Hasil untuk "Public law"

خالد سمير محمد حسن

تأتي هذه الدراسة في ظل تصاعد دعوات كثيرة من أجل إصدار قانون جديد لتنظيم الإدارة المحلية في مصر، نظرًا لأن القانون الحالي ( قانون رقم 43 لسنة 1979) لم يعد مواكباً لما جاء بالدستور الجديد ( دستور 2014 ) من صلاحيات جديدة ودعم صريح للامركزية و ترسيخ لديمقراطيتها و تعزيز لصلاحياتها .و تستعرض هذه الدراسة تاريخ الإدارة المحلية في مصر، مع التركيز على انتخابات المجالس المحلية خلال فترة حكم الرئيس الأسبق حسني مبارك ، وهي فترة غنية بالتفاعلات السياسية وشهدت عدة استحقاقات انتخابية محلية وقرارات بشأنها لم تتناولها دراسات سابقة بشكل كافٍ ، وقد استخدمت الدراسة المدخل التاريخي وذلك سعياً لحصر السلبيات والإستفادة منها وكذا الوقوف على مواضع القوة فى تجربة " إدارة المحليات " فى مصر بشكلها الحديث ومفهومها المعاصر عبر قرابة قرن كامل من الزمان ، سعيا للوصول إلى نتائج علمية يمكن أن نستقرأ منها توصيات فاعلة فى حالات مماثلة للدول النامية أو حديثة العهد بالتعددية السياسية والحريات والديمقراطية فى إدارة الأقاليم ..

Ali Mashhadi

Wild animals need special attention because of their significance from the environmental,ecological, genetic, scientific, recreational, cultural, educational, social and economic points ofview. There are numerous international instruments and documents in the field of internationalwildlife law (IWL). Among them, there are three well-known instruments namely the Ramsar,Bonn, and CITES Conventions. In the present piece, these Conventions are studied comparativelyin order to find out their approaches toward the protection of wildlife. In doing so, the author,first and foremost, provides a brief overview of these Conventions. Thereafter, their approachestoward wildlife protection would be analyzed. The methodological approach of this researchincludes analysis of wildlife protection through descriptive and normative explanation of theRamsar, Bonn, and CITES Conventions. According to the findings of this study, reasonable andwise use of wetlands (the approach of the Ramsar Convention), special attention to migratorybirds (the approach of the Bonn Convention), and the regulation of international wildlifetrade (the approach of CITES) are three main and prevalent approaches in these instruments.Furthermore, it appears that CITES has played a more important and effective role in IWL andprotection of wildlife. It is due to the fact that this Convention has more operative tools and itsState Parties have undertaken more extensive and practical obligations.

Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo

Adama Ouedraogo, Patrice Ngangue, David Jean Simon et al.

Objective This study estimated the proportion of children aged 12–23 months who were fully vaccinated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), explored geographical disparities across subregions and countries, and identified country-level factors associated with full vaccination (FV).Design Cross-sectional study.Setting SSA.Participants Children aged 12–23 months.Primary outcome FV.Methods Data for this study were extracted from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 34 SSA countries between 2012 and 2023. The study included a total weighted sample of 69 218 children. Univariate analyses were performed to describe the socio-demographic profile of the participants and estimate the proportion of FV and the proportion for each of the eight vaccines (BCG, DTP1, DTP2, DPT3, Polio1, Polio2, Polio3, Measles1) at regional level. Bivariate and spatial analyses were produced to examine existing disparities at regional, subregional and countries’ income levels. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted for identifying country-level factors associated with FV.Results 54.1% (95% CI 53.7% to 54.5%) children aged 12–23 months in SSA were fully vaccinated. In addition, substantial inequalities emerged in FV coverage across countries ranging from 23.9% in Guinea to a high of 95.5% in Rwanda. The same pattern was observed for the eight vaccines. Findings also showed that children of birth order 3 and above, who were delivered at home, had received less than four antenatal visits, from poor households and households with more than 5 members, whose mothers were under 25, had primary education level and below, and had no income-generating activities were less likely to be fully vaccinated.Conclusion To achieve WHO’s global vaccination coverage target of 90% by 2030 in SSA, vaccination programmes must take account of regional, subregional and national inequities. Our findings also underline the need for interventions tailored to each SSA country’s socio-cultural context.Ethical consideration Ethical approval was not required as this is a secondary analysis of publicly available data.

