Hasil untuk "Vocational guidance. Career development"

Meng-Chi Chen

Career decision-making is a socio-technical problem: individuals exercise bounded agency while navigating labor market institutions, organizational incentive structures, and information asymmetries that shape feasible trajectories. Existing frameworks optimize along single dimensions - financial returns, work-life balance, or mission alignment - without explicit models for inter-dimensional tradeoffs or temporal dynamics. We propose The Three Axes of Success, a normative decision framework decomposing career trajectories into Wealth (career capital accumulation and economic optionality), Autonomy (control over task selection, temporal allocation, and strategic direction), and Meaning (counterfactual social impact scaled by problem importance and personal replaceability). We formalize coupling dynamics between axes: the adjacent possible mechanism by which skill frontiers enable mission discovery, creating nonlinear Wealth -> Meaning transitions; autonomy prerequisites where insufficient career capital triggers control traps; and dual-career household constraints that yield Pareto-suboptimal Nash equilibria under independent optimization. We operationalize each axis through measurable proxies, analyze prototypical career archetypes - industrial R&D, academia, entrepreneurship - as points in (W, A, M)-space, and derive sequential versus simultaneous optimization strategies under uncertainty. The framework converts implicit career anxiety into explicit multi-objective optimization problems with satisficing thresholds, structuring the human-system interaction between individual deliberation and institutional constraints. This provides the first unified decision-theoretic treatment of career success, integrating insights from human capital theory, self-determination theory, and effective altruism into a coherent architecture for rational career design.

L. Latifah, Basyirun Basyirun

Career decision-making challenges remain a critical issue in vocational education, particularly at the secondary level, where many students choose majors that do not align with their interests and abilities. This condition highlights the need for early career guidance to help students map their career paths and develop their competencies appropriately. This study aims to develop a vocational career guidance module for Social Work students; to determine the validity of the module based on expert evaluation; to analyze the validity and reliability of the test instruments; and to examine the effectiveness, efficiency, practicality, and implementability of the module. This research employed the ADDIE R&D model involving 60 tenth-grade students of SMK Negeri 5 Samarinda, divided into experimental and control groups. The results indicate that the module is highly feasible, with material expert validation at 94% and media expert validation at 91%. The test instrument demonstrates strong quality, with 30 of 33 items deemed valid and a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability of 0.925. The module is proven to be highly effective (91.6%), efficient (89.6%), and practical (93.8%), with an implementation rate of 86%. In addition, teacher and student responses reached 90.8% (excellent category). Statistical analysis confirms significant improvement in students’ career decision-making skills, with tcount = 13.396 > ttable = 2.002, Sig. = 0.000, and an N-gain score of 0.72964 (high category). These results show that the developed module effectively enhances the career decision-making skills of Social Work vocational students.

Ximeng Hu

: Counselors in vocational colleges play a crucial role in guiding students' career development, and their career guidance capabilities directly impact students' employment quality and career prospects. However, current deficiencies in counselors' career guidance abilities highlight the need for improvement through policy support, systematic training programs, resource optimization, and role transformation. This paper explores the importance of enhancing counselors' career guidance capacities, analyzes existing shortcomings and challenges, and proposes practical strategies for improvement. These strategies include strengthening theoretical and practical training, optimizing resource allocation, building industry-college collaboration platforms, and establishing effective incentive mechanisms. The article emphasizes that only through policy refinement, systematic training, and multi-stakeholder collaboration can counselors' career guidance abilities meet the evolving needs of students and societal demands, thereby promoting the high-quality development of vocational education in colleges.

Desty Ratih Puspitasari, Diana Ariani, Divan Robi Pangestu et al.

This study is a narrative literature review aiming to identify and summarize various research findings related to media use in career guidance services at Vocational High Schools (SMK). By examining 41 scholarly articles published over the past ten years, this study presents key themes that have captured researchers' attention, including: the need for and development of career guidance media, the effectiveness of digital media in supporting career planning, the impact of guidance services on students' career readiness, student-centered guidance approaches, and the alignment of career programs with labor market demands. The findings reveal that career guidance media are not merely supplementary tools but essential strategies to bridge students with the ever-changing demands of the workforce. Technological advancements have stimulated innovation in career guidance services, such as digital applications, interactive media, e-modules, online counseling management systems, and approaches based on multiple intelligences and interest-talent profiling, proving effective in facilitating exploration and decision-making. Furthermore, collaboration among school counselors, students, and industry stakeholders is crucial for successful career services. This study recommends that career guidance in vocational schools be adaptive, technology-integrated, and aligned with 21st-century competencies to enhance graduates' employability.

