Hasil untuk "Oils, fats, and waxes"

Thais Lomonaco Teodoro da Silva, V. Baeten, Sabine Danthine

The structuration of oils offers a promising alternative to high-saturated fats, capturing significant interest and undergoing development for two decades. Integrating high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) with oil structuration presents a compelling approach, as HIU has demonstrated its ability to alter numerous physical properties of fats with low saturated content. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of HIU on beeswax (BEW), candelilla wax (CLW), carnauba wax (CBW), and rice bran wax (RBW) oleogels. The minimum concentration required for oleogel formation (Cg) was established as the concentration at which the gel could maintain its structure without flowing when inverted. All oleogels in their Cg underwent sonication using a 13 mm probe, 50 % amplitude for 10s. The oleogels, whether sonicated or not, were evaluated based on their microstructure, hardness, viscoelastic properties, oil binding capacity (OBC), melting behavior, mild-infrared analysis, and X-ray. The amount of wax used to form a gel was quite low, especially for BEW (1.7 %) and CLW (1.4 %). After sonication, BEW, CLW, and CRW waxes significantly improved, mostly physical properties evaluated. On the contrary, RBW showed a depletory effect of physical properties after sonication in the condition tested. It was possible to observe that when appropriately optimized, sonication serves as a vital technique in the oleogelation of some waxes, offering a robust method to produce enhanced and stable oleogels suitable for food applications.

Mehdi Saffari, Pooria Kianoush, Behzad Saffari et al.

Abstract The Sarvak Formation in the Yadavaran oilfield within the Zagros Basin is a significant hydrocarbon reservoir characterized by complex sedimentological and diagenetic features influencing its reservoir quality. This study aims to investigate the sedimentological facies and diagenetic processes within the Sarvak Formation to enhance understanding of its reservoir potential. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using core samples, thin-section petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The primary objectives included identifying distinct facies assemblages and correlating them with diagenetic alterations. The results indicate the presence of three key facies: lagoonal facies, characterized by fine-grained, bioturbated sediments with a high organic content, exhibiting a porosity of approximately 15–20%; open marine facies, consisting of well-sorted, coarse-grained sands with a lower organic content and porosity ranging from 10 to 12%; and transitional facies, which display mixed characteristics of both lagoonal and open marine environments, with porosity values between 12 and 18%. The integration of advanced analytical techniques, including SEM and XRD, provided detailed insights into mineralogical composition and microstructural features, highlighting the impact of diagenetic processes on reservoir quality. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the Sarvak Formation’s reservoir characteristics, offering valuable insights for hydrocarbon exploration and production strategies in the Zagros Basin.

Shangxin ZHAO, Guiliang PANG, Shujuan QIU et al.

ObjectiveUtilizing existing product oil pipelines for additional methanol transport can enhance hydrogen and methanol delivery while addressing the issue of insufficient throughput in product oil pipelines. However, China has not yet developed a comprehensive technological system for this purpose. MethodsThe basic properties of methanol and relevant specifications and standards were reviewed to discuss the batch design for incorporating methanol transport in product oil pipelines. Precautions for the adjacent transportation of methanol with diesel and gasoline were analyzed. The impact of additional methanol transport on mixed oil volumes was examined, and key aspects of isolation fluid selection and application were identified. With a focus on quality management for additional methanol transport in product oil pipelines, process technologies such as batch interface monitoring and tracking, methanol/gasoline and methanol/diesel mixed oil cutting, and mixed oil treatment were elaborated on. ResultsThe adjacent batch transportation of methanol with diesel and gasoline respectively has its own advantages. A feasible batch design for additional methanol transport in product oil pipelines can be established by comparing pipeline oil transportation, oil consumption, and pipeline characteristics, while giving special focus on the control of oil mixing. If isolation fluid is employed, its selection should be based on a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of the isolation process, oil quality before and after treatment, cost, and reliability. Online density meters, optical interface meters, and online batch interface tracking technologies can effectively monitor and track the interface in the adjacent batch transportation of methanol with diesel and gasoline. Boiling range and flash point were recommended as criteria for methanol/gasoline and methanol/diesel mixed oil cutting. To maintain oil quality and simplify mixed oil treatment, the three types of mixed oil (methanol/gasoline, methanol/diesel, and gasoline/diesel) should be received and stored separately for each batch. ConclusionTransporting additional methanol through product oil pipelines is technically feasible. However, future research is required on the flow characteristics of the mixed oil segment between methanol and diesel, the diffusion characteristics of the mixed oil, the mixed oil characteristics at the batch interface between water-containing methanol and gasoline/diesel, and the calculation model for mixed oil during the batch transportation of methanol with gasoline and diesel. This research aims to provide technical support for the operation and management of additional methanol transport through product oil pipelines.

