Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

Nazia Tasnim, Keanu Nichols, Yuting Yang et al.

Humans learn object orientation progressively, from recognizing which way an object faces, to mentally rotating it, to reasoning about orientations between objects. Current vision-language benchmarks largely conflate orientation with position and general scene understanding. We introduce Discriminative Orientation Reasoning Intelligence (DORI), a cognitively grounded hierarchical benchmark that makes object orientation the primary target. Inspired by stages of human orientation cognition, DORI decomposes orientation into four dimensions, each evaluated at coarse (categorical) and granular (metric) levels. Composed from 13,652 images across 14 sources, DORI provides 33,656 multiple-choice questions covering 67 object categories in real-world and synthetic settings. Its coarse-to-granular design isolates orientation from confounds such as object recognition difficulty, scene clutter, and linguistic ambiguity via bounding-box isolation, standardized spatial reference frames, and structured prompts. Evaluating 24 state-of-the-art vision-language models shows a clear pattern: models that perform well on general spatial benchmarks are near-random on object-centric orientation tasks. The best models reach only 54.2% on coarse and 45.0% on granular judgments, with largest failures on compound rotations and shifts in inter-object reference frames. Large coarse-to-granular gaps reveal reliance on categorical heuristics rather than geometric reasoning, a limitation hidden by existing benchmarks. These results identify orientation understanding as an unsolved challenge for multimodal systems, with implications for robotic manipulation, 3D scene reconstruction, and human-AI interaction.

Jing Yu, Jie-Xiang Zhu

We study the enumeration of graph orientations under local degree constraints. Given a finite graph $G = (V, E)$ and a family of admissible sets $\{\mathsf P_v \subseteq \mathbb{Z} : v \in V\}$, let $\mathcal N (G; \prod_{v \in V} \mathsf P_v)$ denote the number of orientations in which the out-degree of each vertex $v$ lies in $P_v$. We prove a general duality formula expressing $\mathcal N(G; \prod_{v \in V} \mathsf P_v)$ as a signed sum over edge subsets, involving products of coefficient sums associated with $\{\mathsf P_v\}_{v \in V}$, from a family of polynomials. Our approach employs gauge transformations, a technique rooted in statistical physics and holographic algorithms. We also present a probabilistic derivation of the same identity, interpreting the orientation-generating polynomial as the expectation of a random polynomial product. As applications, we obtain explicit formulas for the number of even orientations and for mixed Eulerian-even orientations on general graphs. Our formula generalizes a result of Borbényi and Csikvári on Eulerian orientations of graphs.

Makbule Merve Uca

This article examines the collecting practice of Sadberk Koç (1908–1973), whose systematic engagement with Ottoman textiles and domestic artefacts culminated in the posthumous establishment of the Sadberk Hanım Museum, Turkey’s first officially recognised private museum. By foregrounding vernacular material culture – embroideries, garments, and household textiles embedded in everyday and ritual life – Koç’s practice complemented the broader heritage landscape of the early Republic, which, in its pursuit of modernisation and secularisation, placed greater emphasis on monumental architecture, modern painting and sculpture, and Western-oriented music and performing arts, while forms of vernacular domestic material culture, received comparatively little institutional attention. Drawing on archival inventories, oral histories, and family recollections, the study situates her ethos within intersecting narratives of gender, modernisation, and cultural policy. It also highlights the intellectual affinities and networks of mid-twentieth-century women collectors, whose practices reframed private acquisition as cultural stewardship. The museum’s subsequent development and its plans for expansion into a purpose-built complex illustrate the ongoing negotiation between domestic and institutional spheres, and between private initiative and public mission. By bridging vernacular and monumental, intimate and institutional, Koç’s legacy demonstrates how individual agency recalibrated national heritage discourses, ensuring that the textures of everyday life became part of Turkey’s cultural record.

Aziza Shanazarova

This article examines the sacred narrative traditions surrounding Nūr Atā, a small town in present-day Uzbekistan, to explore how Muslim communities in Central Asia expressed their religious history. Drawing on seven manuscripts preserved at the Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies in Tashkent, six in Persian and one in Turkic, the study identifies two distinct traditions that portray the town’s sanctity through prophetic miracle stories, hadith transmission chains, and Sufi cosmology. It explores how narrative form, linguistic variation, and intertextual references shape distinct devotional and historiographical claims. The topics addressed include the relationship between sacred narrative and historiography, the role of ritual practice in sacralizing space, and the textual transmission of spiritual authority. The sacred history of Nūr Atā offers a compelling vision of the town’s religious significance, communicated through both the content and structure of its narratives. These accounts position the town not merely as a local pilgrimage site but as a locus of divine favor embedded within the sacred geography of Islam. By linking the Prophet’s Miʿrāj, angelic testimony, and Sufi initiatic traditions to the landscape of Nūr Atā, the texts construct a genealogy of sanctity that aligns the local with the universal. In doing so, they articulate a vision of communal identity rooted in divine election, prophetic blessing, and spiritual legitimacy. The case of Nūr Atā thus underscores the need to treat sacred narratives, pilgrimage guides, and genealogical traditions as forms of historiography in their own right. These sources do not merely supplement court chronicles or administrative histories; they constitute vital modes through which Central Asian Muslim communities preserved collective memory, asserted religious authority, and inscribed themselves within the broader landscape of the Islamic world.