Joyful E. Mdhluli, IAU Office of Astronomy for Development

Astrotourism has emerged as a powerful cross sectoral tool to promote science education, sustainable economic development, and cultural exchange. Recognising its potential, the International Astronomical Union's Office of Astronomy for Development (IAU OAD) has developed a suite of openly accessible resources to support individuals and institutions interested in implementing astrotourism initiatives globally. These resources also encourage individuals and existing businesses to broaden their offerings to include activities that use the night sky as a backdrop, such as food experiences, wellness practices, and cultural exploration. This paper offers a comprehensive summary of these resources, available on the OAD's Astrotourism Portal, and situates them within the broader context of astronomy for development work. The paper is targeted at educators, policymakers, tourism operators, grassroots organisers, and entrepreneurs, providing guidance on how they can foster inclusive, locally grounded, and sustainable astrotourism efforts, particularly in underresourced or emerging contexts.

Joyful E. Mdhluli, IAU Office of Astronomy for Development

Astronomy, often perceived as a distant or luxury science, holds immense potential as a driver for sustainable local socio-economic development. This paper explores how astronomy can create tangible benefits for communities through education, tourism, technology transfer, and capacity building. Using case studies from South Africa, Chile, Indonesia, and India, we demonstrate how astronomical facilities and initiatives have stimulated local economies, generated employment, supported small enterprises, and enhanced STEM participation, while simultaneously inspiring a sense of shared global heritage. The analysis identifies both successes and challenges, including unequal benefit distribution, limited local ownership, and sustainability gaps once external funding ends. Building on these lessons, we propose a practical framework/guidelines for designing, implementing, and evaluating astronomy-based community initiatives, rooted in participatory engagement and aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper positions astronomy as a catalyst for inclusive growth, demonstrating that investment in the cosmos can translate into grounded, measurable benefits for people and places on Earth.

Xinglun Chen, Ran Zhang, Huifeng Li

This article is an engineering note, and formal abstract is omitted in accordance with the requirements of the journal. The main idea of this note is as follows. In endoatmospheric landing of reusable rockets, there exist various kinds of disturbances that can induce the trajectory dispersion. The trajectory dispersion propagates with flight time and ultimately determines landing accuracy. Therefore, to achieve high-precision landing, this note proposes a novel online trajectory dispersion control method. Based on a Parameterized Optimal Feedback Guidance Law (POFGL), two key components of the proposed method are designed: online trajectory dispersion prediction and real-time guidance parameter tuning for trajectory dispersion optimization. First, by formalizing a parameterized probabilistic disturbance model, the closed-loop trajectory dispersion under the POFGL is predicted online. Compared with the covariance control guidance method, a more accurate trajectory dispersion prediction is achieved by using generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) expansion and pseudospectral collocation methods. Second, to ensure computational efficiency, a gradient descent based real-time guidance parameter tuning law is designed to simultaneously optimize the performance index and meet the landing error dispersion constraint, which significantly reduces the conservativeness of guidance design compared with the robust trajectory optimization method. Numerical simulations indicate that the trajectory dispersion prediction method can achieve the same accuracy as the Monte Carlo method with smaller computational resource; the guidance parameter tuning law can improve the optimal performance index and meet the desired accuracy requirements through directly shaping the trajectory dispersion.

Sangwon Jang, Taekyung Ki, Jaehyeong Jo et al.

Advancements in diffusion models have significantly improved video quality, directing attention to fine-grained controllability. However, many existing methods depend on fine-tuning large-scale video models for specific tasks, which becomes increasingly impractical as model sizes continue to grow. In this work, we present Frame Guidance, a training-free guidance for controllable video generation based on frame-level signals, such as keyframes, style reference images, sketches, or depth maps. For practical training-free guidance, we propose a simple latent processing method that dramatically reduces memory usage, and apply a novel latent optimization strategy designed for globally coherent video generation. Frame Guidance enables effective control across diverse tasks, including keyframe guidance, stylization, and looping, without any training, compatible with any video models. Experimental results show that Frame Guidance can produce high-quality controlled videos for a wide range of tasks and input signals.

Grace E. Calkins, Jay W. McMahon, Alireza Doostan et al.

