Hasil untuk "Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics"

Cumulus Association

The present Cumulus Design Declaration has as its precedent the Kyoto Design Declaration of 2008, which was proposed to express the responsibility of design in an era marked by the challenges of sustainability and globalization. The Cumulus Association has been the platform for this, and over the years the values of the Declaration have been adopted by its members and partner institutions, such as international companies, governments and sister organizations. Given the pace of change and the contemporary challenges we face as a society, the association set out to revisit the Kyoto Design Declaration and reaffirm design’s commitment to society and the planet. This has been done in an open and collaborative way by means of a two-year process involving surveys, workshops and discussion forums for the participation of associates representing 400 educational institutions and more than 40 institutional partners worldwide, all accompanied by semantic and data analysis to co-create an evolved version of the original Design Declaration.

Eduard Enoiu, Jean Malm, Gregory Gay

We explore the concept of folklore within software engineering, drawing from folklore studies to define and characterize narratives, myths, rituals, humor, and informal knowledge that circulate within software development communities. Using a literature review and thematic analysis, we curated exemplar folklore items (e.g., beliefs about where defects occur, the 10x developer legend, and technical debt). We analyzed their narrative form, symbolic meaning, occupational relevance, and links to knowledge areas in software engineering. To ground these concepts in practice, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 industrial practitioners in Sweden to explore how such narratives are recognized or transmitted within their daily work and how they affect it. Synthesizing these results, we propose a working definition of software engineering folklore as informally transmitted, traditional, and emergent narratives and heuristics enacted within occupational folk groups that shape identity, values, and collective knowledge. We argue that making the concept of software engineering folklore explicit provides a foundation for subsequent ethnography and folklore studies and for reflective practice that can preserve context-effective heuristics while challenging unhelpful folklore.

Pojtom Narongwit, Nirat Soodsang

The purposes of this research were 1) to study community products towards the development of product potential for tourism, 2) to develop community products using design thinking methods using the cultural heritage capital, and 3) to assess tourist satisfaction towards community products based on cultural heritage. The research was conducted in three phases: Phase 1 studying community products towards the development of product potential for tourism, Phase 2 developing community products using design thinking methods using the cultural heritage capital, and Phase 3 assessing tourist satisfaction towards community products based on cultural heritage. For Phase 1, two cultural tourism communities in Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand, were chosen for this research. The development of community products included consideration of community potential, cultural heritage, and tourism products (CCT), and these resulted in CCT Model. For Phase 2, the use of the five stages of design thinking and design thinking tools were employed with CCT Model of the communities in order to create their community products based on cultural heritage (i.e., three products for each community). For Phase 3, the satisfaction of 100 tourists were assessed in terms of five aspects, including 1) connection with tourism, 2) connection with cultural heritage, 3) value based on identity and cultural heritage, 4) marketing ability, and 5) product quality. The community products were successfully created, and the overall satisfaction assessment result was at a high level. Recommendations for further research are also discussed.

Elena Aversa, Michele Mauri

This paper presents VisuaLies, a workshop designed to engage citizens in identifying misleading information visualisations (Misinfovis). The workshop aims to validate and enhance the Classification of Misinfovis Situations (CMiS), a classification system for lay citizens to spot the formal characteristics of Misinfovis, which we call ‘Misinfovis Situations’. Conducted with participants of varying educational backgrounds, VisuaLies included activities to assess pre-existing knowledge, familiarise with Misinfovis concepts, classify Misinfovis examples and lead to an updated version of CMiS featuring fewer Situations with more accessible language. This study underscores the importance of involving lay people in recognising and describing Misinfovis with their own words to support the development of inclusive knowledge societies. Future iterations of VisuaLies aim to involve diverse audiences and refine feedback collection methods to further enhance the classification’s effectiveness.

