Hasil untuk "Architectural drawing and design"

Natasha Dow Schll

Recent decades have seen a dramatic shift away from social forms of gambling played around roulette wheels and card tables to solitary gambling at electronic terminals. Slot machines, revamped by ever more compelling digital and video technology, have unseated traditional casino games as the gambling industry's revenue mainstay. Addiction by Design takes readers into the intriguing world of machine gambling, an increasingly popular and absorbing form of play that blurs the line between human and machine, compulsion and control, risk and reward. Drawing on fifteen years of field research in Las Vegas, anthropologist Natasha Dow Schll shows how the mechanical rhythm of electronic gambling pulls players into a trancelike state they call the "machine zone," in which daily worries, social demands, and even bodily awareness fade away. Once in the zone, gambling addicts play not to win but simply to keep playing, for as long as possible--even at the cost of physical and economic exhaustion. In continuous machine play, gamblers seek to lose themselves while the gambling industry seeks profit. Schll describes the strategic calculations behind game algorithms and machine ergonomics, casino architecture and "ambience management," player tracking and cash access systems--all designed to meet the market's desire for maximum "time on device." Her account moves from casino floors into gamblers' everyday lives, from gambling industry conventions and Gamblers Anonymous meetings to regulatory debates over whether addiction to gambling machines stems from the consumer, the product, or the interplay between the two. Addiction by Design is a compelling inquiry into the intensifying traffic between people and machines of chance, offering clues to some of the broader anxieties and predicaments of contemporary life. At stake in Schll's account of the intensifying traffic between people and machines of chance is a blurring of the line between design and experience, profit and loss, control and compulsion.

Sanja Aaramaa, Sandun Dasanayake, Markku Oivo et al.

Requirements volatility is a major issue in software (SW) development, causing problems such as project delays and cost overruns. Even though there is a considerable amount of research related to requirement volatility, the majority of it is inclined toward project management aspects. The relationship between SW architecture design and requirements volatility has not been researched widely, even though changing requirements may for example lead to higher defect density during testing. An exploratory case study was conducted to study how requirements volatility affects SW architecture design. Fifteen semi-structured, thematic interviews were conducted in the case company, which provides the selection of software products for business customers and consumers. The research revealed the factors, such as requirements uncertainty and dynamic business environment, causing requirements volatility in the case company. The study identified the challenges that requirements volatility posed to SW architecture design, including scheduling and architectural technical debt. In addition, this study discusses means of mitigating the factors that cause requirements volatility and addressing the challenges posed by requirements volatility. SW architects are strongly influenced by requirement volatility. Thus understanding the factors causing requirements volatility as well as means to mitigate the challenges has high industrial relevance.

Aleksei Kondratenko, Mussie Birhane, Houssame E. Hsain et al.

AEC drawings encode geometry and semantics through symbols, layout conventions, and dense annotation, yet it remains unclear whether modern multimodal and vision-language models can reliably interpret this graphical language. We present AECV-Bench, a benchmark for evaluating multimodal and vision-language models on realistic AEC artefacts via two complementary use cases: (i) object counting on 120 high-quality floor plans (doors, windows, bedrooms, toilets), and (ii) drawing-grounded document QA spanning 192 question-answer pairs that test text extraction (OCR), instance counting, spatial reasoning, and comparative reasoning over common drawing regions. Object-counting performance is reported using per-field exact-match accuracy and MAPE results, while document-QA performance is reported using overall accuracy and per-category breakdowns with an LLM-as-a-judge scoring pipeline and targeted human adjudication for edge cases. Evaluating a broad set of state-of-the-art models under a unified protocol, we observe a stable capability gradient; OCR and text-centric document QA are strongest (up to 0.95 accuracy), spatial reasoning is moderate, and symbol-centric drawing understanding - especially reliable counting of doors and windows - remains unsolved (often 0.40-0.55 accuracy) with substantial proportional errors. These results suggest that current systems function well as document assistants but lack robust drawing literacy, motivating domain-specific representations and tool-augmented, human-in-the-loop workflows for an efficient AEC automation.

Ben Pfaff, Justin Pettit, T. Koponen et al.

Yunfan Gao, Yun Xiong, Meng Wang et al.

Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) has markedly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in tackling knowledge-intensive tasks. The increasing demands of application scenarios have driven the evolution of RAG, leading to the integration of advanced retrievers, LLMs and other complementary technologies, which in turn has amplified the intricacy of RAG systems. However, the rapid advancements are outpacing the foundational RAG paradigm, with many methods struggling to be unified under the process of"retrieve-then-generate". In this context, this paper examines the limitations of the existing RAG paradigm and introduces the modular RAG framework. By decomposing complex RAG systems into independent modules and specialized operators, it facilitates a highly reconfigurable framework. Modular RAG transcends the traditional linear architecture, embracing a more advanced design that integrates routing, scheduling, and fusion mechanisms. Drawing on extensive research, this paper further identifies prevalent RAG patterns-linear, conditional, branching, and looping-and offers a comprehensive analysis of their respective implementation nuances. Modular RAG presents innovative opportunities for the conceptualization and deployment of RAG systems. Finally, the paper explores the potential emergence of new operators and paradigms, establishing a solid theoretical foundation and a practical roadmap for the continued evolution and practical deployment of RAG technologies.

Leo Guo, Hirak Kansara, Siamak F. Khosroshahi et al.

Finite element (FE) simulations of structures and materials are getting increasingly more accurate, but also more computationally expensive as a collateral result. This development happens in parallel with a growing demand of data-driven design. To reconcile the two, a robust and data-efficient optimization method called Bayesian optimization (BO) has been previously established as a technique to optimize expensive objective functions. In parallel, the mesh width of an FE model can be exploited to evaluate an objective at a lower or higher fidelity (cost & accuracy) level. The multi-fidelity setting applied to BO, called multi-fidelity BO (MFBO), has also seen previous success. However, BO and MFBO have not seen a direct comparison with when faced with with a real-life engineering problem, such as metamaterial design for deformation and absorption qualities. Moreover, sampling quality and assessing design parameter sensitivity is often an underrepresented part of data-driven design. This paper aims to address these shortcomings by employing Sobol' samples with variance-based sensitivity analysis in order to reduce design problem complexity. Furthermore, this work describes, implements, applies and compares the performance BO with that MFBO when maximizing the energy absorption (EA) problem of spinodoid cellular structures is concerned. The findings show that MFBO is an effective way to maximize the EA of a spinodoid structure and is able to outperform BO by up to 11% across various hyperparameter settings. The results, which are made open-source, serve to support the utility of multi-fidelity techniques across expensive data-driven design problems.

Jialiang Wang, Hanmo Liu, Shimin Di et al.

Designing high-performance neural networks for new tasks requires balancing optimization quality with search efficiency. Current methods fail to achieve this balance: neural architectural search is computationally expensive, while model retrieval often yields suboptimal static checkpoints. To resolve this dilemma, we model the performance gains induced by fine-grained architectural modifications as edit-effect evidence and build evidence graphs from prior tasks. By constructing a retrieval-augmented model refinement framework, our proposed M-DESIGN dynamically weaves historical evidence to discover near-optimal modification paths. M-DESIGN features an adaptive retrieval mechanism that quickly calibrates the evolving transferability of edit-effect evidence from different sources. To handle out-of-distribution shifts, we introduce predictive task planners that extrapolate gains from multi-hop evidence, thereby reducing reliance on an exhaustive repository. Based on our model knowledge base of 67,760 graph neural networks across 22 datasets, extensive experiments demonstrate that M-DESIGN consistently outperforms baselines, achieving the search-space best performance in 26 out of 33 cases under a strict budget.

Utkarsh Anand, Diya Parekh, Thakur Pranav G. Singh et al.

The use of parallel manipulators in aerospace engineering has gained significant attention due to their ability to provide improved stability and precision. This paper presents the design, control, and analysis of 'STEWIE', which is a three-degree-of-freedom (DoF) parallel manipulator robot developed by members of the thrustMIT rocketry team, as a payload stabilization mechanism for their sounding rocket, 'Altair'. The goal of the robot was to demonstrate the attitude control of the parallel plate against the continuous change in orientation experienced by the rocket during its flight, stabilizing the payloads. At the same time, the high gravitational forces (G-forces) and vibrations experienced by the sounding rocket are counteracted. A novel design of the mechanism, inspired by a standard Stewart platform, is proposed which was down-scaled to fit inside a 4U CubeSat within its space constraints. The robot uses three micro servo motors to actuate the links that control the alignment of the parallel plate. In addition to the actuation mechanism, a robust control system for its manipulation was developed for the robot. The robot represents a significant advancement in the field of space robotics in the aerospace industry by demonstrating the successful implementation of complex robotic mechanisms in small, confined spaces such as CubeSats, which are standard form factors for large payloads in the aerospace industry.

Pouria Mistani, Venkatesh Mysore

We present a multi-objective binder design paradigm based on instruction fine-tuning and direct preference optimization (DPO) of autoregressive protein language models (pLMs). Multiple design objectives are encoded in the language model through direct optimization on expert curated preference sequence datasets comprising preferred and dispreferred distributions. We show the proposed alignment strategy enables ProtGPT2 to effectively design binders conditioned on specified receptors and a drug developability criterion. Generated binder samples demonstrate median isoelectric point (pI) improvements by $17\%-60\%$.

