Hasil untuk "Dermatology"

Shan Wang, Ge Peng, Alafate Abudouwanli et al.

The epidermal immune microenvironment is a multifaceted system in which the interplay between the skin microbiome and antimicrobial peptides plays a pivotal role in sustaining skin homeostasis and preventing dysbiosis. Disruption of these interactions can lead to inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis. This review aims to explore the complex mechanisms by which antimicrobial peptides and the skin microbiome communicate within the epidermal immune microenvironment, emphasizing causal dynamics and the dual role of antimicrobial peptides. This analysis opens new avenues for targeted interventions, including antimicrobial peptide modulation and microbiome-based therapies, to restore skin health and mitigate inflammatory skin disorders.

Fen Xu, Fen Xu, Mei Chan Chong et al.

BackgroundAcne impairs physical appearance and triggers significant psychological distress, particularly depression, in young adults, but the underlying psychological mechanisms remain underexplored.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the potential mediating associations of psychological inflexibility and social avoidance in the relationship between body image disturbance and depressive tendencies among young adults with acne in East China, based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) framework.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 201 young adults (18–29 years, 72.1% female) with acne from two tertiary hospitals in East China between December 2024 and February 2025. Validated instruments were used to assess body image disturbance (BIDQ), psychological inflexibility (AAQ-II), social avoidance (SADS-SA), and depression (PHQ-9). A serial mediation model (PROCESS Model 6) was analyzed via SPSS 29 with 5,000 bootstrap samples.ResultsCorrelation analysis showed significant positive relationships between body image disturbance, psychological inflexibility, social avoidance, and depression (all p < 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that body image disturbance had a significant total effect on depression [Effect = 0.147, 95% CI (0.088, 0.205)], while its direct effect was non-significant. Two indirect pathways accounted for 84.1% of the total effect: (1) a single mediation through psychological inflexibility (70.8% of the effect); and (2) a serial mediation through psychological inflexibility and social avoidance (7.4% of the effect). Additionally, acne severity significantly predicted psychological inflexibility (β = 0.184, p = 0.012).ConclusionBody image disturbance indirectly influences depression primarily through the pathways of psychological inflexibility and social avoidance. Integrating ACT into dermatological care to enhance psychological flexibility may effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in acne patients.

Jérôme Lurel, Fadwa El Aissoug, Fatima-Zahra Hammoud et al.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease primarily affecting intertriginous regions, and emerging evidence suggests that systemic autoinflammation (“metainflammation”) contributes to its clinical heterogeneity. We report two cases of HS in patients of Moroccan origin with overlapping autoinflammatory features. The first case involves a 42-year-old man with HS since 2012, Hurley stage II, treated with adalimumab since 2019 and achieving an IHS4-70, who developed Behçet’s disease-like systemic manifestations in 2025; genetic testing revealed a heterozygous MEFV variant, and HLA typing included A02, A68, B15, B45, C02, and C06. The second case involves a 40-year-old man with HS since age 22, Hurley stage II, with persistent oral aphthosis; he achieved IHS4-70 on secukinumab in 2025 and responded to adjunctive colchicine for mucosal lesions, with HLA typing showing B18, B51, C07, and C15. These cases illustrate the interplay between HLA subtypes, autoinflammatory gene variants, and systemic inflammation in HS, highlighting a potential autoinflammatory HS subtype. Population-specific genetic factors, particularly in North African populations, may influence disease severity, systemic manifestations, and therapeutic response. Taken together, these observations support the concept that HS, in certain genetically predisposed individuals, may represent a systemic autoinflammatory/metainflammatory disease, underscoring the relevance of personalized therapeutic strategies.

Wei Yan, Guo-hui Xiao, Li-juan Wang et al.

Abstract Background The stiffness of the matrix is closely related to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although direct targeting of stromal rigidity in HCC remains a clinical challenge, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are considered key contributors to this process. Given the heterogeneity of CAFs, this study explored the relationship between specific CAF subsets and liver cancer matrix stiffness, aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets for HCC patients. Methods Single-cell sequencing datasets were leveraged to identify cell types within liver cancer and characterize the transcriptomic profiles of CAFs. Prognostic analysis, utilizing the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) liver cancer datasets, assessed the correlation between matrix stiffness-related genes and HCC patient outcomes. Pseudo-time analysis was applied to trace the developmental trajectories of CAFs. By calculating intercellular communication probabilities and analyzing transcription factor activity, the functions and interactions of different CAF subsets were elucidated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used to explore the functional roles of CAFs in distinct Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) groups. Finally, cellular experiments and animal experiments were further conducted to validate the hypotheses of this study. Results This study identified CAF subpopulations based on single-cell sequencing data and analyzed transcriptional changes within these subpopulations. Key findings include the identification of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1), and lysyloxidase (LOX) as pivotal node genes during CAF development. Moreover, the expression of matrix stiffness-related genes was inversely correlated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Notably, the YAP1-positive CAF subpopulation emerged as the primary contributor to matrix stiffness in liver cancer. This subpopulation upregulates the expression of matrix stiffness-related genes and promotes tumor progression by activating signaling pathways such as autophagy and GTPase activity regulation. Cellular experiments and animal studies further validated this conclusion. Conclusion This single-cell analysis uncovered the functional roles of CAFs in liver cancer. The YAP1-positive CAF subpopulation, in particular, was shown to contribute to matrix stiffness by upregulating the expression of relevant genes and promoting tumor progression through the activation of specific signaling pathways.