Volodymyr Neskorozhenyi, Volodymyr Zakharov, Alexander Slyusarenko

The article reveals the importance of space for national security. The points of interaction between space activities and national security are identified, which reflect the growing importance of outer space for ensuring the security of States and emergency management, the growth of international cooperation in the field of space technologies. The newest possibilities of space to ensure national security (warning and military intelligence systems; communication systems and means of coordination; systems of space monitoring of the environment and resource management; systems of border and maritime surveillance; development of other technologies; development of global cooperation) are revealed. The problems of ensuring the priority of national security in the use of space resources have been formed, with the formation of a global strategy that geopolitical stability and prevention of the militarization of space should become key aspects for ensuring the national security of any State.

LIU Shuxian, XU Huan, WANG Wei, DENG Le

Social network provides a medium for information dissemination,leading to the rapid development of public opinion.Controlling the development direction of public opinion is one of the core issues of public opinion dynamics.However,the public opinion dynamics model mainly studies the way of updating the opinions of the subject so as to deduce the law of public opinion evolution.This paper classifies the current public opinion dynamics models,analyzes their advantages and disadvantages,and their applications in different fields,and summarizes the future research direction of public opinion dynamics.It is helpful to understand the law of the evolution of public opinion,so as to provide better guidance for the government and other institutions to control the direction of public opinion.

Juarez Cirino dos Santos

Falar sobre Juarez Tavares é uma tarefa agradável, por muitas razões: a descrição de sua personalidade sugere substantivos fortes e adjetivos dignificantes, que tornam o discurso fácil e fluente. E, na comemoração dos seus 80 anos, rodeado por amigos e admiradores, é importante destacar as dimensões filosófica, política e científica de sua personalidade carismática e comunicativa, que produzem profunda impressão em todos os que o conhecem ou com ele convivem, de uma forma ou de outra.

Ricardo Alexandre Costa, Carlos Renato Cunha

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a aplicação da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) nos cartórios de protesto, com ênfase na importância da transparência e proteção dos dados pessoais no contexto dessas instituições. Para alcançar esse propósito, serão discutidos diversos aspectos relacionados à coleta, tratamento, compartilhamento e direitos dos titulares de dados no ambiente dos cartórios de protesto. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, trazendo a compreensão da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados e a compreensão das serventias extrajudiciais. Por fim, constatou-se como se dá a aplicação da LGPD nos casos de Cartório de Protesto.

Riki Afrizal, Iwan Kurniawan, Fajar Wahyudi

Perubahan sistem pemasyarakatan ditandai dengan disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pemasyarakatan. Salah satu hal yang diatur adalah mengenai pelayanan tahanan sebagai salah satu fungsi pemasyarakatan. Pengaturan ini tentu saja menarik untuk dianalisis karena selama ini pemasyarakatan hanya identik dengan pembinaan narapidana yang merupakan tahap akhir dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Pelayanan tahanan pada Rutan adalah berkaitan dengan proses peradilan pidana yang sedang berlangsung, karena secara yuridis tanggungjawab penahanan masih pada lembaga penegak hukum yang melakukan penahanan. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kaitan pengaturan pelayanan tahanan dalam Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan terhadap sistem peradilan pidana terpadu di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual khususnya mengenai sistem pemasyarakatan dan sistem peradilan pidana terpadu. Hasil pembahasan dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaturan yang tegas dan jelas mengenai penyelenggaraan pelayanan tahanan sebagai fungsi pemasyarakatan. Hal Ini merupakan suatu bentuk kepastian hukum dan sekaligus penegasan keberadaan pemasyarakatan sebagai subsistem peradilan pidana terpadu. Sebagai bagian sistem peradilan pidana, pemasyarakatan tidak hanya bekerja pada akhir dari rangkaian proses peradilan pidana melalui fungsi pembinaan narapidana dan anak pidana, tetapi juga pada saat bekerjanya atau berlangsungnya proses peradilan pidana tersebut.