Cristovao Freitas Iglesias, Claudio Miceli, Miodrag Bolic

The Internet of Things is a paradigm that refers to the ubiquitous presence around us of physical objects equipped with sensing, networking, and processing capabilities that allow them to cooperate with their environment to reach common goals. However, any threat affecting the availability of IoT applications can be crucial financially and for the safety of the physical integrity of users. This feature calls for IoT applications that remain operational and efficiently handle possible threats. However, designing an IoT application that can handle threats is challenging for stakeholders due to the high susceptibility to threats of IoT applications and the lack of modeling mechanisms that contemplate resilience as a first-class representation. In this paper, an architectural Design Decision Model for Resilient IoT applications is presented to reduce the difficulty of stakeholders in designing resilient IoT applications. Our approach is illustrated and demonstrates the value through the modeling of a case.

Susanna Caroppo, Giordano Da Lozzo, Giuseppe Di Battista

In this paper, we initiate the study of quantum algorithms in the Graph Drawing research area. We focus on two foundational drawing standards: 2-level drawings and book layouts. Concerning $2$-level drawings, we consider the problems of obtaining drawings with the minimum number of crossings, $k$-planar drawings, quasi-planar drawings, and the problem of removing the minimum number of edges to obtain a $2$-level planar graph. Concerning book layouts, we consider the problems of obtaining $1$-page book layouts with the minimum number of crossings, book embeddings with the minimum number of pages, and the problem of removing the minimum number of edges to obtain an outerplanar graph. We explore both the quantum circuit and the quantum annealing models of computation. In the quantum circuit model, we provide an algorithmic framework based on Grover's quantum search, which allows us to obtain, at least, a quadratic speedup on the best classical exact algorithms for all the considered problems. In the quantum annealing model, we perform experiments on the quantum processing unit provided by D-Wave, focusing on the classical $2$-level crossing minimization problem, demonstrating that quantum annealing is competitive with respect to classical algorithms.

Jagatheesan Kunasaikaran, Kevin Mato, Robert Wille

Superconducting quantum hardware architectures have been designed by considering the physical constraints of the underlying physics. These general-purpose architectures leave room for customization and optimization that can be exploited with alternative architectures specific to the quantum applications that will be executed on the quantum hardware. However, the corresponding design steps are hardly integrated yet and still rely heavily on manual labor. In this work, we provide a software framework that aims at providing a foundation to address this drawback. To this end, we first review the design of superconducting quantum hardware architectures and, afterwards, propose a cohesive framework encapsulating the design flow of an application-specific quantum hardware architecture. The resulting framework integrates high-level architecture generation optimized for a quantum application, the physical layout of the architecture, as well as optimization of the layout in a methodical manner. The framework with a reference implementation is available via https://github.com/cda-tum/dasqa under an open-source license.

Zekiye Canoruç Şahin

Bir başkasının varlığıyla anlam bulan insan, yaşadığı toplumda kurmuş olduğu ilişkiler sonucu zaman zaman psikoterapiye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Psikoterapi, sözel yöntemlerle gerçekleştirilebileceği gibi sanatsal yöntemler kullanılarak da gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Psikoterapi yöntemlerinden biri olan sanatla terapi yönteminde birey, içinde bulunduğu durumu ve duygularını bir sanat eseri üzerinden ifade etmeye çalışır. Sanat terapisinin amacı, sanat yoluyla hastanın ya da danışanın kendisini iyi hissetmesini, ruhsal durumunu sağlıklı bir noktaya getirmesini sağlamaktır. Sanat terapisi disiplinlerarası bir çalışma alanı sunarak bireylerin kendilerini iyi hissetmeleri için alternatif bir yol sunmaktadır. Sanat ve psikoloji alanlarına dayanan sanat terapisi, insan gelişimi, psikolojik danışmanlık teorileri ve tekniklerinin yanında, yaratıcı süreç, fotoğraf, resim, heykel, müzik, dans, drama vb. gibi sanat uygulama alanlarına da sahip olmayı gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, sanat terapisi kavramı, tarihçesi, sanat terapisi yaklaşımları ve uygulama alanları açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca sanatla terapi yöntemlerinden birisi olan fotoğrafla terapi yöntemi, fotoğrafla terapinin tarihçesi, fotoğraf terapisi tekniğinde yararlanılan fotoğraf türleri ile ilgili bilgiler sunulmuştur. Sanatsal bir ifade biçimi olan fotoğrafın, sağlık alanında kullanılmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Çalışmayla ilgili olarak literatür araştırması yapılarak bilimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Fotoğraf sanatı, sanatsal, tarihi, kültürel, ekonomik değeriyle ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile fotoğraf sanatının tedavi edici, iyileştirici yönüne vurgu yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Günümüzde kullanımı gittikçe artan ve her alanda kullanılan fotoğrafın, insanların iç dünyasına dair önemli bilgiler verdiği ve fotoğraf sayesinde kendini rahat ve kolay bir şekilde ifade edebildiği ortaya konulmuştur.