Racquel A. Bitar, BS, Sara O. Vargas, MD, Amir H. Taghinia, MD, MPH, MBA et al.

Yang J, Xue X, Yang Z et al.

Jing Yang,1 Xiaoling Xue,2 Zhi Yang,1 Fei Hao,1 Bangtao Chen3 1Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fei Hao, Email 651588@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn Bangtao Chen, Email medisci@163.comObjective: To profile spinal medium- and long- chain fatty acids (ML-CFAs) and itch-related gene expressions (IRGEs) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and investigate the role of spinal palmitic acid (PA) in atopic dermatitis (AD), and its relationship with DRG and spinal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).Methods: MC903 was applied topically to the nape of C57BL/6 mice to induce AD. Two doses of PA were administered intrathecally during MC903 treatment, and several antagonists were administered intrathecally one day before PA challenge. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on DRGs, and 36 ML-CFAs in the spinal cord were analyzed.Results: A global upregulation of IRGEs in DRGs and increases in major ML-CFAs including PA in the spinal cord were observed in adult AD model. MC903 resulted in less severe dermatitis with weaker IRGEs in DRGs and lower spinal ML-CFAs in senile than adult mice. In adult mice, intrathecal PA injection caused acute scratches, aggravated AD, and induced stronger IRGEs in DRGs. Intrathecal injection of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine or Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MRGPRD) antagonist d-Pro7-ANG-(1-7) remarkably halted PA/MC903-induced dermatitis and PA-induced scratching. Administration of histamine h4 receptor antagonist JNJ7777120 only moderately alleviated dermatitis, with no notable effect on scratches. Intrathecal pan-palmitoylation inhibitor 2-Bromopalmitate moderately alleviated MC903/PA-induced lesions and spinal ERK phosphorylation. Intrathecal lidocaine markedly suppressed both lesions and ERK phosphorylation, along with a global reduction in IRGEs in DRGs. Finally, PA-induced scratches were significantly improved by intrathecal lidocaine but not 2-Bromopalmitate.Conclusion: MC903-induced AD develops more readily in adult than senile mice, with consistent changes in IRGEs in DRG and spinal ML-CFA levels, including PA. Spinal PA promotes AD involving spinal TRPV1 and MRGPRD signaling, and IRGEs increments in DRG. Intrathecal lidocaine suppresses AD aggravated by PA via inhibiting spinal ERK phosphorylation and reducing IRGEs in DRG.Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Palmitic acid, Dorsal root ganglion, Spinal cord, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Transcriptome sequencing

Di Lernia V, Peccerillo F

Vito Di Lernia, Francesca Peccerillo Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, ItalyCorrespondence: Vito Di Lernia, Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy, Tel +39 522 296873, Email vito.dilernia@ausl.re.itAbstract: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by follicular keratotic papules and perifollicular erythema coalescing into orange-red scaly plaques, and palmoplantar keratoderma. Characteristic islands of sparing are usually observed. A standardised therapeutic approach is lacking owing to the infrequent occurrence of this disease. However, anti-interleukin (IL)-17 and anti-IL-23 therapies have recently emerged as effective therapies in patients affected by PRP, with improvements in severity scores, change in severity of erythema, scaling, and thickness of lesions. Here, we report a 43-year old, female breast cancer who developed severe refractory PRP, which greatly impacted her quality of life. The patient experienced a marked improvement after treatment with tildrakizumab. Treatment was stopped after one year, and the three-year follow-up did not show relapse. In conclusion, 52- week treatment with tildrakizumab, an IL-23 antagonist, proved to be a favourable treatment option for PRP, leading to good patient adherence, improvement in quality of life, and long-term follow-up without relapse.Keywords: pityriasis rubra pilaris, treatment, tildrakizumab, breast cancer

