Abstract Anxiety and depression are significant concerns among antenatal women in Bangladesh. Despite the critical need for tailored mental health care in health facilities, studies on these symptoms in this demographic remain lacking. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the levels, distribution, and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their co-occurrence among women seeking antenatal care at a public healthcare facility in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study between May 2024, and June 2024, among women seeking antenatal care (ANC) care in Durgapur Upazila Health Complex, a primary-level public health facility in Bangladesh. Among 640 women who received ANC care, 638 participated in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to determine factors contributing to depressive and anxiety symptoms. About 39% of participants had depressive symptoms and 50% had anxiety symptoms, with 26% experiencing both simultaneously. No participants had severe overall depressive or anxiety symptoms. PHQ-9 data indicated half experienced daily fatigue, while GAD-7 data showed over half experienced daily nervousness and two-fifths had daily fears. Women in the second and third trimesters had 43% (aOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36–0.89) and 58% (aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24–0.71) lower odds of depressive symptoms compared to those in the first trimester respectively. Women with 11 years or more education had 40% (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.94) lower odds of anxiety. Additionally, women in the second and third trimesters had 40% (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37–0.97) and 49% (aOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.29–0.91) lower likelihood of co-occurrence compared to those in the first trimester and women with 6–10 years of education had 48% (aOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34–0.79) and those with 11 or more years had 52% (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29–0.81) lower likelihood of co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to women with 5 years or less education. Our study found a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among antenatal care seekers, with notable co-occurrence of these conditions. Given these findings, there is an urgent need for targeted mental health support for these women, especially those in their first trimester and those with limited education.
We provide a description of the fundamental group of the quotient of a product of topological spaces X i, each admitting a universal cover, by a finite group G, provided that there is only a finite number of path-connected components in X g i for every g ∈ G. This generalizes previous work of Bauer-Catanese-Grunewald-Pignatelli and Dedieu-Perroni.
We introduce and study cellular automata whose cell spaces are left-homogeneous spaces. Examples of left-homogeneous spaces are spheres, Euclidean spaces, as well as hyperbolic spaces acted on by isometries; uniform tilings acted on by symmetries; vertex-transitive graphs, in particular, Cayley graphs, acted on by automorphisms; groups acting on themselves by multiplication; and integer lattices acted on by translations. For such automata and spaces, we prove, in particular, generalisations of topological and uniform variants of the Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon theorem, of the Tarski-Følner theorem, and of the Garden-of-Eden theorem on the full shift and certain subshifts. Moreover, we introduce signal machines that can handle accumulations of events and using such machines we present a time-optimal quasi-solution of the firing mob synchronisation problem on finite and connected graphs.
Abstract We investigate security properties of the Anshel–Anshel–Goldfeld commutator key-establishment protocol [Math. Res. Lett. 6 (1999), 287–291] used with certain polycyclic groups described by Eick and Kahrobaei [http://arxiv.org/abs/math.GR/0411077]. We show that despite low success of the length based attack shown by Garber, Kahrobaei and Lam [J. Math. Crypt. 9 (2015), 33–43] the protocol can be broken by a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm.
Recently Ould Houcine-Tent (see arXiv:1205.0929v2 [math.GR]) proved that the theory of non abelian free groups is $n$-ample for any $n<\omega$. We give a sequence of single elements in $F_{\omega}$ witnessing the above mentioned result. Our proof is not independent from the one given in arXiv:1205.0929v2 [math.GR], as we essentially use some theorems from there. On the other hand our witnessing sequence is much simpler.
We consider a generalization of the uniform word-based distribution for finitely generated subgroups of a free group. In our setting, the number of generators is not fixed, the length of each generator is determined by a random variable with some simple constraints and the distribution of words of a fixed length is specified by a Markov process. We show by probabilistic arguments that under rather relaxed assumptions, the good properties of the uniform word-based distribution are preserved: generically (but maybe not exponentially generically), the tuple we pick is a basis of the subgroup it generates, this subgroup is malnormal and the group presentation defined by this tuple satisfies a small cancellation condition.
This is an edited write-up of lecture notes of the 7-th Appalachian set theory workshop of the same title led by the first named author at the Cornell University on November 22, 2008. A draft version of the notes was prepared by the second named author. This presentation is largely complementary to the earlier survey by the first-named author (Hyperlinear and sofic groups: a brief guide, Bull. Symb. Logic 14 (2008), pp. 449-480; arXiv:0804.3968v8 [math.GR]).
We study the subgroup structure, Hecke algebras, quasi-regular representations, and asymptotic properties of some fractal groups of branch type. We introduce parabolic subgroups, show that they are weakly maximal, and that the corresponding quasi-regular representations are irreducible. These (infinite-dimensional) representations are approximated by finite-dimensional quasi-regular representations. The Hecke algebras associated to these parabolic subgroups are commutative, so the decomposition in irreducible components of the finite quasi-regular representations is given by the double cosets of the parabolic subgroup. Since our results derive from considerations on finite-index subgroups, they also hold for the profinite completions $\hat G$ of the groups G. The representations involved have interesting spectral properties investigated in math.GR/9910102. This paper serves as a group-theoretic counterpart to the studies in the mentionned paper. We study more carefully a few examples of fractal groups, and in doing so exhibit the first example of a torsion-free branch just-infinite group. We also produce a new example of branch just-infinite group of intermediate growth, and provide for it an L-type presentation by generators and relators.
This is an edited write-up of lecture notes of the 7-th Appalachian set theory workshop of the same title led by the first named author at the Cornell University on November 22, 2008. A draft version of the notes was prepared by the second named author. This presentation is largely complementary to the earlier survey by the first-named author (Hyperlinear and sofic groups: a brief guide, Bull. Symb. Logic 14 (2008), pp. 449-480; arXiv:0804.3968v8 [math.GR]).
Abstract The Littelmann path model gives a realization of the crystals of integrable representations of symmetrizable Kac–Moody Lie algebras. Recent work of Gaussent and Littelmann [S. Gaussent, P. Littelmann, LS galleries, the path model, and MV cycles, Duke Math. J. 127 (1) (2005) 35–88] and others [A. Braverman, D. Gaitsgory, Crystals via the affine Grassmannian, Duke Math. J. 107 (3) (2001) 561–575; S. Gaussent, G. Rousseau, Kac–Moody groups, hovels and Littelmann's paths, preprint, arXiv: math.GR/0703639 , 2007] has demonstrated a connection between this model and the geometry of the loop Grassmanian. The alcove walk model is a version of the path model which is intimately connected to the combinatorics of the affine Hecke algebra. In this paper we define a refined alcove walk model which encodes the points of the affine flag variety. We show that this combinatorial indexing naturally indexes the cells in generalized Mirkovic–Vilonen intersections.
The purpose of this erratum is to correct the proof of Theorem A.0.1 in the appendix to our article ``Hadamard spaces with isolated flats'' math.GR/0411232, which was jointly authored by Mohamad Hindawi, Hruska and Kleiner. In that appendix, many of the results of math.GR/0411232 about CAT(0) spaces with isolated flats are extended to a more general setting in which the isolated subspaces are not necessarily flats. However, one step of that extension does not follow from the argument we used the isolated flats setting. We provide a new proof that fills this gap. In addition, we give a more detailed account of several other parts of Theorem A.0.1, which were sketched in math.GR/0411232.