Neuvis Alejandro Pino, Lucas Marchetti, Gabriel Lorenzo

Sagheer A. Onaizi

In this study, a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H2S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first time. The mud formulation, containing the spent palm oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase, respectively, was stabilized by Span 80 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant as primary and secondary emulsifiers, respectively, while hydrophobic zinc nanoparticles (NPs) were used as weighting agent. The results showed that H2S scavenging capacity at the breakthrough time reached 182.4 g H2S/barrel mud, which increased to 417.9 g H2S/barrel mud at the saturation time, demonstrating the effective H2S scavenging performance of the formulated mud. The spent palm oil-based mud (SPOBM) also showed a good flow behavior that could be well fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley and Casson models. The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the SPOBM has been investigated, and the fitting of the viscosity-temperature data provided an estimate of the activation energy as 23.53 kJ/mol. The findings reported in this article reveal the feasibility of transforming the spent/waste cooking oils into a valuable commodity for formulating greener drilling fluids with acceptable rheology and excellent H2S scavenging performance.

Olivier Aerts, Jeroen Pyl, Evelyne Mangodt et al.

Xiaoming LUO, Zihan JIA, Hongyang ZHANG

Hydrogen, as an efficient energy carrier and clean fuel, has a demand for large-scale storage. At present, the underground hydrogen storage (UHS), in types of salt caverns, depleted oil and gas reservoirs and aquifers, is the most feasible solution balancing the storage security and economy. Specifically, UHS in the depleted oil and gas reservoirs is most promising among the three types. Herein, the particularity of UHS was discussed by comparing the difference of physical properties among H2, CH4 and CO2. In particular, the technical challenges and coping strategies for UHS in depleted oil and gas reservoirs were overviewed: (1) For the gas leakage caused by unstable displacement, seepage and diffusion, efforts should be made to control the gas injection rate, optimize the scheme of injection-production and cushion gas arrangement, and study the caprock breakthrough pressure, the surface interface characteristics and the flow and mass transfer mechanism. (2) For the hydrogen-consuming geochemical reaction and microbial catalysis, the strata with highly hydrogen-sensitive minerals, ions and microorganisms should be excluded from UHS potential sites to prevent unacceptable H2 consumption. (3) To cope with the integrity failures of traps and artificial materials, the risk of formation damage and gas leakage should be evaluated considering the macroscopic and microscopic deformation and fracture evolution characteristics of the formation. Besides, appropriate materials should be selected to enhance the resistance of artificial facilities to corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement. Finally, the directions of research on UHS technology were pointed out, including the research on H2 loss mechanism under multi-scale and multi-field coupling, the numerical simulation study on-site scale of UHS, and the gas migration and leakage monitoring technology in UHS. Generally, this research could provide a reference for promoting the engineering practice of UHS.