Ahmed Saleh, Muhammad Ali

Sciagraphy courses remain crucial for nurturing the imaginative and design prowess of architecture students during their foundational studies. Nevertheless, amidst the ongoing digital revolution, it is imperative to reevaluate the course content and structure by involving seamless integration with emerging tools, rather than relying solely on manual drawing. The research gap addressed in this paper pertains to the scarcity of literature and case studies offering a framework for the innovative adaptation of sciagraphy courses to align with the new digital design tools, including digital fabrication and parametric design. This gap is particularly pronounced in the Arab region. This research is based on a case study of a hybrid sciagraphy course curriculum blending digital design with manual proficiency, successful in three Egyptian universities. The course merges handcrafted mockups, sketches, and digital tools, refining artisanal skills and technological prowess. Emphasizing sciagraphy and perspective hones students' imaginative capacities, formative skills, and shadow comprehension. It also prioritizes conveying concepts through shadows and exploring diverse design avenues. The paper thoroughly details the curriculum, workflow, and impressive student progress. A comprehensive survey to educators was conducted, highlighting perceptual gaps in integrating digital tools into sciagraphy education. The research effectively reveals the symbiotic efficacy of digital tools in traditional courses, crucial for holistic skill acquisition. The study's implications resonate profoundly in Egyptian architectural education, effectively equipping students to adapt fluently to the dynamic architectural milieu. Moreover, the research underscores the enduring viability of such innovation, serving as a pivotal cornerstone of early architectural education in digital era.

A. A. Khamis, Sherif A. Ibrahim, M. A. Khateb et al.

The parametric design process is one of the modern architectural trends. It assists in the decision-making process during the early conceptual design stage. It introduces several design alternatives from which the designers can choose to achieve the most suitable design concept. Through this process, the BIM (Building Information Modelling) is considered as the stage of converting the preferred design concept to execution drawings and building information. Furthermore, the computerized digital fabrication stages will assist in building the desired model in different scales for the final decision to be taken. This paper spotlight the overall parametric design process workflow from the “design stage” (using Grasshopper which is a plugin in rhino parametric design software) passing through the Revit software that is responsible for the working drawings execution to the “manufacturing stage” using Simplify 3D software for the preparation of the mock-up digital fabrication model using 3D printing.

Morva Saaty, Jaitun V. Patel, Derek Haqq et al.

Social media captures examples of people's behaviors, actions, beliefs, and sentiments. As a result, it can be a valuable source of information and inspiration for HCI research and design. Social media technologies can improve, inform, and strengthen insights to better understand and represent user populations. To understand the position of social media research and analysis in the design process, this paper seeks to highlight shortcomings of using traditional research methods (e.g., interviews, focus groups) that ignore or don't adequately reflect relevant social media, and this paper speculates about the importance and benefits of leveraging social media for establishing context in supplement with these methods. We present examples that guide our thinking and introduce discussion around concerns related to using social media data.

Damien Chablat, Riccardo Mattacchione, Erika Ottaviano

In this paper, a robot with parallel architecture is proposed for charging an electric vehicle having the charging socket on its front side. Kinematic models are developed to design the robot for a given workspace that corresponds to the car's plug placements. A demonstrator composed by commercial components is shown.

Soheyl Massoudi, Jürg Schiffmann

The purpose of this study is to introduce ANN-based software for the fast evaluation of rotordynamics in the context of robust and integrated design. It is based on a surrogate model made of ensembles of artificial neural networks running in a Bokeh web application. The use of a surrogate model has sped up the computation by three orders of magnitude compared to the current models. ARRID offers fast performance information, including the effect of manufacturing deviations. As such, it helps the designer to make optimal design choices early in the design process. The designer can manipulate the parameters of the design and the operating conditions to obtain performance information in a matter of seconds.

Chiara Vernizzi, Enrico Prandi

Is there still a need to reflect on a classic theme of the disciplinary research of architecture such as the relationship between design and project? We think so, for a few reasons. It is no coincidence that many architects – defined Masters for their suggestion of a way forward in the project – have directly or indirectly expressed an opinion on this crucial theme of architectural research, reaffirming its importance as an irreplaceable tool. But the ultimate reason is the change in the boundary conditions given by the evolution (or involution) of the expressive instrumentation available to the practice of the project. Faced with the danger that CAD will turn from a tool to help drawing into a design tool, it is not superfluous to reiterate on the one hand the fundamentals of the design discipline and on the other the importance of hand drawing.

Jeetendra Singh