Aims: This current study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics of the agricultural workforce and demonstrate the impact of these characteristics on agricultural activity in terms of production and diversity. It also aimed to clarify the population distribution of the workforce according to demographic and economic indicators, and finally to evaluate its relationship with agricultural activities. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical approach was adopted, relying on statistical data available from official and field sources. The study also tried to determine the size of the workforce and its geographical, age, educational distribution, and analyze the extent of its contribution to agricultural activity. The correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between labor force characteristics and agricultural production indicators in the studied areas. Results: After analyzing all the gathered data, the results showed a positive correlation between the density of the agricultural workforce and the level of agricultural production in most of the studied areas, especially in areas with adequate infrastructure and agricultural services. It also showed that the productive age group of the workforce represents the highest percentage of those employed in this sector, in addition to the concentration of workers with limited education in traditional agricultural activities, which limits the expansion of modern methods. Conclusions: It can be concluded that workforce represents one of the fundamental pillars of agricultural sector development, and that improving its demographic and educational characteristics would contribute to increasing agricultural production efficiency significantly. The study emphasized the importance of supporting agricultural training programs and developing workers' skills in order to achieve optimal use of human resources in this vital sector.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
As smart city development deepens, its impact on the urban-rural income gap has become a key concern for both the government and society. This article uses panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities between 2010 and 2022, treating the pilot smart city policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and applying a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to empirically examine how smart city construction affects the urban-rural income gap. It also analyzes the role of economic agglomeration in this process. The research indicates that smart city development has significantly increased the incomes of urban and rural residents and has positively contributed to sharing development benefits between these areas. Mechanism analysis shows that economic agglomeration plays an important mediating and threshold role—smart cities indirectly influence the urban-rural income distribution by fostering economic agglomeration, with this effect showing nonlinear characteristics at different levels of agglomeration. Based on these findings, the article proposes policy recommendations aimed at optimizing economic agglomeration models and advancing urban-rural integrated development, offering theoretical insights and practical strategies for narrowing the income gap and promoting common prosperity.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań na temat strategii komunikowania buddyjskich związków wyznaniowych zarejestrowanych w Polsce. Badanie przeprowadzono metodami analizy treści oraz analizy danych zastanych. Wykorzystano założenia etnografii wirtualnej, która ma na celu poznanie i opisanie zachowań ludzi i zjawisk dostępnych w internecie oraz ich efektów. Stwierdzono m.in., że buddyjskie związki wyznaniowe stosują nowe media do realizacji strategii komunikacji. Są one ukierunkowane na: autoprezentację, budowanie relacji między członkami wspólnoty, propagowanie buddyzmu, aksjologizację. Strony internetowe realizują wymienione strategie, zwłaszcza w zakresie autoprezentacji. Profile w mediach społecznościowych służą głównie budowaniu relacji oraz aksjologizacji. Buddyzm w Polsce nie jest zjawiskiem masowym, ale istotnym dla kultury polskiej. Badania w tym zakresie służą więc budowaniu wzajemnego szacunku w warunkach wielokulturowych społeczeństw.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Canada’s ongoing colonial relationship with its Indigenous peoples reflects its overall views on multiculturalism and racial diversity. In her “Land as Pedagogy,” Indigenous scholar Leanne Simpson describes how Indigenous cultures use their traditional lands as a heuristic device to continue the education of their cultural customs and histories throughout generations. Conversely, in Intimacies of Four Continents, Lisa Lowe argues for the sharing of colonial experiences as a way of building intimate connections despite the barriers between ‘continents’ upheld by colonial frameworks. In this talk, I will argue that through close engagement with Indigenous literature and scholarship, Indigenous and racialized Canadians can learn how to share their experiences of living as minorities with one another. Indigenous teachings foster intimate connections across these racial differences and distinctions, acting as a “means to observe the historical division of world processes into those that develop modern liberal subjects and modern spheres of social life” (Lowe 17). Focusing specifically on Simpson’s narration of her experience sharing her Indigenous customs with her co-author, Robyn Maynard in Rehearsals for Living, this talk will present traditional Indigenous lands as a heuristic device for racialized Canadians, arguing that this land provides the space needed to form intimate connections to heal from the traumas of colonialism. Therefore, Indigenous customs teach racialized Canadians the importance of continuing the fight against colonial frameworks within Canada; to lose the battle is to lose the formative aspects of their racialized identities. The overall argument of this talk is that reaching across continents and converging based on our experiences living within colonial frameworks — of which the generational implications continue to live on in our bodies — helps colonized individuals to understand each other by partaking in intimate decolonial acts of education.