R. Cooter, Michael D. Gilbert

This comprehensive textbook applies economic analysis to public law. The economic analysis of law has revolutionized legal scholarship and teaching in the last half-century, but it has focused mostly on private law, business law, and criminal law. This book extends the analysis to fundamental topics in public law, such as the separation of government powers, regulation by agencies, constitutional rights, and elections. Every public law involves six fundamental processes of government: bargaining, voting, entrenching, delegating, adjudicating, and enforcing. The book devotes two chapters to each process, beginning with the economic theory and then applying the theory to a wide range of puzzles and problems in law. Each chapter concentrates on cases and legal doctrine, showing the relevance of economics to the work of lawyers and judges. Featuring lucid, accessible writing and engaging examples, the book addresses enduring topics in public law as well as modern controversies, including gerrymandering, voter identification laws, and qualified immunity for police.

Moh. Roziq Saifulloh

The Notary’s right of refusal through the approval of the Notary Honorary Council (NHC) hinders the practice of criminal law enforcement because it is absolute and there is no further (final) legal remedy, even though a similar policy (beleid) has been revoked by the Constitutional Court. In practice, the notary cannot be examined by investigators, public prosecutors, or judges, unless they have previously obtained NHC approval, as regulated in Article 66 paragraph (1) of Law Number 30 of 2004 as amended by Law Number 2 of 2014 (Notary Position Law). Even if Notary Honorary Council refuses, then there will only be further legal remedies through a lawsuit by the State Administrative Court. In fact, the provisions regarding the Notary’s right of refusal should be ‘determination’ by court decisions (vonnis) as regulated in Article 170 of the Criminal Code, and not ‘administrative determination’ (beschikking) through NHC approval based on the delegation of supervisory authority from state institutions. This paper concludes that every law enforcer in criminal cases (police, prosecutors, and judges) can examine a Notary with the condition of special permission from the Head of the local District Court, approval of direct interested parties, or NHC approval as stipulated in Article 43 of the Criminal Code in conjunction with Article 66 paragraph (1) of the Notary Position Law. This paper is normative research with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach.

عبدالله عبدالعال محمد خزيم خزيم

ملخص الدراسة : Abstract يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسعير تأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق وذلک باستخدام نظرية المصداقية Credibility Theory بالتطبيق على شرکة مصر للتأمين ، ويعتمد الباحث فى سبيل الوصول إلى السعر العادل والکافى لتأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق على استخدام نظرية المصداقية وذلک من خلال تحديد التوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لعدد الحوادث (التوزيعات المنفصلة) ، وکذلک تحديد التوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لقيم الخسائر(التوزيعات المتصلة) ، ثم تطبيق معادلة المصداقية فى تسعير تأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق وذلک بتقدير معامل المصداقية Credibility Factor للوصول للقسط الصافى والسعر العادل ، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن التوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لعدد الحوادث هو التوزيع البواسونى Poisson Distribution ، والتوزيع الاحتمالى المناسب لحجم الخسارة هو توزيع باريتو pareto Distribution ، کما توصلت الدراسة إلى السعر العادل والکافى لتأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق باستخدام نظرية المصداقية بالتطبيق على شرکة مصر للتأمين وهو 0.006 ، وبمقارنة السعر العادل الذى توصلت إليه الدراسة لتأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق بالسعر السائد والمطبق فى شرکة مصر للتأمين نجد أن الشرکة محل الدراسة تحصل على أسعار أقل من السعر العادل التى توصلت إليه الدراسة وبالتالى فقد أوصت الدراسة شرکة مصر للتأمين بضرورة تعديل أسعار تأمين التوقف عن العمل بسبب الحريق لديها وذلک بزيادة ورفع هذه الأسعار؛ حتى لا تحقق خسائر فى هذا النوع من التأمين فى المستقبل وحتى تتناسب الأسعار مع درجة الخطورة ولکى تتمکن هذه الشرکة من تکوين محفظة اکتتاب متوازنة تمکنها من تخفيض معدلات الخسائر لديها.