Selin Altunsoy

Naira Sahakyan

Manuel Estevez, Erika Roldan, Henry Segerman

Which surfaces can be realized with two-dimensional faces of the five-dimensional cube (the penteract)? How can we visualize them? In recent work, Aveni, Govc, and Roldan, show that there exist 2690 connected closed cubical surfaces up to isomorphism in the 5-cube. They give a classification in terms of their genus $g$ for closed orientable cubical surfaces and their demigenus $k$ for a closed non-orientable cubical surface. In this paper, we explain the main idea behind the exhaustive search and we visualize the projection to $\mathbb{R}^3$ of a torus, a genus two torus, the projective plane, and the Klein bottle. We use reinforcement learning techniques to obtain configurations optimized for 3D printing.

Wesam Gouda, Faisal Alsaqabi, Maryam Almurshed et al.

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare, benign condition affecting young Oriental-Asian females. It is characterized by fever and tender cervical lymphadenopathy with an unclear aetiology, and in most longitudinal reviews, KFD occurs before systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, the case of a 28-year-old Kuwaiti female without any relevant past medical history, who was simultaneously diagnosed with KFD and SLE following an Ebstein–Barr virus infection, is reported. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporin, and belimumab and her response was clinically and biochemically favourable. Although KFD is prevalent in Asian populations, it may affect all races. Early diagnosis of KFD is difficult, particularly when simultaneously diagnosed with SLE, but crucial to preventing inappropriate therapy. Clinicians need to know about this rare disease, especially when patients present with fever and swollen lymph nodes, due to a risk of misdiagnosis with tuberculosis or lymphoma, as these are more often thought to be the cause of such symptoms.

Maurus Reinkowski

Elif Shannon-Chastain

On May 12, 1912, the Varyete Tiyatrosu in Istanbul’s Beyoğlu district hosted a seminal event in the annals of Ottoman theatre: the first official jubilee honoring the Armenian actor and director Mardiros Mnagian for his half-century of contributions to the empire’s theatrical arts. This event preluded the 1914 establishment of Darü’l Bedâyi, the inaugural Turkish theatre, by Turkish Muslim intellectuals and the Istanbul city government. While Mnagian’s role as principal drama instructor at Darü’l Bedâyi’s was proof of his initial import to the institution, he was not immune to politically motivated exclusion. His abrupt dismissal on July 13, 1915, speaks to the larger shadow of the Armenian Genocide, which removed Armenian talent from the burgeoning Turkish theatrical scene. After his dismissal, Mnagian dedicated his remaining years to nurturing new Armenian theatre troupes, leaving an indelible mark on the cultural landscape until his death in 1920. Mnagian’s life and career, often overlooked by scholars, present a compelling study of an individual navigating the dual facets of an Ottoman-Armenian identity within the theatrical realm. This research aims to delve into Mnagian’s intricate identity interplay, dissecting how he balanced and projected his Armenian and Ottoman personas in his theatrical pursuits. Such an inquiry not only resurrects Mnagian’s obscured legacy but also illuminates the dynamics of cooperation and the subsequent dominance of the Ottoman-Turkish community over the Ottoman-Armenian community in the cultural sphere. Mnagian’s contributions transcended communal lines; he was not only a seminal figure in Western-style Armenian theatre but also, as his name suggested, a martyr in the evolution of Turkish theatre. His life and death bridge cultures in a textured narrative of service and unity, underscoring the multifaceted role he played in shaping the theatrical heritage of the Ottoman Empire.

Portuese, Ludovico

The papers in this collection were first presented at a workshop entitled Hygiene in the Ancient Near East: Power, Privilege, Inequality at the 68th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale in Leiden (July 20th, 2023). The purpose of the workshop was to present the current knowledge on hygiene and cleanliness practices in the ancient Near East, with a particular focus on re-constructing the effects that these practices had at the social level. The workshop was part of the project GALATEO - Good Attitudes for Life in Assyrian Times: Etiquette and Observance of Norms in Male and Female Groups, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement No. 101027543).