Aerocapture is sensitive to trajectory errors, particularly for low-cost missions with imprecise navigation. For such missions, considering the probability of each failure mode when computing guidance commands can increase performance. A risk-aware aerocapture guidance algorithm is proposed that uses a generative-modeling-based probabilistic indicator function to estimate escape, impact, or capture probabilities. The probability of each mode is incorporated into corrective guidance commands to increase the likelihood of successful capture. The proposed method is evaluated against state-of-the-art numeric predictor-corrector guidance algorithms in high-uncertainty scenarios where entry interface dispersions lead to nontrivial failure probabilities. When using a probabilistic indicator function in guidance, 69% to 100% of recoverable cases are saved in near-escape and near-impact scenarios. In addition, the probabilistic indicator is compared to a first-order fading memory filter for density estimation, showing improvements in apoapsis error even when a fading filter is included. The probabilistic indicator function can also accurately predict failure probability for dispersions outside its training data, showing generalizability. The proposed risk-aware aerocapture guidance algorithm improves capture performance and robustness to entry interface state dispersions, especially for missions with high navigation uncertainty.

Shai Yehezkel, Omer Dahary, Andrey Voynov et al.

Denoising diffusion models excel at generating high-quality images conditioned on text prompts, yet their effectiveness heavily relies on careful guidance during the sampling process. Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) provides a widely used mechanism for steering generation by setting the guidance scale, which balances image quality and prompt alignment. However, the choice of the guidance scale has a critical impact on the convergence toward a visually appealing and prompt-adherent image. In this work, we propose an annealing guidance scheduler which dynamically adjusts the guidance scale over time based on the conditional noisy signal. By learning a scheduling policy, our method addresses the temperamental behavior of CFG. Empirical results demonstrate that our guidance scheduler significantly enhances image quality and alignment with the text prompt, advancing the performance of text-to-image generation. Notably, our novel scheduler requires no additional activations or memory consumption, and can seamlessly replace the common classifier-free guidance, offering an improved trade-off between prompt alignment and quality.

Javad Rajabi, Soroush Mehraban, Seyedmorteza Sadat et al.

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) has become an essential component of modern diffusion models to enhance both generation quality and alignment with input conditions. However, CFG requires specific training procedures and is limited to conditional generation. To address these limitations, we propose Token Perturbation Guidance (TPG), a novel method that applies perturbation matrices directly to intermediate token representations within the diffusion network. TPG employs a norm-preserving shuffling operation to provide effective and stable guidance signals that improve generation quality without architectural changes. As a result, TPG is training-free and agnostic to input conditions, making it readily applicable to both conditional and unconditional generation. We further analyze the guidance term provided by TPG and show that its effect on sampling more closely resembles CFG compared to existing training-free guidance techniques. Extensive experiments on SDXL and Stable Diffusion 2.1 show that TPG achieves nearly a 2$\times$ improvement in FID for unconditional generation over the SDXL baseline, while closely matching CFG in prompt alignment. These results establish TPG as a general, condition-agnostic guidance method that brings CFG-like benefits to a broader class of diffusion models.

Arik Harianto, Buwani Buwani, Erta Faradina et al.

This study aims to analyze the integration between career guidance, career development, and the curriculum of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in an effort to improve the quality of graduates who are ready to work. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from various literature sources and previous research. The results of the analysis indicate that the synergy between career guidance, career development, and relevant curriculum can improve the competence and work readiness of SMK graduates. The implementation of a structured career guidance program, the development of an industry-based curriculum, and collaboration with the business world/industry (DUDI) are the keys to achieving these goals.

Tao Zhang

With the rapid development of vocational undergraduate education, enhancing the quality of students' career development has become a critical issue. Traditional employment guidance models often fail to meet students' individualized needs, necessitating an investigation into the mechanism through which precision employment guidance influences career maturity and employment satisfaction. Grounded in the Person-Environment Fit Theory and the Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study constructs a moderated mediation model to systematically elucidate the internal pathway by which precision employment guidance affects employment satisfaction through career maturity, while also demonstrating the boundary role of personalized service quality. The findings reveal that precision employment guidance, via customized content, refined processes, and targeted objectives, facilitates the reconstruction of students' career cognition and enhances their decision-making abilities, thereby strengthening their employment satisfaction. Personalized service quality plays a dual moderating role in this process, not only reinforcing the promotive effect of guidance on career maturity but also optimizing the efficiency of the transformation from maturity to satisfaction. This study offers a novel perspective for deepening career guidance theory and provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing employment service practices.