Luca Parodi

This contribution examines the role of digital innovation in enhancing cultural heritage through the development of a digital Metadistrict in the historic center of Genoa, Italy. Building on a major urban renewal project led by the Department of Architecture and Design at the Università degli Studi di Genova in the late 20th century, this study explores how past transformations inform contemporary strategies for cultural and urban regeneration. The project, initiated under the guidance of architect Ignazio Gardella, revitalized part of the historic city center by promoting the reappropriation of public space and cultural employment. Today, leveraging smart technologies, the new initiative seeks to create a sustainable cultural district while preserving the area’s authenticity. This learning contributes to research on digital transitions in cultural heritage management, proposing an innovative model for integrating smart technologies into urban regeneration.

Michael A. Bekos, Giordano Da Lozzo, Fabrizio Frati et al.

A well-known result by Kant [Algorithmica, 1996] implies that n-vertex outerplane graphs admit embedding-preserving planar straight-line grid drawings where the internal faces are convex polygons in $O(n^2)$ area. In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute such drawings in $O(n^{1.5})$ area. We also consider outerplanar drawings in which the internal faces are required to be strictly-convex polygons. In this setting, we consider outerplanar graphs whose weak dual is a path and give a drawing algorithm that achieves $Θ(nk^2)$ area, where $k$ is the maximum size of an internal facial cycle.

Nasir U. Eisty, Jeffrey C. Carver, Johanna Cohoon et al.

In the evolving landscape of scientific and scholarly research, effective collaboration between Research Software Engineers (RSEs) and Software Engineering Researchers (SERs) is pivotal for advancing innovation and ensuring the integrity of computational methodologies. This paper presents ten strategic guidelines aimed at fostering productive partnerships between these two distinct yet complementary communities. The guidelines emphasize the importance of recognizing and respecting the cultural and operational differences between RSEs and SERs, proactively initiating and nurturing collaborations, and engaging within each other's professional environments. They advocate for identifying shared challenges, maintaining openness to emerging problems, ensuring mutual benefits, and serving as advocates for one another. Additionally, the guidelines highlight the necessity of vigilance in monitoring collaboration dynamics, securing institutional support, and defining clear, shared objectives. By adhering to these principles, RSEs and SERs can build synergistic relationships that enhance the quality and impact of research outcomes.

Oz Levy, Ilya Dikman, Natan Levy et al.

This paper explores how generative AI can help automate and improve key steps in systems engineering. It examines AI's ability to analyze system requirements based on INCOSE's "good requirement" criteria, identifying well-formed and poorly written requirements. The AI does not just classify requirements but also explains why some do not meet the standards. By comparing AI assessments with those of experienced engineers, the study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of AI in identifying quality issues. Additionally, it explores AI's ability to classify functional and non-functional requirements and generate test specifications based on these classifications. Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research aims to assess AI's potential to streamline engineering processes and improve learning outcomes. It also highlights the challenges and limitations of AI, ensuring its safe and ethical use in professional and academic settings.

A. Adediran, T. J. Erinle, J. Ajewole et al.

The paper investigates the paradigm shift in engineering through the lens of Computer-Aided Design (CAD), tracing its evolution from Ivan Sutherland's visionary insights to contemporary cloud-based infrastructures. Emphasizing CAD's pivotal role, it details advantages such as streamlined design, enhanced precision, collaborative work, and mistake elimination. Exploring CAD system components, it underscores the transition from 2D to 3D modeling, showcasing its transformative impact on visualization, analysis, and efficiency in modern engineering. This paper explores the transformative journey of CAD technology, from its inception with pioneers like Ivan Sutherland to contemporary applications in 3D modeling and simulation. It highlights CAD's role in revolutionizing engineering practices, overcoming challenges, and its evolution from manual drafting to digital drawing. The emergence of cloud-based solutions is examined, showcasing their impact on collaboration, innovation, and industry trends. The document further delves into the diverse meanings of CAD across disciplines, the significance of early decision-making, and the current trends in cloud-based CAD, including AI-powered tools and additive manufacturing. This comprehensive exploration of CAD's evolution and impact in mechanical design emphasizes the transformative influence of cloud-based tools. It discusses the benefits of cloud-based engineering, including real-time collaboration and enhanced data security. The integration of engineering tools with CAD software is highlighted, with a focus on the advantages it brings to design iteration and optimization. Challenges in cloud-based engineering are addressed, and case studies demonstrate successful adoption. The paper concludes by forecasting future trends, including parametric design, generative design, VR integration, and the integration of artificial intelligence in CAD for mechanical engineering.

