Hasil untuk "Engineering"

G. Taguchi

Junmin Zhu, R. Marchant

G. Baxter, I. Sommerville

D. Woods

Barbara A. Kitchenham, S. Pfleeger, L. Pickard et al.

W. Mccabe, Julian C. Smith, P. Harriott

S. Pugh

P. Delahay, H. Linford

J. Mills

A. Khademhosseini, R. Langer, J. Borenstein et al.

S. Kent

R. Budynas, J. Nisbett

Allison Godwin, G. Potvin, Z. Hazari et al.

Sammy Pontrelli, T. Chiu, Ethan I. Lan et al.

Over the past century, Escherichia coli has become one of the best studied organisms on earth. Features such as genetic tractability, favorable growth conditions, well characterized biochemistry and physiology, and availability of versatile genetic manipulation tools make E. coli an ideal platform host for development of industrially viable productions. In this review, we discuss the physiological attributes of E. coli that are most relevant for metabolic engineering, as well as emerging techniques that enable efficient phenotype construction. Further, we summarize the large number of native and non-native products that have been synthesized by E. coli, and address some of the future challenges in broadening substrate range and fighting phage infection.

Zhiliang Ma, Shilong Liu

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques have been used to obtain the 3D representations of objects in civil engineering in the form of point cloud models, mesh models and geometric models more often than ever, among which, point cloud models are the basis. In order to clarify the status quo of the research and application of the techniques in civil engineering, literature retrieval is implemented by using major literature databases in the world and the result is summarized by analyzing the abstracts or the full papers when required. First, the research methodology is introduced, and the framework of 3D reconstruction techniques is established. Second, 3D reconstruction techniques for generating point clouds and processing point clouds along with the corresponding algorithms and methods are reviewed respectively. Third, their applications in reconstructing and managing construction sites and reconstructing pipelines of Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) systems, are presented as typical examples, and the achievements are highlighted. Finally, the challenges are discussed and the key research directions to be addressed in the future are proposed. This paper contributes to the knowledge body of 3D reconstruction in two aspects, i.e. summarizing systematically the up-to-date achievements and challenges for the applications of 3D reconstruction techniques in civil engineering, and proposing key future research directions to be addressed in the field.

H. Wagner

Increasing demand for metals caused by global economic growth and exploitation of shallow mineral deposits forces mineral extraction to go deeper. A direct consequence of this development is an increase in rock pressure-related mining problems. The role of rock engineering in the design and operation of deep mines is discussed in detail. Critical issues are the rock fracturing around mining excavations, the support and control of the fractured rock, and the rock mechanics design of mine infrastructure and extraction (stoping) systems. Progress of the science of rock mechanics in the areas related to these issues is highlighted and critically examined. Specific areas are the prediction and assessment of the mechanical properties of rock mass, the mechanics of controlling fractured rock around deep mining excavations and the resulting demands on support systems. Rock engineering aspects of stoping systems and the regional stress changes resulting from the extraction of large mineral bodies are discussed in detail. The progress in design concepts for open stopes and stopes with caving of the roof strata is illustrated. It is shown that the stress environment in deep mines does not favour the highly productive caving systems of stoping. The value of energy-based design concepts for very deep mines exploiting tabular mineral deposits is shown. Despite the considerable progress that has been made in the science of rock mechanics since the 1950s, progress in applying this knowledge to solve rock pressure problems in deep mines has been rather slow. The tools are available. What is needed is the development of robust design criteria for mine infrastructure, excavations and support systems for dynamic and changing stress environments. The second critical issue is the lack of highly qualified rock engineering personnel on the mines. This has been recognized by the European mining industry through supporting a continued education programme in rock engineering for deep mines.

D. S. Tayal

The aim of the article is to present an experiment carried out by some female students and the results of a study that was conducted to identify and describe some of the relationships between access to STEM education, which includes focusing on educational techniques, academic achievement, and the ability to possess the necessary skills among primary school students to prepare them for the labor market. Among the most important of these skills, which are known as the skills of the 21st century, are the skills of problem-solving and critical thinking, while identifying the challenges facing traditional education due to the acceleration of technical developments and the digital revolution that is imposing itself in the labor market . The article also intended to present the beliefs of female teachers in these schools towards this type of study. The experimental and descriptive approaches were relied upon, as the experimental approach was used to detect the impact of the study in these schools by identifying two groups (experimental and control), an experimental sample from a STEM school, and a control sample from other schools. They have to test critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and the results showed that there are statistically significant differences in the arithmetic mean of the students' scores, and the differences came in favor of the experimental sample, which uses educational techniques according to the STEM approach in its education> The study was also intended to reveal the impact of the use of educational technologies on the academic achievement of female students. The results of post-tests showed that there were differences in favor of the group that used educational techniques The descriptive approach was applied through a questionnaire measuring the beliefs of teachers according to the STEM system about 21st century skills and the need to use educational techniques that prepare students for the labor market, and compared them with the beliefs of teachers in traditional schools. It was found that there were differences between the two groups in favor of the group of STEM teachers. The presentation ended with some recommendations, including: the necessity of integrating educational techniques according to the STEM approach in the basic education stages of students to work on preparing them for a successful experience in the labor market, in their professional future, as today's primary school students are the ones who will go to the labor market in 2030. That is why we recommend the need for professional development of teachers with regard to the skills needed for the labor market, especially with regard to educational technologies, in order to create a digital generation that lives the experience of education for the future and keeps pace with the rapid technical development that we are witnessing in our reality.

Saleh H. Fawaeer, Wala’ M. Al-Qaisi, Vlasta Sedláková et al.

M. Engineering

Manufacturing Engineering is concerned with designing, building, planning, operating, and managing economical production systems for discrete manufacturing. Manufacturing engineers need to have a thorough knowledge of materials and manufacturing processes. They should also be able to design, operate and manage integrated systems that include people, materials, machine tools, material handling equipment, robots, quality measuring equipment, controls and computers.

A. Badiru

Siemens Digital Industries Software believes that today’s complex automotive products require a systems-driven approach to product development that combines systems engineering with an integrated product definition and the ability to unify your product development framework with your manufacturing and shop floor operations. To facilitate model-based systems engineering, Siemens Digital Industries Software provides functional networking, a consistent process-enabled framework, advanced modeling and simulation, an intuitive user experience and an open product lifecycle management (PLM) environment. Siemens Digital Industries Software