W. Hulukati

This study aims to develop a study abroad career guidebook as a guidance and counseling tool for vocational high school students to enhance their readiness for global education and career competition. Addressing challenges in existing career guidance, the guidebook bridges information gaps on requirements, application procedures, and cultural adaptation strategies. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method, it was developed in six stages, including validation by experts in guidance and counseling, Indonesian language, study abroad, and design. The results indicate that the guidebook enhances students' understanding of application procedures, scholarship opportunities, and cultural adaptation. Expert validation confirms its effectiveness as a structured and comprehensive career guidance tool. Additionally, the guidebook is expected to strengthen family and counselor involvement in career planning, equipping students with the necessary knowledge and support to compete in the global job market. Keywords: Cultural Adaptation, International Career Guidance Media, Student Career Planning, Vocational High School, Study Abroad

Doreen Barigye

Background: Effective career guidance is critical in Technical Vocational Education and Training in Uganda (TVET). The current career guidance practice is weighed down by lack of; funds, trained personnel, and policy. Since many studies explore career practices in secondary schools, examining the specific approaches in TVET as an entity is new.Objective: This study investigated the established career guidance practices for TVET in Uganda and it also aimed to determine the definition and goal of career guidance in TVET, including the related activities, impacts, and challenges.Method: A qualitative study using open-ended questions and interviews was employed. The questions were hosted on Google Forms. The questionnaire link was shared on the participant’s WhatsApp group by a contact person. Seventeen participants responded plus interviewees (3). The data was transcribed and synthesized in Microsoft Word with a three-column table to identify emerging patterns and themes.Results: The findings reveal that career guidance is very vital in TVET as much as it is in secondary schools, and it needs funding, trained personnel, policy, and planning. In addition, a model for institutions to follow in implementation of career guidance is relevant to streamline the service to all students. As well as a categorical service that caters for each student’s ability, talent, interests, and growth.Conclusion: The non-uniformity in career guidance implementation can be solved by creating a model that can be followed by all institutions. Looking into the major setbacks such as poor funding, few trained personnel, and no policy framework is paramount.Contribution: The current situation, engagements and potential of career guidance in Technical Vocational Education and Training in Uganda was explored in this article.

Yuana Kristiyorini, Muslihati, Henny Indreswari et al.

Career adaptability is the ability of individuals to prepare themselves to complete various predicted tasks and engage in work roles, as well as to handle unexpected problems that arise due to transitions in the workplace. This research and development aims to develop a guidance handbook using an experiential learning model to enhance the career adaptability of vocational school students. This research is a research and development using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The results of the expert test assessment and prospective users applied inter-rater agreement data analysis. Furthermore, the product effectiveness test was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test method. Based on the validation of material experts, media, and prospective users, as well as the effectiveness test for students, it can be concluded that the guide is very high in validity according to the aspect of acceptability. Thus, it can be concluded that the guidance handbook using an experiential learning model to enhance the career adaptability of vocational school students is suitable for use.

O. Arhipova

This article considers the issue of vocational guidance work in schools as a factor in increasing the level of self-determination of students. Professional self-determination of young people is one of the most important state goals of the educational system. The author presents the stages and tools of vocational guidance work within the framework of public projects. As the main directions of career guidance work in school can be defined: professional education, professional diagnostics, professional counseling. The author considers the directions that make career guidance work more productive.

Jun Wang

In the increasingly fierce competition in the job market and complex social environment, the integration of Curriculum Civics and Politics into the curriculum system of college student's career development and employment guidance is of great significance in cultivating high-quality talents with social responsibility, professional ethics, and comprehensive vocational ability. This paper discusses the importance of this integration and its implementation strategy. Through the paths of strengthening the integration of curriculum content, enhancing the professionalism and the ability of the teaching team in Civic and Political Education, innovating the teaching methods, and building a multi-dimensional cooperation platform, it aims to realize the effective combination of knowledge and skills and values education, promote the all-round development of the students, to cultivate outstanding talents who are more adapted to the needs of the social development.

Jane Rossouw

Background: Life Orientation educators hold great responsibility for the well-being of their students, which can be supported through imparting sexuality education. However, the absence of formal training for this subject may have negative consequences in fulfilling professional duties. Objectives: This article intends to foreground how Life Orientation educators impart sexuality education to their students, exploring aspects of their personal attitudes and comfort in imparting education related to sexuality and queerness. Methods: This qualitative study consisted of five Life Orientation educators in the Gauteng Province to understand their approaches to impart sexuality education to their students and the influence of their personal upbringings. The research was thematically analysed through a systems theory framework. Results: The results emphasise how personal religious beliefs impact sexuality education’s delivery and educators’ discretion in implementing the curriculum. The ambiguity of the curriculum and diverse teaching backgrounds also contribute to avoidance of topics like sexuality education and queer identities. Moreover, the non-examinable nature of these topics, combined with subjective interpretations of age-appropriateness, further marginalise them. Conclusion: This article calls for awareness of the consequences of religious convictions and subjective perceptions of age-appropriateness of educators on the delivery of sexuality and queer education. Contribution: This study contributes by highlighting challenges faced by Life Orientation educators in creating inclusive environments when personal religious beliefs conflict with comprehensive sexuality education. It enhances understanding of areas for improvement in training and subject knowledge to ensure educators affirm diverse identities and impart sexuality education effectively.