Mohammad A. Abdelwahhab, Nabil A. Abdelhafez, Ahmed M. Embabi

Steeply dipping prograding fan deltas possess high reservoir quality facies that could be excellent targets while exploring for hydrocarbons. Due to their complex stacking nature, and limited examples, delineating their architectural elements is still challenging. In this paper we mainly performed sedimentary facies analysis; applying various disciplines e.g. sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, GR-log motifs, and seismic waveform segmentation; so as to adequately depict the reservoir heterogeneity and quality of the Paleozoic Nubia clastics in West Esh El Mallaha Concession (southwest Gulf of Suez rift). Organic maturity prediction, to confirm the hydrocarbon charging from source units to reservoir intervals, was also of most importance in this study. Accordingly, 1D basin model was established to define the past geologic events; subsidence, and thermal maturity; and their controls on sedimentary basin evolution and associated petroleum potential. We utilized several key-information scales; e.g. wireline logs, and seismic profiles. Linking different disciplines applied in this study points to a successful integrated reservoir characterization workflow capable of unfolding ancient environments and the associated hydrocarbon potential. The results show that Nubia Formation was built during the lowstand−transgressive phase of a 3rd order depositional sequence. It encompasses fluvio-lacustrine system with eight sedimentary facies associations; form source to sink. Fluvial channels and mouth bars, settled in subaerial and subaqueous settings respectively, represent the most significant reservoir facies in the area. Given best hydrocarbon-reservoir quality, the deltaic mouth bars ought to attract attention of further oilfield development plans and be considered while investigating similar settings.

张慧君1， 李虎1， 惠林冲2， 袁于舒1， 朱秀秀1， 马宗新3， 徐茜1 ZHANG Huijun1, LI Hu1, HUI Linchong2, YUAN Yushu1, ZHU Xiuxiu1, MA Zongxin3, XU Qian1

以50个品种甜瓜种子为试验材料,对其表型性状进行测定，然后用索氏抽提法测定含油率，气相色谱法测定种子油脂肪酸组成，并对种子表型性状、含油率与种子油脂肪酸组成相关性进行分析。结果表明：表型性状最大的甜瓜品种为MW，MW的籽粒表面积、宽、千粒质量均最大；林蜜25号甜瓜品种的种子含油率最高，为32.532%，WQ的种子含油率最低，仅为17.915%；甜瓜种子油中含量最高的脂肪酸为亚油酸，其次是油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸，亚麻酸含量最低，亚油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是常见小绿瓜，为75.011%，油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是省工108，为31.289%，棕榈酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是WQ，为13.281%，硬脂酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是爽口1，为9.862%；相关性分析表明，含油率与红度呈极显著正相关。3个品种的马泡瓜含油率较高，且皮薄，种子非常多，因而马泡瓜最适宜选育榨油。 Melon seeds, from 50 varieties were used as experimental materials, and their phenotypic traits were determined. Then the oil content was determined by Soxhlet extraction method, the fatty acid composition of seed oil was determined by gas chromatography, and the relations among phenotypic traits, oil content of melon seed and fatty acid composition of seed oil were analyzed. The results showed that the melon variety with the largest phenotypic trait was MW, and the seed surface area, width and 1 000 grain weight of MW were the largest. Linmi 25 melon seed had the highest oil content, reaching 32.532%, and WQ had the lowest oil content, only 17.915%. Linoleic acid was the highest fatty acid content in melon seed oil, followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and linolenic acid was the lowest. The content of linoleic acid in Common Small Green melon was the highest, which was 75.011%. The melon variety with the highest oleic acid content was Shenggong 108, which was 31.289%. WQ had the highest palmitic acid content, which was 13.281%. The melon variety with the highest stearic acid content was Shuangkou 1, which was 9.862%. Correlation analysis showed that the oil content was extremely,significantly and positively correlated with redness. The three varieties of Momordica has higher oil content, thin skin and many seeds, so the Momordica is the most suitable for breeding and oil pressing.

LIU Shugen, RAN Bo, YE Yuehao et al.

As a systematic study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation was carried out by paleontological comparison, thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy and Nitrogen Adsorption Method in Qilong Village outcrop, Xishui, Guizhou Province, the following main insights are obtained: ① The Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Qilong Village outcrop is complete, and is conformable with overlying Silurian Shiniulan Formation and the underlying Ordovician Jiancaogou Formation, with 12 graptolite biozones developed and without unconformity; ② Based on a variety of sedimentary fabric features, six major shale lithofacies in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation are determined; ③ The quartz content of the Wufeng Longmaxi Formation decreases, while clay minerals increase gradually from the bottom to the top in Qilong Village outcrop, which shows the content of brittle minerals decreases, and a decrease of fracability of the shale from the bottom to the top; ④ The organic matter types of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Qilong Village outcrop are mainly of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ₁, and the high TOC shale is mainly distributed in the Wufeng and lower Longmaxi Formation; ⑤ There is relatively low paleoproductivity of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Qilong Village outcrop. The high quality black shale was deposited in anoxic-dysoxic conditions, and high content of organic matter benefits from the high burial efficiency of organic matter; ⑥ The organic pores of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Qilong Village outcrop are mainly distributed in Wufeng and lower Longmaxi Formation, while organic pores were not developed in the upper member of Longmaxi Formation or Guanyinqiao member. The abundance of the small pores vertically decreases with stratigraphy upwards and The abundance of the large pore increases with stratigraphy upwards; ⑦ The natural gas adsorption capacity of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Qilong Village outcrop is a minimum of 1.62 m³/t, a maximum of 2.8 m³/t, and an average value of 2.13 m³/t. This shows that the larger the <i>TOC</i> value is, the stronger the corresponding adsorption capacity will be, and indicates organic matter content plays a decisive role in gas-bearing capacity of organic-rich shales.

