Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) V: CO gas distributions
Abstrak
Here we present high resolution (15-24 au) observations of CO isotopologue lines from the Molecules with ALMA on Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. Our analysis employs $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O ($J$=2-1), (1-0), and C$^{17}$O (1-0) line observations of five protoplanetary disks. We retrieve CO gas density distributions, using three independent methods: (1) a thermo-chemical modeling framework based on the CO data, the broadband spectral energy distribution, and the mm-continuum emission; (2) an empirical temperature distribution based on optically thick CO lines; and (3) a direct fit to the C$^{17}$O hyperfine lines. Results from these methods generally show excellent agreement. The CO gas column density profiles of the five disks show significant variations in the absolute value and the radial shape. Assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100, all five disks have a global CO-to-H$_2$ abundance of 10-100 times lower than the ISM ratio. The CO gas distributions between 150-400 au match well with models of viscous disks, supporting the long-standing theory. CO gas gaps appear to be correlated with continuum gap locations, but some deep continuum gaps do not have corresponding CO gaps. The relative depths of CO and dust gaps are generally consistent with predictions of planet-disk interactions, but some CO gaps are 5-10 times shallower than predictions based on dust gaps. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Topik & Kata Kunci
Penulis (35)
Ke Zhang
Alice S. Booth
Charles J. Law
Arthur D. Bosman
Kamber R. Schwarz
Edwin A. Bergin
Karin I. Öberg
Sean M. Andrews
Viviana V. Guzmán
Catherine Walsh
Chunhua Qi
Merel L. R. van 't Hoff
Feng Long
David J. Wilner
Jane Huang
Ian Czekala
John D. Ilee
Gianni Cataldi
Jennifer B. Bergner
Yuri Aikawa
Richard Teague
Jaehan Bae
Ryan A. Loomis
Jenny K. Calahan
Felipe Alarcón
François Ménard
Romane Le Gal
Anibal Sierra
Yoshihide Yamato
Hideko Nomura
Takashi Tsukagoshi
Laura M. Pérez
Leon Trapman
Yao Liu
Kenji Furuya
Akses Cepat
- Tahun Terbit
- 2021
- Bahasa
- en
- Sumber Database
- arXiv
- Akses
- Open Access ✓