Laura Micheli, Marzia Vasarri, Donatella Degl’Innocenti et al.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and adipokine Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2). Recently, natural plant-based products have been studied as new antipsoriatic compounds. We investigate the ability of a leaf extract of the marine plant <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> (POE) to inhibit psoriatic dermatitis in C57BL/6 mice treated with Imiquimod (IMQ). One group of mice was topically treated with IMQ (IMQ mice) for 5 days, and a second group received POE orally before each topical IMQ treatment (IMQ-POE mice). Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score, thickness, and temperature of the skin area treated with IMQ were measured in both groups. Upon sacrifice, the organs were weighed, and skin biopsies and blood samples were collected. Plasma and lesional skin protein expression of IL-17, IL-23, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α and plasma LCN-2 concentration were evaluated by ELISA. PASI score, thickness, and temperature of lesional skin were reduced in IMQ-POE mice, as were histological features of psoriatic dermatitis and expression of inflammatory cytokines and LCN-2 levels. This preliminary study aims to propose <i>P. oceanica</i> as a promising naturopathic anti-inflammatory treatment that could be introduced in Complementary Medicine for psoriasis.

Luis Carlos Restrepo Vanegas, Alejandro Rojas Urrea, Juan Manuel Corredor Torres et al.

At some point in everyone’s life homemade pimple drainage has been part of the routine, especially in the early years of adult life and teenagers’ days. However, pimple drainage has its special considerations as a mild medical procedure most of the time, even more in patients with serious skin diseases. Even when it is rare to see these kinds of clinical cases in daily medical practice, here we present the case of a 22 years-old female who made (as usual) a home pimple drainage that ended up in periorbital cellulitis and septic embolism. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and appropriate management of periorbital cellulitis to prevent the development of septic embolism.

Said KB, Alsolami A, Alreshidi FS et al.

Kamaleldin B Said,1,2 Ahmed Alsolami,3 Fayez Saud Alreshidi,4 Anas Fathuddin,5 Fawwaz Alshammari,6 Fauwaz Alrashid,7 Ahmed Aljadani,3 Rana Aboras,4 Fatmah Alreshidi,4 Mohammed H Alghozwi,1 Suliman F Alshammari,1 Nawaf F Alharbi1 1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha&rsquo;il, Ha&rsquo;il, 55476, Saudi Arabia; 2Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada; 3Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha&rsquo;il, Ha&rsquo;il, 55476, Saudi Arabia; 4Deparmtent of Family, Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha&rsquo;il, Ha&rsquo;il, 55476, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ha&rsquo;il, Ha&rsquo;il, 55476, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Ha&rsquo;il, Ha&rsquo;il, 55476, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ha&rsquo;il, Ha&rsquo;il, 55476, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Kamaleldin B Said, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha&rsquo;il, Ha&rsquo;il, 55476, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966500771459, Email kbs.mohamed@uoh.edu.sa

Maria L. Espinosa, Chelsea Abad, Yaira Kurtzman et al.

Treatment of head and neck cancers requires multidisciplinary collaboration to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the tumor burden, as well as to preserve function of organs and structures. With the use of various new targeted therapies come new adverse events including dermatologic toxicities, which may consist of xerosis, nail and hair changes, morbilliform or papulopustular rashes, to more severe eruptions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome. We describe the dermatologic toxicities and corresponding grades of severity and associated pathophysiology resulting from seven therapeutics used to treat head and neck cancers: cetuximab, trastuzumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, lentatinib, larotrectinib, and entrectinib. Being familiar with these dermatologic toxicities allows clinicians to provide comprehensive counseling for patients, encourage preventative measures, and to know when it is appropriate to hold therapy or permanently stop treatment.

Charlotte A. Mintie, Chandra K. Singh, Nihal Ahmad

Skin is arguably the largest organ of the body and is continuously subjected to intrinsic, extrinsic, and environmental stresses. Therefore, skin developed elaborate mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and DNA damage repair capabilities. However, repeated and excessive stresses can overwhelm these systems, causing serious cutaneous damages, including skin carcinogenesis. Phytonutrients present in the diet possess a myriad of health-promoting effects by protecting skin from damaging free radicals as well as by other mechanisms. Although many chemoprotective phytonutrients have been shown to be efficacious individually, a combination of multiple agents could have synergistic response in curtailing or preventing cutaneous damages. Here, we discuss the benefits of natural amalgamation of phytonutrients in select fruits against skin damage including carcinogenesis. However, a majority of these studies have been done in preclinical models. Therefore, clinical studies are needed to determine the human relevance of the available preclinical data, especially in the human population who are at higher risk for skin cancers (e.g., organ transplant patients). In addition, detailed well-structured preclinical animal studies in the models of high-risk skin carcinogenesis could also be useful toward informing the design for human trials.

Xiaomo Wu, Zhongkai Gu, Yang Chen et al.