Martina Focardi, Barbara Gualco, Vilma Pinchi et al.

Many studies have examined the genetic contribution to suicide. However, data on suicide in the Italian population are scarce. We therefore aimed to address this gap by investigating a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a verdict of suicide had been declared in court in Florence, Italy between 2007 and 2017. This cohort included 86 men and 25 women. DNA samples were obtained from tissues or blood, and 22 genes from multiple neurobiological pathways previously shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of suicide were analysed. Next-generation sequencing was used to compare these gene sequences with those from a large, normal population. In this study, we identified 19 gene variants that were present at significantly lower frequencies in our Italian cohort than in the general population. In addition, four missense mutations were identified in four different genes: Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA), 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2 A (HTR2A), Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 8 (SCN8A), and Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3). Our study identified several potential genetic links with suicide in a cohort of Italians and supports a relationship between specific genetic variants and suicidal behaviour in this population. Key pointsThis study shows a genetic analysis of suicide.This study examines a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a verdict of suicide had been declared in court in Florence, Italy between 2007 and 2017. DNA samples were obtained from tissues or blood, and 22 genes from multiple neurobiological pathways were investigated.The study supports a relationship between specific genetic variants and suicidal behaviour.

Michael F Doherty, N. McGuirk

C. Monaghan

M. Garretson

Public law in the United Kingdom and the European Union has undergone seismic changes over the last forty years. Scholars thus spend much time at the frontiers of the subject, responding rapidly to new developments and providing guidance to scholars, legislators, and judges for future directions. In these circumstances, there is rarely a chance to reflect upon the implications of these changes for the fundamentals of public law and how those fundamentals relate to one another. In this collection, inspired by the work of leading EU and public law scholar Paul Craig, leading figures in UK and EU public law address this complex and nuanced interrelationship between the foundations and futures of EU and UK public law. The chapters focus on six building blocks of public law: theory, case law, legislation, institutions, procedures, and constitutions. Overall these chapters make clear that the interrelationship between foundations and futures is a profoundly important one. As scholars and lawyers we ignore this at our peril.

E. Kharytonov, O. Kharytonova, Denis Kolodin et al.

The principles of adjusting the regulation of civil relations in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic are analyzed. The admissibility of restricting human rights in the context of the conflict of private and public interests are researched. Besides, the authors tried to determine the optimal algorithm of government actions aimed at preventing the spread of the epidemic. The main approach to the understanding of human rights in the article is based on Dworkin's concept of “rights as trumps”. A system of such categories as “a man”, “a private person”, “natural private rights”, “private law” and “national civil law” is analyzed. The conclusion is that the importance of the category of “natural” human rights is underestimated, which exacerbates the problem of ensuring human rights in a pandemic, when the state actively uses public law to cope with the crisis. As a result, there is a conflict of basic principles of private and public law: “everything is allowed except what is prohibited by law” vs. “only what is allowed by law is possible”. It is proposed to assume that the usual way of the legal existence of a person is that he/she acts as a participant in civil relations of a private type, even in a pandemic. Private relations, which arise during the quarantine period, are proposed to be regulated mainly by private law methods, limiting the influence of the state. This will allow us to reach a compromise of private and public interests, without restricting the rights of individuals voluntarily.

Yee-Fui Ng, M. O’sullivan, Moira Paterson et al.

M. Elliott, Robert Thomas

Public Law is an advanced text that comprehensively covers the key topics in the field of public law. The book presents an analysis of the law and institutions of public law, and places the legal issues within the wider socio-political context within which the constitution operates. Three key themes that permeate the content allow readers to approach the subject in a structured way. The key themes are the significance of executive power in the contemporary constitution and the challenge of ensuring that those who wield it are held to account, the shift in recent times from a political to a more legal constitution and the implications of this change, and the increasingly ‘multilayered’ character of the British constitution.