Hasil untuk "Diplomatics. Archives. Seals"

Guilherme Santos Gomes, Priscila Ribeiro Gomes, Leticia de Luna Freire

Este artigo analisa o impacto do Centro de Memória da Escola Municipal Friedenreich na prática pedagógica da instituição, destacando sua contribuição à educação patrimonial. A pesquisa adota abordagem qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e observação de atividades educativas. O estudo contextualiza a resistência da escola à tentativa de remoção entre 2009 e 2013, durante os preparativos para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Palavras-chave: E. M. Friedenreich; prática pedagógica; centro de memória; identidade.

Mariusz Wollny

Autor powieści historycznych ukazujących Kraków w XVI w. korzysta z licznych opracowań ukazujących ówczesne życie mieszkańców i funkcjonowanie władz miejskich. Pisząc o Krakowie okresu Młodej Polski przełomu XIX/XX w., mimo popularności tej epoki, autor zmuszony jest sprawdzić w archiwaliach realia pracy c.k. policji, których autentyczność jest walorem powieści.

Aneta Januszko-Szakiel

Zrównoważone archiwa cyfrowe to zasobooszczędne platformy zarządzania atrybutami obiektów cyfrowych, takimi jak: dostępność, autentyczność, integralność, poufność, użyteczność, spójność z wymogami prawa, standardami jakości i celami archiwów. To także podejście w archiwizacji cyfrowej, w którym optymalizowany jest wpływ środowiskowy kompletnego otoczenia zapisu i odczytu obiektów cyfrowych w całym cyklu jego życia. Celem artykułu jest omówienie zagadnienia archiwizacji cyfrowej w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju. W tekście przybliżono koncepcję wielopoziomowych archiwów cyfrowych, wskazując na ich potencjał w zrównoważonym zarządzaniu zasobami cyfrowymi. Scharakteryzowano projekt CREDO, który jest rodzimym przykładem poszukiwania rozwiązań dla efektywnej energetycznie archiwizacji zasobów cyfrowych.

Jim Suderman, Frédéric Simard, Nicholas Rivard et al.

Protecting privacy has become a pressing problem for archives, which are mandated with providing access to enormous volumes of records, both analogue and digital, with limited resources. Content-driven solutions, including anonymization and pseudonymization as well many automated solutions, have delivered unsatisfactory results, with many records being broadly restricted. In this paper, we lay out the theoretical framework for a context-based AI privacy solution for archival records, combining three approaches to “context” (contextual integrity, archival diplomatics, and knowledge graphs). This framework lays the groundwork for a GraphRAG workflow that identifies critical contextual information about privacy in records collections. By centering context and making it machine-legible, this solution operationalizes contextual integrity, allowing archivists and other records professionals to make informed decisions about privacy in a resource-efficient manner.

Jane Hyslop, E. Skinner, Nikki Tomkins

ABSTRACT The Oxford Conservation Consortium (OCC) provides library and archive conservation and collection care services to 17 University of Oxford Colleges. This paper compares three large-scale projects undertaken by the OCC to conserve and rehouse College archival collections, detailing the lessons learned from each and how these shaped decision-making throughout. The first, and largest, of the three projects focuses on the conservation and rehousing of the St John’s Estates collection, primarily paper and parchment documents dating from the twelfth to the twentieth century housed in poor quality acidic envelopes. The second presents the Queen’s Deeds project which involved the cleaning, repair, and rehousing of approximately 2500 medieval parchment deeds, many with pendant seals. The final project discussed is the ongoing rehousing of Lincoln Archive’s Estates and Livings collection, comprising a range of material and formats. Each project presented challenges such as managing storage limitations, working to tight budgets, maintaining consistency of approach, item tracking, and surveying large and diverse collections. Effective planning and management has been key to success, ensuring that the approach remains streamlined and economical while adapting to changing circumstances and priorities. The key lessons learned are shared for the advisement of others embarking on similar large-scale rehousing projects.