Mahesh Deshpande, S. Kadam, S. Sawant

Abstract— Jigs and fixtures are essential tools for modern manufacturing and machining processes. They contribute to precision, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and safety in various industries, ultimately impacting the quality and competitiveness of products in the market. This course improves the visualization, imagination and drawing skill of the students which are helpful to them to draw their ideas clearly and rapidly, to read the drawing drawn by others and to create successful design. Manufacturing process course includes Jigs and fixture topic in this topic it is expected to imagine, visualize and develop the engineering drawing as per given requirements which includes orthographic projections in which imagining 3D objects are required to convert in 2D drawing. The students of second year mechanical engineering find this task difficult due to no prior basic knowledge, poor imagination and visualization skill. These skills are improved by experiential learning. Hence the attainment of the course learning outcome related to these topics is recorded low. To overcome this problem, a experiential learning approach implemented along with classroom teaching in order to enhance the, visualization, imagination and technical drawing skill of second year engineering students. In this article, the author has presented the efforts taken to improve the visualization, imagination and drawing skill through active engagement of students for learning in the classroom and outside of classroom. Due to systematic implementation of experiential learning, student’s engagement towards learning, attainment of the course outcomes (COs) and overall exam result of the course have been improved Keywords— Course Learning Outcome, Jigs and fixtures, Drawing, Experiential learning.

Letizia Bollini, Marco Borsotti

The paper focused on the transformational aspects of narrative and experience modalities in the field of exhibit design when intertwined with digital technologies. In particular, the convergence of blended realities provides a phygital experience, based on interaction with physicality and with digital environments, where these hybrid, interactive, and interconnected communication ecosystems offer opportunities for experimentation.

Li Guangzhou, Ratthai Porncharoen

Mortice-tenons are the main structural forms of ancient buildings, furniture, and woodwork in China. They are the inheritance of China's craft and cultural spirit, follow the principles of mechanics and have strong practicability. How-ever, mortice-tenons have gradually disappeared from modern life, mainly be-cause they cannot meet the specific needs of users. The purpose of this study is to establish a set of mortice-tenons structure innovation and product design for modern people. By analyzing the types and structural characteristics of mortice-tenon structure, based on the user's needs, using modern creative design methods, and combining with practice, we can verify how to further improve the market acceptance of mortice-tenon structure innovation prod-ucts, constantly explore the combination of modern technology and material experiments, and explore the emotional design of China traditional cultural creative products. Finally, it is proposed that further research is needed in this field to fully understand the user's behavior of using mortice-tenon structure innovation products, and at the same time, mortice-tenon structure innova-tion is applied to daily necessities and furniture products to meet the needs of a wider range of user scenarios.

André Conti Silva

It is an obvious commonplace to start a text by stating the power and impact of the culture products made in the US. As a screen producer and academic researcher growing up in Brazil, I got used to it and even accepted it as part of our “local” culture, somehow. But Brazil, like Italy or France, has always had the utmost pride in its audiovisual productions. The country’s communicational DNA is rooted in oral tradition, and it has welcomed the many broadcast innovations, from radio to the diverse formats of the ever-present open television, to the early manifestations of internet content.  Nevertheless, that passion for media paved the way for the arrival of other influences too, especially from Japan. I witnessed the mesmerizing impact created by the arrival of content from the Far East from the mid 80’s onwards. As a kid, the Tokusatsu series started airing after school on TV. Their merchandise flooded the shelves of all the stores in our country. As the decades passed, the franchises changed but met with the same success. In a similar, but not identical explosion, the last two decades made way for Korean music and films.  I never understood why European content was not positioned similarly  in my country, and that is a hard question to ask.  As our historical cultural beacon, I somehow expected that the classical art tradition could provide the impulse to introduce other modern influences. I wanted to believe that a strong, independent audiovisual and interactive media scene was about to flourish and bring a breath of fresh air to these cultural expressions. But over the years that feeling seemed increasingly far from reality: apart from some exceptional cases, I’ve searched in Finland, Czech Republic, UK and, finally, Italy, to discover that, in fact, it seems to be the other way around. While Europe continues to develop good initiatives to build a strong competitive digital “Entertainment and Media” ecosystem, experiences from unexpected places such as the Global South could refresh this context.

