In fracture mechanics, the mesh sensitivity is a key issue. It is particularly true concerning cohesive volumetric finite element methods in which the crack path and the overall behavior are respectively influenced by the mesh topology and the mesh density. Poisson-Delaunay tessellations parameters, including the edge length distributions, were widely studied in the literature but very few works concern the mesh density and topology in Delaunay type meshes suitable for finite element simulations, which is of crucial interest for practical use. Starting from previous results concerning Poisson-Delaunay tessellations and studying in detail the Lloyd relaxation algorithm, we propose estimates for the probability density functions of the edge length and triangle top angles sets. These estimates depend both on the intensity of the underlying point process and on an efficiency index associated to the global quality of the mesh. The global and local accuracies of these estimates are checked for various standard mesh generators. Finally the mesh density and geodesic tortuosity are estimated for standard random or structured triangular meshes typically used in finite element simulations. These results provide practical formulas to estimate bias introduced by the mesh density and topology on the results of cohesive-volumetric finite element simulations.
The assessment of the durability of civil engineering structures subjected to several chemical attacks requires the development of chemo-poromechanical models. The mechanical and chemical degradations depend on several factors such as the initial composition of the porous medium. A multi-scale model is used to incorporate the multi-level microstructural properties of the mortar material. The present paper aims to study the effect of morphological and local material properties uncertainties on the poroelastic and diffusive properties of mortar estimated with the help of analytical homogenization. At first, the proposed model is validated for different cement paste and mortar by comparison to experimental results and micromechanical models. Secondly, based on a literature study, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis have been developed to assess the stochastic predictions of the multi-scale model. The main result highlights the predominant impact of the cement matrix phases (C-S-H) and interfacial transition area at the mortar scale. Furthermore, the sensitive analysis underlines that the material properties induce more variability than the volume fraction.
We review statistical methods being applied in four key areas connected with PET and SPECT neuroimaging: (i) image reconstruction (briefly); (ii) tracer-kinetic, or compartmental, modelling; (iii) inference from region-of-interest data; (iv) inference at the pixel or voxel level. Under the last heading, we pay particular attention to the analysis of data from serial scans. We conclude by identifying some topics for future statistical research.
VIT-AP University, Inavolu, Beside AP Secretariat, Amaravati AP, India, Ranjan Ranjan, VIT-AP University, Inavolu, Beside AP Secretariat, Amaravati AP, India
et al.
Over the past few decades, the traditional critical path method and its various generalizations have become the most popular technique for managing complex projects. It plays a crucial role in differentiating between critical and non-critical tasks to enhance project schedules. For the first time in the literature, our proposed model implements two algorithms for the study of the critical path method, each addressing an advanced framework in the form of a single-valued triangular neutrosophic. The proposed algorithm 1 utilizes Python to extended Dijkstra’s algorithm under the neutrosophic framework, while the proposed algorithm 2 employs linear programming for optimality checks, which is solved using LINGO. Our comparison with previous research on the critical path method shows that the proposed algorithms are better at dealing with uncertainty, making project schedules more reliable and flexible. The findings lead to the proposed algorithm framework, combined with Python and LINGO, to enhance decision-making and improve the accuracy and efficiency of critical path identification in complex project environments.
După obținerea independenței în 1991, Republica Moldova s-a confruntat cu două mișcări secesioniste. Conflictul cu poporul găgăuz s-a rezolvat pe cale pașnică, și a apărut prima autonomie din zona post-sovietică, UTA Gagauz Yeri, creată pe criterii etnice. Astăzi, regiunea continuă să fie izolată de restul republicii din punct de vedere lingvistic și informațional, ceea ce reprezintă o provocare pentru viabilitatea proiectului de statalitate al Republicii Moldova. În acest articol sunt analizate in paralel abordările naționale și regionale ale unor aspecte ale integrării socio-culturale a autonomiei la etapa actuală.
Janhvi Jaiswal, Raphael Engesser, Andrea Armengol Peyroton
et al.
Abstract Epithelial repair relies on the activation of stress signaling pathways to coordinate cellular repair behaviors. Their deregulation is implicated in chronic wound and cancer pathologies. Despite such translational importance, an understanding of how spatial patterns of signaling pathways and repair behaviors arise in damaged tissues remains elusive. Using TNF-α/Eiger-mediated inflammatory damage to Drosophila imaginal discs, we uncover that JNK/AP-1 signaling cells act as paracrine organizers and initiate a mutual repression network that spatially segregates JNK/AP-1 and JAK/STAT signaling cells into distinct populations. While JNK/AP-1 signaling cells produce JAK/STAT-activating Upd ligands, these signal-sending cells suppress activation of JAK/STAT via Ptp61F. Conversely, responding cells with activated JAK/STAT suppress JNK activation via Zfh2. The resulting bistable segregation of signaling domains is associated with distinct cellular tasks and regenerative potential. While JNK/AP-1 signaling cells at the wound center act as paracrine organizers, their cell cycle is senescently arrested. Thus, compensatory proliferation occurs exclusively in JAK/STAT signaling cells at the wound periphery. This spatial stratification is essential for proper tissue repair, as co-activation of JNK/AP-1 and JAK/STAT in the same cells creates conflicting inputs on cell cycle progression, leading to excess apoptosis of senescently arrested organizer cells. Finally, we demonstrate that bistable spatial segregation of JNK/AP-1 and JAK/STAT drives senescent and proliferative behaviors in transient as well as chronic tissue damage models, and importantly, in Ras V12 , scrib tumors under the influence of JNK/AP-1 activity. Revealing this previously uncharacterized regulatory network between JNK/AP-1, JAK/STAT and associated cell behaviors have important implications for our conceptual understanding of tissue repair, chronic wound pathologies and tumor microenvironments, where both pathways are strongly implicated.
Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Nicolae Pascaru
This article aims at a complex analysis of the concept of private interest and its identification both in the regulations of the national legal framework and of other countries, as well as the doctrinal treatment of this concept in the legal literature. The concept of private interest is closely related to the concept of public interest and the licensing of entrepreneurial activity, where the public interest is nothing more than a collection of private interests and the licensing of certain activities is designed to protect the public interest. The legal regulations in which we identify the concept of private interest, are intended to protect the individual, the legal entity, the entrepreneur and any subject of legal relations, from excessive, sometimes abusive intervention by the state in the licensed activity of entrepreneurs. Thus, the private interest is as a guarantor of non-interference in the activity of private subjects to practice a certain licensed activity. At the same time, the combination of private and public interests represents a new paradigm of state regulation of the economy in general, including licensing entrepreneurial activities in particular.
Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Tatiana TOFAN, Vasile TOMUZ
et al.
This article analyzes the strategic planning process that must be carried out by public institutions in the Republic of Moldova. Strategic planning focuses on the decision-making process, taking into account the expected and future image of the entity and the process of planning tools. Defining an individual, unique and at the same time standardized model of strategic management within the functioning of public administration entities is very difficult and even abstract. The legislative and normative framework that regulates the strategic planning process in public institutions is reviewed.
Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, Oleg BALAN, Fredolin LECARI
et al.
In this scientific approach, we have proposed to briefly analyze the evolution of legal thinking in the conceptualization of transnational organized crime after the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime on November 15, 2000, which became the first universal treaty through which the key concepts of the cooperation of states in field. Similarly, in this article we will analyze the main definitions proposed by doctrinaires of the concept that constitutes the object of the research by highlighting its distinctive features.
In the present study, the preponderant purpose is to examine the constitutive signs of the offenses provided for in art.1761 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. In this article, we bring together four typical types of offences. Thus, the following constitutive signs of these offenses are established: the special juridical object, material (immaterial) object and product, prejudicial action, mode and method of commission, the form and type of guilt; motive and purpose, the subject. In parallel, arguments are presented regarding the low quality of art.1761 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova.
Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, Andrei Smochina, Alexandru Tarna
et al.
The idea of the article is that, in general, digitalization does not create new human rights of a fundamentally different legal nature. It only actualizes or smooth certain aspects of long-recognized rights, transfers their operation into the virtual space, creates new opportunities for their realization and generates new threats to them. Ensuring human rights in modern conditions involves the search for adequate legal solutions, taking into account the opportunities and limitations generated by digital technologies. The world process of digitalization substantially affects virtually all social relationships, the fact that requires reassessment of many basic legal concepts. Among them are human rights, especially on the Internet. It is now increasingly asserted that technological innovations result in the emergence of new digital rights being that fundamentally differ from conventional rights and form a new generation of human rights.
Abstract External signals often influence developmental decisions. Whether hematopoietic cytokines contribute to lineage specification or serve to amplify decisions made by an intrinsic transcription factor program remains unresolved. Although much is known about signaling events emanating from the G-CSF Receptor (GR) and the M-CSF Receptor (MR), these signals have not been directly compared in a uniform cellular environment. Reasoning that differences seen could contribute to myeloid lineage choice in bipotent cells such as the granulocyte monocyte progenitor (GMP) or the CFU-GM, we have compared GR and MR signaling via endogenous receptors present in the U937 human leukemia cell line and using a subclone derived from the IL-3 dependent Ba/F3 stem cell line expressing both exogenous GR and MR, introduced by retroviral transduction. FACS analysis confirmed that the large majority of cells in our Ba/F3 line express both MR and GR at similarly high levels. Ba/F3 cells were IL-3 starved for 1hr (which caused no change in signaling for the pathways tested) prior to G-CSF, M-CSF stimulation, or mock addition. Both receptors reproducibly activated JNK and induced c-Jun phosphorylation, and both GR and MR signals activated ERK increasing total c-Fos levels, likely via c-Fos serine phosphorylation. Although only the cytoplasmic domain of MR has been demonstrated to interact with PLCγ, two different PLC-inhibitors (U-73122, a PLCγ-specific inhibitor, and edelfosine, a general PLC inhibitor) reduced ERK phosphorylation and c-Fos expression at 30 min downstream of both G-CSF and M-CSF stimulation. A connection between PLCγ and the ERK pathway had not been previously described within these signaling pathways. Two different ERK inhibitors (U0126 and PD9899) reduced c-Fos expression, confirming a link between ERK and c-Fos in hematopoietic cells. PLC and ERK inhibition not only reduced Fos induction, but also increased JNK activation and c-Jun phosphorylation at 30 min, identifying a novel connection between the ERK and JNK branches of the MAPK pathways. Conversely, JNK inhibition with SP600125 reduced c-Jun phosphorylation without altering ERK activation or c-Fos expression. The balance between c-Jun and c-Fos activation via the signaling pathways we have characterized may contribute to granulocyte versus monocyte lineage specification, as exogenous c-Jun directs monocyte development in cooperation with PU.1 and C/EBPα. For example, perhaps increased c-Fos diverts c-Jun to facilitate granulopoiesis. We did not detect differences in the effects of GR or MR on C/EBPα or PU.1 levels, DNA-binding, or C/EBPα serine 21 phosphorylation in U937 or Ba/F3 cells. On the other hand, GR but not MR signals potently induced STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA-binding at 30 min in Ba/F3 cells, of potential relevance to both proliferation and granulocytic differentiation induced by G-CSF. We now intend to further delineate G-CSF versus M-CSF activation of the JNK/c-Jun, PLCγ/ERK/c-Fos, and STAT pathways and their effects on granulocyte versus monocyte differentiation, using lineage-negative murine myeloid progenitors.