Philippe Abrahami

Oleg Sanin

The textbook is a systematic and systematic presentation of the emergence, formation and development of archives of the diplomatic departments of Russia in the pre—revolutionary period (Embassy Order — Board of Foreign Affairs - Ministry of Foreign Affairs). The article shows the huge role of diplomatic archives in the history of the Russian archival business, reveals their place in the formation of documentary heritage as an integral part of the history of the Fatherland. The author shows the process of formation and development of the largest Russian diplomatic archives, their place in the development of Russian historical science. The study of a significant amount of literature and archival materials allowed the author to raise questions in a new way about the appearance of the first historical archives in Russia, the time and process of the emergence of a scientific trend in the work of Russian archives, and the formation of the stock principle of document storage. It also highlights the contributions to historical science and archival studies of a number of prominent historians and archivists who worked in pre-revolutionary diplomatic archives. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state standards of higher education. It is intended for students studying in the fields of 46.03.01 "History", 46.03.02 "Documentation and Archival Science", 46.04.01 "History" and 46.04.02 "Documentation and Archival Science".

Theophile Rageau, Laurence Likforman-Sulem, A. Fiandrotti et al.

Seals are small coin-shaped artifacts, mostly made of lead, held with strings to seal letters. This work presents the first attempt towards automatic reading of text on Byzantine seal images.Byzantine seals are generally decorated with iconography on the obverse side and Greek text on the reverse side. Text may include the sender's name, position in the Byzantine aristocracy, and elements of prayers. Both text and iconography are precious literary sources that wait to be exploited electronically, so the development of computerized systems for interpreting seals images is of paramount importance. This work's contribution is hence a deep, two-stages, character reading pipeline for transcribing Byzantine seal images. A first deep convolutional neural network (CNN) detects characters in the seal (character localization). A second convolutional network reads the localized characters (character classification). Finally, a diplomatic transcription of the seal is provided by post-processing the two network outputs. We provide an experimental evaluation of each CNN in isolation and both CNNs in combination. All performances are evaluated by cross-validation. Character localization achieves a mean average precision (mAP@0.5) greater than 0.9. Classification of characters cropped from ground truth bounding boxes achieves Top-1 accuracy greater than 0.92. End-to-end evaluation shows the efficiency of the proposed approach when compared to the SoTA for similar tasks.

Nicholas Rivard, H. Hamouda, Victoria Lemieux et al.

This paper is about the trustworthiness, particularly authenticity, of videos produced and posted by citizen journalists. An archival diplomatics perspective is adopted. It focuses, among other things, on authentication by means of assessment of the form of records rather than simply their content. First, we focus on a study examining whether citizen journalists can ascertain if a news video is fake. The results of that study informed an approach to automate the assessment of a news video’s authenticity, building on archival diplomatics’ principles and methods of formal analysis. The study data and a set of authenticity criteria are then modeled into a knowledge graph. We suggest that graph analytics techniques may complement archival diplomatics in helping to assess the authenticity of videos. They can produce relative authenticity scores that may help computational archivists and others appraise the veracity and authenticity, of multi-media records with precision.

Flora Lobosco

Dr. Chang Xiao

An examination of Japanese diplomatic archives shows that during the two decades between the post-war period and the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, the Japanese government made constant adjustments to its China policy in response to the evolution of the domestic and international situation. In the early post-war period, the Japanese government established diplomatic relations with the Taiwanese authorities, and Sino-Japanese relations were in a state of “political and economic separation.” In 1969, the Japanese government insisted on the “two Chinas” line, but due to the easing of SinoAmerican relations, Sato Eisaku’s cabinet began to consider official-level contacts with the Chinese government. In 1971, influenced by the “Nixon Shock” and the restoration of China’s legal seat in the United Nations, Japan adjusted its policy toward China and accelerated the process of normalization of diplomatic relations. In 1972, the cabinet of Kakuei Tanaka was established and set out to improve SinoJapanese relations, and the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan was realized in September.