اکبر مستوری, داوود افهامی, اصغر طارمیان

در این تحقیق، عملکرد پوشش سیلیکونی پلی‌دی‌متیل‌سیلوکسان (PDMS) و اپوکسی بر بهبود خواص ضدمیکروبی در مقابل باکتری گرم منفی (Escherichia coli) و گرم مثبت (Staphylococcus aureus) و مقاومت به هوازدگی سطح چوب توس (Betula pendula) بررسی شد. دو نوع پوشش PDMS و اپوکسی با غلظت 15 درصد به ترتیب درون حلال هگزان و استن تهیه و به روش غوطه‌وری/ امواج فراصوت بر روی چوب اعمال شدند. هوازدگی تسریع شده با چرخ کهنگی گاردنر برای مدت 330 ساعت انجام شد و سپس اختلاف رنگ ((∆E، زبری، زاویه تماس و جذب آب روی نمونه‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. پوشش PDMS ضخامت فیلم بیشتر و اپوکسی جذب بیشتر پلیمر را نشان داد. هردو نوع پوشش با کارایی بالای 60 درصد، ویژگی‌های ضدباکتریایی خوبی را نشان دادند؛ ولی پوشش PDMS در مقایسه با اپوکسی، آ‌ب‌گریزی بالاتر، جذب آب و تغییرات زبری کمتری را طی دوره هوازدگی ارائه داد. در نهایت، پوشش‌دهی با PDMS و اپوکسی به ترتیب به میزان 77 و 42 درصد، تغییرات رنگ ناشی از هوازدگی چوب را کاهش دادند.

Iohanna Nicenboim, Elisa Giaccardi, Johan Redström

Every interaction with an AI-powered device invokes a vast planetary network. Operating on temporal and geographical scales that go beyond humans, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems pose various societal and environmental challenges. These challenges encompass issues such as the extraction of both human and nonhuman resources and knowledge, and the reproduction of inequalities. To tackle these concerns, scholars in Design and Human-Computer-Interaction emphasize the urgency for designers to cultivate non-anthropocentric approaches. In the pursuit of establishing a non-anthropocentric design practice for AI, this paper adopts a more-than-human orientation in the design of conversational agents (CAs). We start by presenting a series of design experiments, including workshops, videos and performances, that shed light on the anthropocentric biases ingrained in CA interactions. These experiments unveil how CAs are designed to recognize and address only specific human voices and concerns. Building upon these insights, we introduce two outcomes that chart an alternative path – the first involves a collection of interactive prototypes for CAs that are capable of listening and responding to more-than-human “voices” while the second entails a tool to support designers in noticing more-than-human entanglements, in the form of a podcast. We conclude by reflecting on how the knowledge gained from our design inquiry can illuminate future design practices and contribute to AI research as a whole.

Adrian Bajraktari, Michelle Binder, Andreas Vogelsang

Modern science is relying on software more than ever. The behavior and outcomes of this software shape the scientific and public discourse on important topics like climate change, economic growth, or the spread of infections. Most researchers creating software for scientific purposes are not trained in Software Engineering. As a consequence, research software is often developed ad hoc without following stringent processes. With this paper, we want to characterize research software as a new application domain that needs attention from the Requirements Engineering community. We conducted an exploratory study based on 8 interviews with 12 researchers who develop software. We describe how researchers elicit, document, and analyze requirements for research software and what processes they follow. From this, we derive specific challenges and describe a vision of Requirements Engineering for research software.