تعد الرموز من التقانات المهمة التي تثير فضول المتلقي وتزيد رغبته في الوصول الى قصد الشاعر ، والكشف عن دلالاتها القارة داخل نتاجه الشعري ، فديناميكية الرمز تكفل ولوج القارئ الى عمق النص ، فعمل القارئ يصبح فضاء لقراءات متعددة ، ذات الدلالة البعيدة عن الواقع المذكور ، إذ ان الرمز المكاني في النص الأدبي أداة فاعلة في كشف الخبايا النصية المفروزة من دلالاته في بعده المعبر عن البوح المكنون في أهواء الشاعر المكبوتة في دواخلها والمنطوية على ذاتها ، لذا فان اختيار هذا الموضوع يعد محاولة لتسليط الضوء على تلك الرموز وبخاصة الطللية منها ، وإظهار أهميتها في شعر حسام الدين الحاجري ، وما دامت الرموز متعلقة بالقارئ أكثر من ارتباطها بالنص ، لذا وجب على القارئ تفكيك تلك الرموز ، فهذا البحث قائم على رصدها والكشف عن مكنوناتها وبخاصة الرموز (الطللية) بوصفها مكانا محملا بأبعاد وايحاءات كثيرة .
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Kulwa Mwita Mang'ana, Daniel Wilson Ndyetabula, Silver John Hokororo
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in agriculture sector, contribute significantly to economic change in developing countries by addressing a wide range of unemployment, nutrition, income poverty, and food security issues. Despite their critical role and contribution to economic growth, they have received a great deal of criticism for their poor performance. Most of the challenges confronting these agro-enterprises, however, are the result of poor financial management practices. Previous research studies have indicated generally that financial management practices have an impact on the performance and success for small businesses, yet scholarly research shows there is limited empirical evidence on which financial management practices have an influence on the agri-SMEs performance, which is why it was critical to examine this phenomenon. A total of 427 SMEs in Tanzania's agricultural sector were surveyed and examined. The developed hypotheses were evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS 4 to determine the effect of implementing financial management practices on the performance of agri-SME. Findings from the empirical study shows that working capital management practices and financing management practices have significant positive influence on both financial and organizational performance of the surveyed agro enterprises, while the accounting, financial reporting practices and capital budgeting management practices have insignificant influence on the performance agri-SMEs performance. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government and regulatory authorities such as the Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) must continue to emphasize their policies for improved agri-SME performance and sustainability while directly or indirectly encourage managers (venture owners) to consider working capital and financing practices as core to their financial management strategies.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Architectural education in India is largely envisioned as a technical-vocational course, leading to humanities-related courses like history, to remain alienated from students as well as practitioners. History of Architecture is a core subject in Bachelor of Architecture as per regulatory guidelines, but the program level outcomes are often limited to stylistic study of standard sets of examples of monumental structures from the past. This trend can be traced back to the colonial episteme started during the British programme of instruction and is ingrained in the educational system. This study enquires into the current state of history education at the undergraduate level in architectural schools in India and examines the continuing impact of colonisation on our production of knowledge. This is done by analysing the content of the architectural history curricula of colleges in India and discussions with academic practitioners who have been teaching the subject in those institutions. Unpacking the curricula and their influences on teaching, brought out the perpetuation of colonial biases embedded in architectural history education. The study argues that a well-designed history curriculum has the potential to contextualise design education and create critically aware architects, and thus take a step towards decolonising the practice itself.
Beatriz Garcia-Ortega, Javier Galan-Cubillo, Blanca de-Miguel-Molina
This paper assesses whether and to which extent the COVID-19 pandemic, which represents a scenario of high moral intensity, is influencing the moral reasoning of top CEOs (chief executive officers) in the paradigmatic case of the automotive industry and how this moral reasoning relates to their CSR response to the crisis and their CSR plans in the long run. To this end, we took the CEO letters before and after the pandemic outbreak of the top 15 automotive companies, and applied Weber’s method to conduct a moral reasoning categorization, along with an examination of their CSR approach and initiatives. The results show a predominant moral paralysis among these CEOs, where positive reactions addressed are philanthropic in nature and more likely to be a transient response to the crisis, rather than a sustained long-term improvement of their CSR rooted in a significant moral approach enhancement. Furthermore, CEOs at the lowest stages of moral reasoning, primarily focused on their own business and immediate stakeholders, are less likely to highlight these philanthropic initiatives. The outcome evidences the convenience of addressing CSR from the lens of moral reasoning, and it further draws the attention of the scientific community, companies and their top management, stakeholders, and society to the relevance of investigating and considering the moral reasoning of top management in large corporations and its implications.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
ركز البحث على الدوافع والاسباب المؤدية الى السقوط من خلال حقل فلسفة التاريخ متعرضا الى أراء اهم فلاسفة التاريخ . ابتدأ البحث بتعريف فلسفة التاريخ وعلاقتها بعلم التاريخ واهدافها العامة . ثم تطرق الى نظريات فلسفة التاريخ التي صبت جهدها لمعرفة القوانين او السنن المتحكمة في حركة التاريخ والعوامل التي تنقل المجتمع من مرحلة الى اخرى . الشق الاخر من البحث هو التفسير الاسلامي لحركة التاريخ واسباب سقوط الدول ابتداء من القران الكريم مرورا بفلسفة الامام علي ()التي كانت اكثر دقة وتفصيلا لعوامل النهوض وملامح الانهيار التي اسماها ( مصارع القرون ) ثم تناول البحث اراء المفكرين المسلمين الذين سبقوا ابن خلدون في هذا الباب .
