In this present paper, we define the concepts of soft \(\beta^*\) -open sets, soft \(\beta^*\) -closed sets in soft topological space and study some of their properties. Further, the notion of soft \(\beta^*\) interior and soft \(\beta^*\) closure of a set are introduced, and their basic properties are explored.
Cool astrophysical objects, such as (exo)planets, brown dwarfs, or asymptotic giant branch stars, can be strongly affected by condensation. Condensation does not only directly affect the chemical composition of the gas phase by removing elements but the condensed material also influences other chemical and physical processes in these objects. This includes, for example, the formation of clouds in planetary atmospheres and brown dwarfs or the dust-driven winds of evolved stars. In this study we introduce FastChem Cond, a new version of the FastChem equilibrium chemistry code that adds a treatment of equilibrium condensation. Determining the equilibrium composition under the impact of condensation is complicated by the fact that the number of condensates that can exist in equilibrium with the gas phase is limited by a phase rule. However, this phase rule does not directly provide information on which condensates are stable. As a major advantage of FastChem Cond is able to automatically select the set stable condensates satisfying the phase rule. Besides the normal equilibrium condensation, FastChem Cond can also be used with the rainout approximation that is commonly employed in atmospheres of brown dwarfs or (exo)planets. FastChem Cond is available as open-source code, released under the GPLv3 licence. In addition to the C++ code, FastChem Cond also offers a Python interface. Together with the code update we also add about 290 liquid and solid condensate species to FastChem.
AbstractA finite element analysis of a hypothetical excavation was conducted to investigate recent stress-history effects on excavation-induced ground movements. The numerical simulations were cond...
In manuscript arXiv:1703.08719 [cond-mat.soft], it was claimed that the well-known deduction of Tolman's law is not rigorous, since Tolman's argument implies that two different definitions of the surface tension, called $\gamma$ and $\bar\gamma$ in the manuscript, coincide. This claim is retracted as it can be shown by free-energy minimization that $\gamma = \bar\gamma$ indeed holds for the Laplace radius. Joachim Gros, Philipp Rehner, Carlos Vega, Oivind Wilhelmsen, and the anonymous reviewers of The Journal of Chemical Physics contributed to finding the mistake in the manuscript.
In this article, a novel cluster analysis algorithm was employed in the study of polymer coil to globule transition via single chain Monte Carlo simulations. The algorithm, which has been recently applied in Molecular Dynamics simulations of atomistic systems that tend to phase separate [arXiv: 1307.7366 [cond-mat.soft]], provides us with a convenient means to map out the dynamics of "pearls" formation along the backbone chain together with extracting meaningful quantitative information about their shape and size distribution. Preliminary findings tend to favour a two-stage model of collapse kinetics, although a more complicated picture emerges when looking at the details of cluster formation along the chain.
Beautiful dune patterns can be found in deserts and along coasts due to the instability of a plain sheet of sand under the action of the wind. Barchan dunes are highly mobile aeolian dunes found in areas of low sand availability and unidirectional wind fields. Up to now modelization mainly focused on single dunes or dune patterns without regarding the mechanisms of dune interactions. We study the case when a small dune bumps into a bigger one. Recently Schwämmle and Herrmann [Nature (London) 426, 610 (2003)] and Katsuki [(e-print cond-mat 0403312)] have shown that under certain circumstances dunes can behave like solitary waves. This means that they can "cross" each other which has been questioned by many researchers before. In other cases we observe coalescence--i.e., both dunes merge into one--breeding--i.e., the creation of three baby dunes at the center and horns of a Barchan dune--or budding--i.e., the small dune, after "crossing" the big one, is unstable and splits into two new dunes.
We examine the sensitiveness of the free-energy landscape of a directed polymer in random media with respect to various kinds of infinitesimally weak perturbation including the intriguing case of temperature chaos. To this end, we combine the replica Bethe Ansatz approach outlined by Sales and Yoshino (e-print cond-mat/0112384), the mapping to a modified Sinai model, and numerically exact calculations by the transfer-matrix method. Our results imply that for all the perturbations under study there is a slow crossover from a weakly perturbed regime, where rare events take place, to a strongly perturbed regime at larger length scales beyond the so-called overlap length, where typical events take place leading to chaos, i.e., a complete reshuffling of the free-energy landscape. Within the replica space, the evidence for chaos is found in the factorization of the replicated partition function induced by infinitesimal perturbations. This is the reflex of explicit replica-symmetry breaking.
In the present work we reply to the Comment by Catalan and Scott (cond-mat/0607500) on two of our papers. This Comment has been rejected from publication in Physical Review Letters and, hence, our Reply is based on the cond-mat version.