Anastasia V. Rudnitskaya, S. A. Sokolov, G. V. Fedotov

The article provides a comparison of two methods for designing mechanical engineering parts using 2D and 3D modeling according to the following criteria:•speed of creating models.•responsibilities for creating models.•project editing capabilities.•information content of the model.•methods of manufacturing parts.As examples, assignments from the course “Engineering and Computer Graphics” of the Department of Modeling and Design of Power Installations (MDPI) of the National Research University “MPEI” were used, which the authors, students of this article, completed on the nanoCAD system.The authors believe that the course program “Engineering and Computer Graphics” of the Department of MDPI National Researching University “MPEI” is effective and relevant; the use of 3D modeling without mastering 2D modeling is not the right method of specialist education, because the latter provides the necessary skills in engineering graphics of complex mechanical-engineering parts.

Andrian Riyadi, Aulia Majid

The Mechanical Engineering Education study program has students with various backgrounds, so the study program needs to identify why its students have various backgrounds, looking at the factors that influence them. The results of this identification are used as material for designing learning and marketing strategies to the community. The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence students in choosing a study program. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research using a questionnaire in the form of Google Form for data collection. The data processing procedures used include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The respondents involved were 60 students from the Mechanical Engineering Education study program, consisting of bachelor and master levels. The results of this research are that there are several factors that influence students in choosing a Mechanical Engineering Education study program, namely image, ambitions, job prospects, and interests. The interest factor influences the most, namely 18 students or around 30%, the image factor influences 13 students or around 21.6%, the ambitions factor influences 12 students or around 20%, and the job prospects factor influences 12 students or around 20%. A total of 5 students or around 8.3% chose a study program that was not according to their wishes or was forced to do so. All these factors positively influence students in choosing the Mechanical Engineering Education study program, because most students choose study programs because of their own wishes, while only a small percentage do not match their wishes.

Yahong Xue, H. Mu, Lijun Xue et al.

Engineering drawing is a compulsory technical foundation course for mechanical majors. Its main task is to cultivate students' ability to draw and read engineering drawings. The content of this course is complicated and abstract and not easy to understand, which makes it difficult for students to learn. Mind mapping is a visual thinking tool to systematize and organize abstract and complicated knowledge. Taking the application of mind mapping to various teaching processes of engineering drawing course, such as the construction of framework, the sorting out of fragmented knowledge, the solution of drawing geometry and sectional view, and the group project for important and difficult content as examples, we illustrate the importance of mind map in cultivating students' knowledge generalization ability, independent learning ability, enhancing students' logical thinking, creative thinking, divergent thinking, and stimulating students' interest in learning.

T. Marková, Andrey Bochkov, M. Kokorin et al.

One of the priorities for higher education and the country as a whole today is serious engineering education. Geometric and graphic disciplines are the first ones directly related to the specialty in the curricula of any technical field of training. The extent of this stage cannot be underestimated: they carry out the required program work, students study the rules and modern means of developing design documents, and receive basic knowledge to continue mastering specialized courses. However, simply knowing the standards or being able to work with computer-aided design tools to solve engineering problems is not enough. A design engineer is a creator, an inventor. This means that one of the main tasks of teachers is to form a systematic technical, design thinking based on developed spatial imagination, the ability to think comprehensively, logically and creatively, and manifested in the ability to take specific actions to solve emerging problems and tasks, make decisions to achieve a specific result in the form of a technical product, a finished design based on the selected technology. This article explores the possibilities of including design elements in educational tasks at the initial stage of training students of mechanical engineering specialties. A description of the course work carried out in the third semester as part of the engineering graphics course at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University is presented. According to the assignment, students develop design documentation for the product according to the diagram, description of the operating principle of the device and drawings of the main parts, make, if necessary, changes to the design to increase the manufacturability of parts and assembly and improve the technical and consumer properties of the product, and one of the parts, as directed teacher, is replaced by a welded assembly unit. The article sets the goals and objectives of the work, describes the stages of implementation and the role of the teacher, and also developed a training manual to ensure independent work of students. An assessment was made of the first experience of using the technique. Conclusions and recommendations are presented.