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Gurpreet Singh, S. Al’Aref, Benjamin C. Lee
et al.
Conventional scoring and identification methods for coronary artery calcium (CAC) and aortic calcium (AC) result in information loss from the original image and can be time-consuming. In this study, we sought to demonstrate an end-to-end deep learning model as an alternative to the conventional methods. Scans of 377 patients with no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) were obtained and annotated. A deep learning model was trained, tested and validated in a 60:20:20 split. Within the cohort, mean age was 64.2 ± 9.8 years, and 33% were female. Left anterior descending, right coronary artery, left circumflex, triple vessel, and aortic calcifications were present in 74.87%, 55.82%, 57.41%, 46.03%, and 85.41% of patients respectively. An overall Dice score of 0.952 (interquartile range 0.921, 0.981) was achieved. Stratified by subgroups, there was no difference between male (0.948, interquartile range 0.920, 0.981) and female (0.965, interquartile range 0.933, 0.980) patients (p = 0.350), or, between age <65 (0.950, interquartile range 0.913, 0.981) and age ≥65 (0.957, interquartile range 0.930, 0.9778) (p = 0.742). There was good correlation and agreement for CAC prediction (rho = 0.876, p < 0.001), with a mean difference of 11.2% (p = 0.100). AC correlated well (rho = 0.947, p < 0.001), with a mean difference of 9% (p = 0.070). Automated segmentation took approximately 4 s per patient. Taken together, the deep-end learning model was able to robustly identify vessel-specific CAC and AC with high accuracy, and predict Agatston scores that correlated well with manual annotation, facilitating application into areas of research and clinical importance.
Abstract The article explores issues of narrative time and space. It embraces a conception of geography, of space, as place involving relations among people, with ‘their own stories to tell’. And as story, as narrative, geography can be captured by a ‘story grammar’: Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How (the 5 Ws + H). When and Where, time and space, are the fundamental axes of narrative, different cultures differently grounding narrative in time (the ‘once upon a time’ of Western culture) or in space (the Western Apaches of Arizona). The article explores the ways in which new computational tools allow us to understand and represent actors and their actions in the setting of time and space, ways for geography to meet history, via linguistics. The article illustrates the geographical and historical implications of the approach by focusing on lynching narratives from hundreds of newspaper articles (Georgia, 1875–1930).
There has never been a better time to create audio content than the present. Not only do most personal computers come with audio software like GarageBand (OSX) and VoiceRecorder (Win) already installed, free programs such as Audacity and LMMS can be readily downloaded online. This has opened up a variety of new project opportunities for instructors eager to incorporate digital humanities concepts and ideas into their classrooms. In multimodal communication courses foregrounding history, archive, and visual culture studies, the form of the audio guide offers a useful medium for students to create inventive and theoretically rigorous projects.