Yulia N. Guseva, Vasilii S. Khristoforov

The article carries out research on the individual stories reflecting the interdepartmental contradictions between the NKID (represented by its head G.V. Chicherin) and the Central Archives (headed by M.N. Pokrovsky) on the issue of using the archival documents of the imperial diplomatic institutions. Based on the previously unpublished Central Archives materials of the years 1926–1927 stored in the special depository of the Russian Civil Aviation, Chicherin’s general position on the use of the documentary heritage of the Imperial Foreign Ministry is revealed; the paper also describes the essence of the contradictions concerning the procedure for the collecting, systematizing and using the documents. There is a detailed study of Chicherin’s attempts to build business relations with the representatives of the Soviet archival department and of Pokrovsky’s opposition to that. The arguments of both sides in defense of their own position are discussed separately. Particular attention is paid to the “revolutionary” ideological component of Chicherin’s argumentation, to the assumption that the archives are a tool for Soviet Russia to realize its own global historic mission. A conclusion is drawn about the nature of the established cultural practices of the new bureaucracy.The study of the emerging access mechanisms of various government departments to the process of extracting historical facts broadens our understanding of the Soviet experience of the political-ideological “conveyor” and leads the authors to the conclusion that the resource approach to archival, documentary heritage is a typical element of the political culture of the Soviet period, and it has effectively migrated to the modern era.

Insa Herzog, P. Wohlsein, Anika Preuss et al.

The ectoparasitic seal louse, Echinophthirius horridus infects harbour (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the North and Baltic Sea. The endoparasitic heartworm Acanthocheilonema spirocauda parasitizes the right heart and blood vessels of harbour seals. The complete lifecycle of the heartworm is not entirely understood although the seal louse is assumed to serve as vector for its transmission. Knowledge about the impact of both parasite species on host health are scarce. In this study, necropsy data and archived parasites of harbour and grey seals in German waters were analysed to determine long-term seal louse (SLP) and heartworm prevalence (HWP) from 2014 to 2021. Histology, microbiology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied on seal louse infected and uninfected skin to investigate associated lesions and the health impact. During the study period, HWP in harbour seals was 13%, the SLP in harbour seals was 4% and in grey seals 10%. HWP of harbour seals was significantly higher during the winter months compared to the summer. SLP in adults was significantly higher in comparison to juvenile harbour seals. SLP varied significantly between grey seals from the North and Baltic Sea. Filarial nematodes were detected in the haemocoel, pharynx, and intestine of E. horridus highlighting the seal louse as vector for heartworms. Alopecia and folliculitis were associated with the attachment posture of E. horridus and microbiological investigations isolated bacteria commonly associated with folliculitis.

Sérgio Roberto Massagli

Abordar a produção literária sobre o Contestado pressupõe discutir categorias como testemunho, memória e arquivo, bem como considerar o papel dos autores com relação ao passado e à história. Este trabalho mapeia o acervo literário sobre a Guerra do Contestado para identificar o que Leonor Arfuch chama de “temporalidades da memória”, mostrando que há peculiaridades na forma de se escrever sobre um evento traumático nos períodos que lhe sucedem. Palavras-chave: literatura; arquivo; memória; Guerra do Contestado.

Claudia Beatriz Heynemann, Nívia Pombo

Fernando Bouza es doctor en historia moderna por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). Es catedrático en la UCM desde 2005. Ha dedicado su atención a la historia cultural y política de la alta Edad Moderna ibérica con especial hincapié en la historia del libro y de la lectura, la circulación manuscrita, la vida aristocrática de corte, la construcción y práctica de signos de reconocimiento y hábitos, así como a la majestad altomoderna de Felipe II a Felipe IV o la escriturización del despacho y gobierno y los primeros atisbos de la opinión pública. Ha sido profesor visitante en EHESS de París, The Johns Hopkins University, la University of California at Berkeley y la Universidade de São Paulo, así como Chaire d´État en el Collége de France. Participa em el proyecto “Las prácticas culturales de las aristocracias ibéricas del siglo de oro: en los orígenes del cosmopolitismo altomoderno (siglos XVI-XVII)”, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España (PID2020-113906GB-I00).

Flora Lobosco

H. Hamouda

Can archival science and diplomatics enhance our ability to authenticate YouTube citizen journalism videos captured in conflict-affected regions? This research explores the possibility of expanding the current process of human rights open-source investigators in verifying online videos by integrating authentication measures of archival diplomatics into the workflow of open-source investigators and intelligence (OSINT).