Zhang Pengyu, Guo Dengming, Tu Xueyang et al.

In order to solve the problems such as high labor intensity at the time of make up, break out and transfer of tubing as well as the nonsynchronous tubing transfer speed and elevator speed, a folding tubing transfer device was developed. The device carries out tubing transfer by hydraulically driven travelling block, the speed for the travelling block to transfer the tubing changes with the change of falling and rising speed of the travelling elevator, and the speed control of the travelling block is realized by controlling the hydraulic oil displacement of the manually operated reversing valve of the hydraulic motor, which meets the requirements for the field operator to control the speed of running and pulling tubing. Field application results show that the tubing transfer device is convenient for loading and unloading, stable and reliable in operation, and accurate in tubing alignment; worked in with hydraulic elevator, the average speed of tubing make up/break out is 45 per hour, and 50 per hour maximally, which alleviates the labor intensity of workers, significantly improves the workover operation efficiency, and obviously improves the safety performance. The research results provide reference for users, designers and managers in related fields.

Abdullaev G.S., Bogdanov A.N., Eydel'nant N.K.

The Fergana region is one of the five petroleum bearing regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan with proven industrial productivity in the stratigraphic range from Paleozoic to Neogene, including. An overview of the history of geological and geophysical exploration, lithological and stratigraphical characteristics of sections, tectonic structure and oil and gas content with stratigraphic and tectonic features of fields, their phase composition, the results of exploration activity, including those carried out by investors, the number of discovered petroleum accumulations, their ranking, concerning type of fluids. Highlighted the priority stratigraphic sections and territories for further exploration. Further oil and gas prospects of the region are justified by the presence of traps, as well as predicted and promising petroleum resources, which indicates the feasibility of further exploration for oil and gas in the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Wantong Sun, Jun Pei, Na Wei et al.

It is easy to change the original temperature state of marine gas hydrate reservoir by drilling, which leads to uncontrollable decomposition of gas hydrate and release of large amount of gas. The decomposition gas will further escape and expand, and the reservoir will break and collapse due to its weak cementation characteristic, which will easily lead to a series of other potential risks. Therefore, in this study, based on the drilling process of marine gas hydrate, we establish the theoretical model and numerical calculation method of wellbore temperature field, analyze the influence on wellbore temperature of drilling fluid displacement, density, viscosity and injection temperature, and seawater depth. Then the sensitivity laws of reservoir risk in marine gas hydrate drilling are obtained. The results show that with the increase of drilling fluid displacement, density, viscosity and injection temperature, the temperature in lower well section and bottom hole will increase, making the increasing amplitude of temperature in hydrate reservoir larger and the scope of influence on hydrate reservoir stability bigger. Moreover, drilling is more likely to raise the temperature of reservoirs in shallow seawater depth, posing greater risks. Thus, engineering measures to avoid risks caused by rising reservoir temperature in marine gas hydrate reservoir drilling are presented. This study is of great significance to ensure the safety of marine gas hydrate reservoir drilling.

Liangxue CAI, Menglong WANG, Tong LIU et al.