The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway has received considerable attention due to its role in eliciting the immune checkpoint response of T cells, resulting in tumor cells capable of evading immune surveillance and being highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Application of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies as checkpoint inhibitors is rapidly becoming a promising therapeutic approach in treating tumors, and some of them have successfully been commercialized in the past few years. However, not all patients show complete responses and adverse events have been noted, suggesting a better understanding of PD-1 pathway mediated immunosuppression is needed to predict patient response and improve treatment efficacy. Here, we review the progresses on the studies of the mechanistic role of PD-1 pathway in the tumor immune evasion, recent clinical development and commercialization of PD-1 pathway inhibitors, the toxicities associated with PD-1 blockade observed in clinical trials as well as how to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy. Keywords: Immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, Immune surveillance, Checkpoint blockade

Ana Francisca Ramírez

Los reportes de caso continúan ocupando un lugar importante en la literatura dermatológica. Este hecho se debe a varios factores, entre ellos vale la pena citar la existencia en nuestra especialidad de enfermedades de baja prevalencia que, por ser tan infrecuentes, no permiten la creación de una base de datos lo suficientemente voluminosa para adelantar un trabajo de investigación; otro posible motivo va ligado a la manera como el dermatólogo reconoce el cuadro clínico de una enfermedad.

Chih-Ting Chen, Ding-Dar Lee

Idiopathic generalized anhidrosis is a rare disease characterized by sweating impairment despite exposure to heat or exercise. It could be congenital or acquired. We reported a 22-year-old male with generalized anhidrosis, except axillae, forehead, palms and soles, since infancy. No other systemic abnormalities were found. Histopathology of serial sections revealed lack of sweat glands. It is the first case report of idiopathic generalized anhidrosis with absence of sweat glands in Taiwan. Keywords: Hypohidrosis, Sweat gland disease, Ectodermal dysplasia

Akhila Kavirayani, Suma Balan

Pediatrics in India at the levels of both undergraduate and postgraduate training is often viewed upon as an acute disease specialty with little emphasis on chronic medical musculoskeletal diseases. Pediatric rheumatology is an under-recognized subspecialty of pediatrics which deals specifically with childhood arthritis, noninflammatory joint pains, connective tissue diseases, autoimmune diseases, vasculitis, and other rare inflammatory disorders. This article aims to give a bird's eye view of the repertoire of commonly encountered problems seen by a pediatric rheumatologist, via a classical case vignette for each topic followed by discussion. There is also mention of some rare diseases managed within pediatric rheumatology to give a flavor of the spectrum of diseases encountered. This is to raise awareness of the importance of pediatric rheumatology as a subspecialty within India and to prompt readers to seek specialist advice when encountering challenging cases. Pediatric rheumatologists network and work collaboratively with many other specialties such as ophthalmology, dermatology, neurology, orthopedics, nephrology, infectious diseases, immunology, and gastroenterology for combined care of diverse conditions. There is an unmet need in India to develop a training program for pediatric rheumatology so that shared care pathways with sensitized pediatricians and other specialists can be developed nationwide, to serve these children better to achieve optimal outcomes.

Sarah Hocker, Harold S. Rabinovitz, Margaret Oliveiro et al.

Distinguishing between benign and malignant neoplasms of the skin is a daily challenge to dermatologists. With the use of a dermatoscope and other imaging devices, the diagnosis is often more precise. The confocal microscope is a device that uses a near-infrared laser to perform noninvasive imaging of the skin. The benefit is that the images immediately provide additional, cellular-level information that can assist in diagnosis. However, lesions may share overlapping characteristics on confocal microscopy, and hence, benign lesions can still display confocal features concerning for a cancerous process, justifying a biopsy. Here, we present a case of an inverted follicular keratosis imitating a squamous cell carcinoma on confocal microscopy.

Maksymilian Gajda, Grażyna Kamińska-Winciorek, Iwona Grzesiak et al.

Abstract We present a case of a 71-year-old man with an advanced melanoma of the right colon. The final diagnosis was determined based on histopathological examination of the material collected during urgent laparotomy performed due to ileus. Although we considered the tumor to be a disseminated primary melanoma of the colon, the possibility of unknown primary origin could not be excluded. Palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduced symptoms associated with the disease and prolonged patient's survival.

Tirthankar Gayen, Anupam Das, Sudipta Roy et al.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited disorder characterized by generalized fragmentation and progressive calcification of elastic tissue. We report two sporadic cases of PXE, both of whom presented with asymptomatic yellowish papules over the flexural sites for cosmetic reasons. Histopathological findings on hematoxylin and eosin and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) staining were classical of PXE. In addition to this, renal calcification was documented on plain radiography of kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) in both the cases. Paucity of literature describing the association of nephrocalcinosis with PXE prompted the present report.