P. Mark Kayll, Michael Morris

We prove that for every oriented graph $D$ and every choice of positive integers $k$ and $\ell$, there exists an oriented graph $D^*$ along with a surjective homomorphism $ψ\colon V(D^*) \to V(D)$ such that: (i) girth$(D^*) \geq\ell$; (ii) for every oriented graph $C$ with at most $k$ vertices, there exists a homomorphism from $D^*$ to $C$ if and only if there exists a homomorphism from $D$ to $C$; and (iii) for every $D$-pointed oriented graph $C$ with at most $k$ vertices and for every homomorphism $\varphi\colon V(D^*) \to V(C)$ there exists a unique homomorphism $f\colon V(D) \to V(C)$ such that $\varphi=f \circ ψ$. Determining the oriented chromatic number of an oriented graph $D$ is equivalent to finding the smallest integer $k$ such that $D$ admits a homomorphism to an order-$k$ tournament, so our main theorem yields results on the girth and oriented chromatic number of oriented graphs. While our main proof is probabilistic (hence nonconstructive), for any given $\ell\geq 3$ and $k\geq 5$, we include a construction of an oriented graph with girth $\ell$ and oriented chromatic number $k$.

Florian Gut, Thilo Krill, Florian Reich

A digraph $H$ is called ubiquitous if every digraph that contains arbitrarily many vertex-disjoint copies of $H$ also contains infinitely many vertex-disjoint copies of $H$. We study oriented double rays, that is, digraphs $H$ whose underlying undirected graphs are double rays. Calling a vertex of an oriented double ray a turn if it has in-degree or out-degree 2, we prove that an oriented double ray with at least one turn is ubiquitous if and only if it has a (finite) odd number of turns. It remains an open problem to determine whether the consistently oriented double ray is ubiquitous.

Matthew Maycock, Kuchhat Narayan Chaudhary

The guruwa have been a central part of Dangaura Tharu communities for many years, with various edicts referring to the role as far back as 1807. Within the existing literature, their role was conventionally defined as faith healers/shamans/Tharu cultural leaders. However, with the increasing influence of ‘western’ medicine as embodied by the exponential growth of pharmacies across Nepal, the role of the guruwa in Dangaura Tharu communities has evolved. In this article, we draw on several data sources including PhD fieldwork and subsequent research in a kamaiya basti in Kailali District, Nepal. Additionally, several interviews were conducted with guruwa in several Districts in 2020, to understand the ways that the guruwa are responding to Covid-19. It emerges that the Covid-19 pandemic constitutes a challenge as well as an opportunity to place the stature of the guruwa in Dangaura Tharu communities. Through analyzing the changes to the role of the guruwa, we consider the ways in which interactions with modernity are experienced and given meaning within Dangaura Tharu communities. We also explore the ways in which local modernities are shaped by specific histories and [Tharu] cultural practices. Finally, we consider what the future might look like for the guruwa in Dangaura Tharu communities, and how this critical role in the lives of many Dangaura Tharu communities might further adapt and evolve in the future. Ultimately, we illustrate that the role of the guruwa is at once both ‘traditional’ and ‘modern’.

Jeevan R. Sharma, Michael T. Heneise

Baldavári, Eszter

The role of oriental art was significant in architecture at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. While the Art Nouveau movement in Western Europe was influenced by the Japanese and Persian art, Hungary made efforts to find the origin of the Hungarian architecture. This study presents the Asian trip of architect Károly Róbert Kertész, published in his work entitled Architecture of Ceylon. In the 1930’s architect István Medgyaszay was invited to India to design a museum in Mumbai. His archive, containing the plans, photographs and letters born during the trip, can be found in the Medgyaszay Memorial House. During the reconstruction of Medgyaszay’s Indian trip (2021) some mysterious watercolour plans were discovered among his designs. Additionally, as a result of the research in Mumbai (2020) this study introduces István Medgyaszay’s friendship with Perin Jamshedji Mistri, the first professional woman architect in India; and highlights the role of Jenő Cholnoky geographer in the work of both of the aforementioned architects.

Winfried Hochstättler, Sophia Keip, Kolja Knauer

The separation theorem of Kirchberger can be proven using a combination of Farkas' Lemma and Caratheodory's Theorem. Since those theorems are at the heart of oriented matroids, we are interested in a generalization of Kirchberger's Theorem to them. This has already been done for rank 3 oriented matroids. Here we prove it for complexes of oriented matroids, which are a generalization of oriented matroids.

Sümeyye Hoşgör Büke

Mohammed Alrmizan