To study the transient characteristics of the sound field of the piezoelectric ultrasonic internal detector probe array, a finite element model of the probe array in the pipeline was established by COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the correctness was verified under experimental test conditions of the self-developed piezoelectric ultrasonic internal detector. Transient characteristics of the sound field under working conditions of single probe and double probes were studied respectively, and the variation of sound pressure at each point of the sound field under the two working conditions was obtained. The results show that the influence of echo signals on the signal reception of adjacent probes is small. When two adjacent probes work at the same time, the sound pressure superposition area is far away from the probe surface, and its influence on signal reception of adjacent probes can be easily eliminated. This model can determine the total sound field of a probe array in the pipeline under given conditions, and provide theoretical basis for the design of the piezoelectric ultrasonic internal detector.

Z. Ghouila, M. Sehailia, S. Chemat

Lei WANG, Hui ZHANG, Xiaodong PENG et al.

The global mobility theory was used to evaluate the experimental results of oil displacement with water of different salinities. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X diffraction of clay minerals, nonlinear seepage and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and particle migration inhibition experiments before and after water flooding were compared to determine the mechanisms of water sensitive damage and enhanced water flooding mechanism of low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs in Wushi region of Beibuwan Basin, China. A production equation of the oil-water two phase flow well considering low-speed non-Darcy seepage and reservoir stress sensitivity was established to evaluate the effect of changes in reservoir properties and oil-water two-phase seepage capacity on reservoir productivity quantitatively, and injection water source suitable for the low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs in Wushi region was selected according to dynamic compatibility experimental results of different types of injected water. The seepage capacity of reservoir is the strongest when the injected water is formation water of 2 times salinity. The water-sensitive damage mechanisms of the reservoirs in Wushi region include hydration of clay minerals and particle migration. By increasing the content of cations (especially K+ and Mg2+) in the injected water, the water-sensitive damage of the reservoir can be effectively inhibited. The formation water of Weizhou Formation can be used as the injection water source of low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs in the Wushi region. Key words: Beibuwan Basin, low permeability reservoir, sandy conglomerate reservoir, water-sensitive damage, enhanced water flooding, effective driving coefficient, global mobility, water flooding

Chaoyang Hu, Fengjiao Wang, Chi Ai

Abstract The swelling effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) in coal seam is obvious. In the restrained deep formation, it is converted to stress acting on the wellbore and the caprock. The action stress is concentrated near the wellbore and poses a threat to the cement-formation interface. Due to interface failure to micro-annulus, wellbore integrity will be lost and this will have an impact on carbon dioxide-enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO2-ECBM) and storage. In this paper, the pseudo-steady pressure distribution and steady pressure distribution of CO2 injection process were established after considering the change in permeability of coal seam injected with high-pressure supercritical CO2, and the vertical stress distribution model was derived. A one-dimensional radial numerical simulation formed by iterative method was established. A model for calculating the failure length at the cement-formation interface is obtained, and the shear stress and debonding length at the interface at various injection rates and times are calculated. The results show that the shear stress on the cement-formation interface has the maximum magnitude on the height of the interface between coal seam and caprock. The shear stress generated by coal swelling may break the fragile cement-formation interface into a narrow debonding interface. The injection rate has an influence on the interface failure length. For the same total injection amount, low injection rate is beneficial to protect the cement-formation interface integrity. This study provides a reference for the design of maximum injection speed for CO2-ECBM and storage to avoid leakage.

R. Hartel, J. H. Elbe, Randy Hofberger

Hu Dong, Zhao Honglin, An Chen et al.

Underwater wet electrical connector is a connecting device used to connect underwater equipment in the working environment of sea water, oil and drilling fluid. Due to its harsh working environment, its sealing technology is of great importance. The service life of the connector is largely determined by its seal’s lifetime. Taking the compression set ratio as the indicator of degradation performance, the lifetime calculation of underwater wet electrical connector under constant temperature has been studied. By establishing the finite element model of thermoelectric coupling, the seal’s temperature distribution under working condition has been attained. The life prediction model based on Arrhenius formula has been built. Based on the seal lifetime and compression set ratio measured at different temperatures in national standard test, using step by step search method programming formula’s coefficients, the life prediction algorithm under the effect of temperature has been compiled. The relation of service life and permanent compression deformation rate under different temperatures could be attained by substituting the result of finite element calculation into the algorithm. The proposed method is of great importance for the life prediction of underwater wet electrical connectors.

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