is an etiological mechanism or a symptom. Clarification of this issue would probably lead to the reclassification of this relatively rare anxiety disorder.
Dementia is a complex syndrome with a rapidly growing global incidence. It has a dramatic impact, not only on the life of the patient who has been diagnosed, butalso on the lives of his or her loved ones. At the same time, the costs associated with dementia are significantly higher than the costs of other major diseases. Research confirms that the elimination of known modifiable risk factors can lead to a potential significant reduction in the incidence of dementia.In the absence of effective treatment, knowledge of the risk factors and primary prevention are essential measures for global public health. Risk factors are divided into modifiable and non-modifiable, according to the extent to which they are influenced by the individual's lifestyle. The following article gives an overview of these risk factors for dementia, according to the conclusions of current research, as well as recommendations for prevention.
Drawing on motivating language theory (MLT), this paper aims to demonstrate the effects of strategic leader speech in the context of internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication. Specifically, the study (1) examines how leader motivating language strategies used in CSR communication influence employees’ CSR engagement and employee–organization relationships (EORs) and (2) identifies the mediator explaining the underlying psychological mechanism of the effects. Structural equation modeling was performed on a sample of 406 participants who are full-time and part-time employees in the U.S. The results showed that leader motivating language was positively associated with employees’ CSR engagement and EOR quality. Such relationships were significantly mediated by person–organization (PO) fit. This study advances CSR research and practice by explicating the impact of leaders’ oral communication in constructing employees’ CSR experiences and relationships with the employer.
oor social-pragmatic communication is one of the frequent symptoms of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The determining factors of the syncopes which occur on the communication level are the deficits in the receptive and expressive language. The role of communication and language, the intervention of the parent in the process of recovering the child, the training of the parents as well as the early intervention in the Autism Spectrum Disorder are aspects that have benefited from more attention lately. The main objective of this paper is to observe the progress made by the children with ASD, who have benefited from online education and recovery therapy from a therapist. The case study was used, through observing the evaluation reports with the help of the ABLLS-R evaluation tool, applied to five children with ASD. The expected results have taken the form of improved performance on the evaluated subscales and with improved results in the intervention applied by the parent and guided by the therapist. These findings are meant to emphasize the importance of parent involvement in the process of developing language and communication, as well as recovery in the context of ASD.
The article reveals specificity of internal converse practice in the media discourse. The converse is
defined as a speech-and-cognitive category that characterizes a constructive principle of the media text manifested
in insertion of other person’s utterances into the monospeech of a journalist. It is stated that the major means of
converse practice is citing direct speech of some other person, which enables precise marking of citation boundaries
in media texts. The other person’s utterance insertion is marked by the use of reporting verbs that nominate
processes of saying or communication in oral or written forms of media discourse, indicating the source of citation
with introductory constructions, as well as the names and nicknames of radio listeners who sent their questions.
Direct speech may be introduced into the author’s text without any special linguistic markers. The sources of
quoting relevant for the media text are revealed, including radio listeners, journalists, writers, economists, public
and political figures, heroes of modern books and popular movies, mass media. Four functions of the cited utterances
are considered relevant for the modern media text: compositional, authoritarian, interpretive and constructive. The
types of converse relations that arise between the author’s and other person’s cited speech are determined.
Swiss dialects of German are, unlike many dialects of other standardised languages, widely used in everyday communication. Despite this fact, automatic processing of Swiss German is still a considerable challenge due to the fact that it is mostly a spoken variety and that it is subject to considerable regional variation. This paper presents the ArchiMob corpus, a freely available general-purpose corpus of spoken Swiss German based on oral history interviews. The corpus is a result of a long design process, intensive manual work and specially adapted computational processing. We first present the modalities of access of the corpus for linguistic, historic and computational research. We then describe how the documents were transcribed, segmented and aligned with the sound source. This work involved a series of experiments that have led to automatically annotated normalisation and part-of-speech tagging layers. Finally, we present several case studies to motivate the use of the corpus for digital humanities in general and for dialectology in particular.
Elizabeth A. Hirshorn, Matthew W G Dye, P. Hauser
et al.
While reading is challenging for many deaf individuals, some become proficient readers. Little is known about the component processes that support reading comprehension in these individuals. Speech-based phonological knowledge is one of the strongest predictors of reading comprehension in hearing individuals, yet its role in deaf readers is controversial. This could reflect the highly varied language backgrounds among deaf readers as well as the difficulty of disentangling the relative contribution of phonological versus orthographic knowledge of spoken language, in our case ‘English,’ in this population. Here we assessed the impact of language experience on reading comprehension in deaf readers by recruiting oral deaf individuals, who use spoken English as their primary mode of communication, and deaf native signers of American Sign Language. First, to address the contribution of spoken English phonological knowledge in deaf readers, we present novel tasks that evaluate phonological versus orthographic knowledge. Second, the impact of this knowledge, as well as memory measures that rely differentially on phonological (serial recall) and semantic (free recall) processing, on reading comprehension was evaluated. The best predictor of reading comprehension differed as a function of language experience, with free recall being a better predictor in deaf native signers than in oral deaf. In contrast, the measures of English phonological knowledge, independent of orthographic knowledge, best predicted reading comprehension in oral deaf individuals. These results suggest successful reading strategies differ across deaf readers as a function of their language experience, and highlight a possible alternative route to literacy in deaf native signers. Highlights: 1. Deaf individuals vary in their orthographic and phonological knowledge of English as a function of their language experience. 2. Reading comprehension was best predicted by different factors in oral deaf and deaf native signers. 3. Free recall memory (primacy effect) better predicted reading comprehension in deaf native signers as compared to oral deaf or hearing individuals. 4. Language experience should be taken into account when considering cognitive processes that mediate reading in deaf individuals.
This article offers a review of the
main contributions to fieldwork, documentation and
other related topics on the Soria’s oral literature,
from the earliest attested examples to the present.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Francisco José García Gallardo, Herminia Arredondo Pérez, Virginia Sánchez López
et al.
Este artículo ofrece una aproximación crítica a las principales labores de documentación y estudios sobre la música tradicional de Andalucía desde los primeros trabajos de campo hasta la actualidad.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
En este artículo se ofrece una aproximación crítica a las principales labores de documentación y estudio de las narraciones orales de Galicia desde los primeros trabajos de campo hasta la actualidad.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Este artículo ofrece una aproximación crítica a las labores de documentación y estudio de los cuentos tradicionales de Murcia desde los primeros trabajos de campo hasta la actualidad.
Oral communication. Speech, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Tarwacka-Odolczyk Agata, Tomaszewski Piotr, Szymańska Agnieszka
et al.
This paper discusses the communicative competence of deaf children. It illustrates the process in which such children build narrative texts in interaction with a deaf teacher, and presents the diversity of this process due to the shared vs. non-shared perception of a picture - the source of the topic. Detailed analyses focus on the formal and semantic aspect of the stories, including the length of the text in sign language, the content selected, information categories, and types of answers to the teacher’s questions. This text is our contribution in memory of Professor Grace Wales Shugar, whose idea of dual agentivity of child-adult interaction inspired the research presented here.