<p class="textro">Călătorii străini ce străbat Principatele Române vin în marea lor majoritate din Europa Centrală și de Nord. Prezența lor în spațiul românesc se datorează însărcinărilor politice, militare și economice primite din partea statelor care i-au trimis. După traversarea frontierelor politice, reprezentanții marilor puteri pătrund în interiorul țării și, de regulă, urmează drumul spre capitalele Principatelor Române: București, Iași, Sibiu și intră în contact cu realități care definesc aceste provincii. Peregrinii remarcă puternicele influențe orientale de la curtea domnitorilor, remarcate în ceremonial, vestimentație și protocol. Însă, peregrinii remarcă și influențe occidentale la curțile domnilor români, e adevărat, încă timide. În Transilvania, la curtea guvernatorului, prezențele lumii occidentale erau covârșitoare și evidente. Călătorii străini fac numeroase considerații asupra vestimentaţiei, locuinţelor, mentalităților și sistemului politic din Principatele Române.</p><p class="textro"><strong><em>Cuvinte-cheie:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>Principatele Române, Orient, Occident, curțile domnești, călătorie.</em></p><p class="textro"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>FOREIGN TRAVELLERS IN THE ROMANIAN SPACE: FROM THE CAPITALS OF THE EMPIRES <br /> TO THE ROYAL COURTS IN THE ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES (1710-1810)</strong></p><p>The foreign travellers that crossed the Romanian Principality mostly came from Central and Northern Europe. Their presence in the Romanian space is due to their political, military and economic missions they received from the states that would send them. After crossing the political borders, the representatives of the great powers would enter the country and would usually follow the road towards the capitals of the Romanian Principalities: Jassy, Bucharest, Sibiu, and come into contact with realities that defined those provinces. The pilgrims would notice the strong oriental influences at the princes’ courts, observed in the ceremony, clothing and protocol. However, the pilgrims would also remark the western influences at the courts of the Romanian princes, though indeed still timid. In Transylvania, at the governor’s court, the presence of the western world is prevailing and obvious. The foreign travellers would make numerous considerations of the clothing, households, mentalities and political system in the Romanian Principalities.</p>
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
En 1941, una investigación policial activada por una misteriosa denuncia contra un grupo de jornaleros salvadoreños evidencia un complejo entramado en la circulación de opinión pública entre clases sociales fuertemente dicotomizadas. La policía no logró formarse una idea clara del delito imputado a los jornaleros, que no obstante fueron obligados a cesar todas sus prácticas. Una lectura acuciosa del expediente evidencia el intento de los jornaleros de apropiarse de prestigiosas técnicas espirituales de la élite salvadoreña. A pesar del desenlace del proceso, la estrategia acabó triunfando y dando forma a una de las expresiones más originales de religiosidad vernácula.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
أن اعتراض أحمد بن حنبل على التغییر فی منحى الإصلاح ورفضه تصدر الواجهة إدراکاً منه لمقاصدها، فضلاً عن استعجال الخلافة بتفویت فرصة التأثیر علیه، من خلال فرض الإقامة الجبریة علیه، واختفائه بعدها، مأزقاً محرجاً لهذه القوى، فکان لا بد من بدیل تؤهله مکانته وسوابقه من حشد قوى العامة، فکان أحمد بن نصر الخزاعی، الذی لم یدان بشیء سوى أن بعضهم کان یتردد علیه.<br /> وعلى الرغم من ذلک، ارتضت الخلافة التضحیة به، مستهدفةً إفقاد هذه القوى للرمز من جهة، فضلاً عن إرهاب من یمثلهم الخزاعی من الانصیاع لتطلعات قوى المعارضة، من جهةٍ أخرى. إلاّ أن ما یؤسف علیه أن المؤرخین الذین لم یجدوا مسوغاً لذلک نسبوا إلیه أقوال وأفعال لتبریر فعل الخلافة ولتتسق النتائج مع المقدمات.<br /> لکل ذلک عدّ الخزاعی من قبل أقرانه ومعاصریه ومن أعقبهم مظلوماً شهیداً، حیکت الأساطیر حول جسده المعلق على جسر سامراء.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
One of the most challenging and interesting aspects of digitising historic material has been working out how to do it in the most efficient and effective way. The partnership between the British Library and the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development was introduced in Alexandria 28(1). In the second of a series of articles, Richard Davies and Sotirios Alpanis describe how the partnership operationally delivers an online portal. They focus on collaborative working, workflow management and tool development. Historical archives around the world may be subject to general neglect, ravages of time, poor storage, damaging environmental conditions or the destructive forces of war. Rihana Suliman discusses how the Endangered Archives Programme addresses these issues through its efforts to preserve endangered material, digitise it, safely deposit surrogate copies in more than one location and making it freely available online. Ian Willison outlines the development of the history of the book not only as an academic discipline in its own right but as a field of study of critical, potentially central, importance for the advancement of the humanities in general. Much scholarship on the history of the book has been Eurocentric. Graham Shaw looks beyond this and considers the field in a postcolonial context. In 2017, the British Library appointed Jen Calleja as its first Translator in Residence. In the final article in this issue of Alexandria, Calleja describes her activities in this role. She reports on collaboration with the Library’s Learning and Events teams and on an exploration of the legacy and archive of poet-translator Michael Hamburger. In addition, she outlines a project to discuss translation with Library staff: how they use the different languages they know, where translation comes up in their official role and in their personal life and how staff who speak only English cope when they need translators.
The Tuning Movement and the scholarship of teaching and learning have each had a significant impact on teaching history in higher education in the United States. But the isolation of these initiatives from each other has lessened their potential impact. Interactions between the two might bring together the intellectual exploration of scholarship of teaching and learning and the activist engagement with practical challenges present in the U.S. Tuning Movement. The work of groups, such as the History Learning Project, could facilitate such interactions.