I. Matyash

The purpose of the article is to comprehend the essence of the concept of “diplomatic archive” and to review documents, which were created in the activities of Polish diplomatic and consular institutions and/or are related to the development of Polish-Ukrainian interstate relations, preserved in state archives in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, determinism, and special scientific methods of scientific heuristics, information analysis, and source criticism. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by a comprehensive analysis of the composition and content of the Polish segment in “the Ukrainian diplomatic archive” – documents generated in the activities of Polish diplomatic missions and consulates in UNR/UkrSSR and materials on surveillance of Polish diplomats in the UkrSSR during 1918–1991. Conclusions. The Polish segment in the Ukrainian diplomatic archive is not a complete set. These are documents related to contacts of the Polish mission with the authorities and institutions of the host country: drafts and texts of treaties and conventions; authorization documents of the heads of Polish diplomatic missions and consulates; official correspondence of the highest state level; documents generated in the course of activities of Polish diplomatic missions and consulates in the host country; documents related to the implementation of consular functions; audiovisual documents; materials of special services’ supervision and materials of party control over the activities of Polish diplomatic missions and consulates. It seems important to create a common archival and information base on the composition and content of Polish and Ukrainian diplomatic archives.

Joo-yong Kim

The materials related to Shinheung Military Academy, owned by the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, along with materials left by independence activists, such as Seokju’s posthumous death, Baekha Diary, and Won Byeongsang’s memoirs, must be very important for the study of Shinheung Military School. Among the materials used in the study of Shinheung Military Academy, the most mentioned are the materials left by independence activists. However, in order to more clearly reveal the reality of Shinheung Military Academy, it is urgent to utilize the materials owned by the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Although it contains a lot of incomplete information such as spying, it is of high usefulness as it provides relatively extensive information on the current status of Korean migration in the West Gando region and of organizations directly or indirectly related to Shinheung Military Academy, such as Gyeonghaksa, Bumindan, and Jasakgye. The materials possessed by the Japanese Diplomatic Archives are reports of consuls and vice-consuls of consulates dispatched to the country, and secret agents, and are essential data for research on the history of the Korean independence movement. In particular, the reports of the spies were evidence that revealed the ‘inner life of the independence movement’ of those who had deeply infiltrated the Korean independence movement world. Sinheung Military Academy was the organization that the Japanese paid the most attention to in the West Gando region. It was because it was an organization that encompassed both the aspect of cultivating the independence army and the aspect of being the center of Korean society. Therefore, among the materials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, Shinheung Education Association, Livelihood Association, and Shingye, etc, which have not been revealed so far, are considered to be data that will reveal more abundantly the reality of the independence movement of Shinheung Military School and outlying organizations and the situation related to bomb production and importation into Korea in the future. In addition, there is an aspect in which research on the Bumindan and the Han Chinese Association has not been relatively progressed compared to the known status so far.

M. Ngoepe, Lorette Jacobs, Makutla Mojapelo

Recent developments in the knowledge economy impact on the archival profession globally. Key components of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), such as blockchain technology and artificial intelligence are influencing the manner and context in which digital records in organisations are managed. This has necessitated the University of South Africa, a comprehensive open distance e-learning institution (CODeL), through the Department of Information Science, to evaluate and recurriculate its postgraduate programme in archives and records management. The key aim of this recurriculation was to ensure alignment with international trends and practices in digital records management practices. The revised programme offers graduates an opportunity to keep abreast with various technological and digital records discipline-related developments with reference to knowledge and information governance, data curatorship and management, as well as archival diplomatics and digital records forensics. This qualitative study used literature review, as well as personal experiences to explore the revision of an archives and records management curriculum in a CODeL environment to make it relevant to technological transformations unique to the 4IR. In our analysis, we recommend the inclusion of computational archival science in the responsive curriculum, to enable graduates to acquire skills in the application of technological tools, methods and resources pertaining to digital records processing, analysis, storage, long-term preservation, and access. The focus of the recurriculation was to improve the efficiency, productivity, and precision in support of appraisal, arrangement and description, preservation, and access towards enhanced digital records management practices. The study also reports on the framework for team approach in the development of the programme, as well as elements of transformation to reflect Africanisation in the curriculum.