Hasil untuk "Islam"

S. Carter, J. Dales, M. Haines et al.

Younus Y. Mirza (Ph.D., Georgetown Univer­ sity) is a Visiting Researcher at Georgetown University and the Founding Director of Global Virtual Learning at Shenandoah University. His current research focuses on the relation­ ship between the Bible and the Qur’an and the shared stories between them. He is a co­author (with John Kaltner) of The Bible and the Qur’an: Biblical Figures in the Islamic Tradition (T&T Clark, 2018). He regularly teaches classes on the Qur’an, Biblical and Qur’anic Prophets, Marriage and Sexuality in Islam, and Islam and Other Religions.

Tunazzina Islam

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable of generating personalized, persuasive text at scale, raising new questions about bias and fairness in automated communication. This paper presents the first systematic analysis of how LLMs behave when tasked with demographic-conditioned targeted messaging. We introduce a controlled evaluation framework using three leading models -- GPT-4o, Llama-3.3, and Mistral-Large 2.1 -- across two generation settings: Standalone Generation, which isolates intrinsic demographic effects, and Context-Rich Generation, which incorporates thematic and regional context to emulate realistic targeting. We evaluate generated messages along three dimensions: lexical content, language style, and persuasive framing. We instantiate this framework on climate communication and find consistent age- and gender-based asymmetries across models: male- and youth-targeted messages emphasize agency, innovation, and assertiveness, while female- and senior-targeted messages stress warmth, care, and tradition. Contextual prompts systematically amplify these disparities, with persuasion scores significantly higher for messages tailored to younger or male audiences. Our findings demonstrate how demographic stereotypes can surface and intensify in LLM-generated targeted communication, underscoring the need for bias-aware generation pipelines and transparent auditing frameworks that explicitly account for demographic conditioning in socially sensitive applications.

Ajaharul Islam

We study bottomonium dynamics in a momentum-space anisotropic quark-gluon plasma (QGP) using the quantum trajectories (QTraj) framework. The real part of the heavy-quark potential is obtained from a minimal extension of the Karsch-Mehr-Satz (KMS) potential, while the angle-averaged imaginary part is derived to leading order in the anisotropy parameter $ξ$ and modeled to interpolate smoothly between the small- and large -$ξ$ regimes. The resulting anisotropic complex potential is used to solve the real-time Schrödinger equation using QTraj for the evolution of bottomonium in heavy-ion collisions. Nuclear modification factors $R_{AA}$, double ratios, and elliptic flow coefficients $v_2$ for the $Υ(1S)$, $Υ(2S)$, and $Υ(3S)$ states are computed, including feed-down contributions, in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 \, \text{TeV}$. The QTraj-Aniso predictions successfully reproduce the observed sequential suppression pattern and non-zero elliptic flow, showing good agreement with experimental measurements from the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS collaborations and demonstrating the relevance of path-length dependent suppression and medium anisotropy in quarkonium phenomenology.

Wasikul Islam

In high-energy particle physics, collider measurements are contaminated by "pileup", overlapping soft interactions that obscure the hard-scatter signal of interest. Dedicated subtraction strategies exploit physical priors such as conservation, locality, and isolation. Inspired by this analogy, we investigate how such principles can inform image denoising by embedding physics-guided inductive biases into neural architectures. This paper is a proof of concept: rather than targeting state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmarks, we ask whether physics-inspired priors improve robustness under strong corruption. We introduce a hierarchy of PU-inspired denoisers: a residual CNN with conservation constraints, its Gaussian-noise variants, and the Weighted Inductive Pileup-physics-inspired U-Network for Denoising (WIPUNet), which integrates these ideas into a UNet backbone. On CIFAR-10 with Gaussian noise at $σ\in\{15,25,50,75,100\}$, PU-inspired CNNs are competitive with standard baselines, while WIPUNet shows a \emph{widening margin} at higher noise. Complementary BSD500 experiments show the same trend, suggesting physics-inspired priors provide stability where purely data-driven models degrade. Our contributions are: (i) translating pileup-mitigation principles into modular inductive biases; (ii) integrating them into UNet; and (iii) demonstrating robustness gains at high noise without relying on heavy SOTA machinery.

Gopi Chand Ananthu, Riadul Islam

This project focuses on the design and implementation of an AHB to APB Bridge for efficient communication in System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures. The Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) is used for high-speed operations, typically connecting processors and memory, while the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) is optimized for low-power, low-speed peripheral devices. The AHB to APB Bridge serves as an interface that converts complex, high-speed AHB transactions into simpler, single-cycle APB transactions, enabling seamless data transfer between fast components and slower peripherals. The bridge manages clock domain synchronization, transaction conversion, and flow control, ensuring compatibility between AHB's burst transfers and APB's non-pipelined protocol. Implemented in Verilog and simulated on FPGA using Xilinx Vivado, this bridge design provides a robust solution for integrating high-performance and low-power components within a single SoC. This project also evaluates the bridge's functionality and performance through testbenches covering various operational scenarios, validating its efficiency in handling diverse system requirements.

Fahadul Islam, Sunil Dhar

A theoretical study was conducted on the impact of electron and positron impact ionization of excited hydrogen atoms that were in the 3s state; this study was conducted within the First-Born Approximation (FBA), which provides an analytical expression for the transition matrix in terms of the Bethe-Lewis Integral Formalism. This formalism utilized both Coulomb continuum and confluent hypergeometric functions to describe the scattering states involved. Single Differential Cross Sections (SDCS) were calculated for incident energies of 100, 150, 200, and 250 eV. The data obtained indicated a peak in the ionization rates approximately at 200 eV, with the ionization rate decreasing as the incident energy increased further. The diffuse radial nature of the 3s wave function is shown to increase the sensitivity of the ionization dynamics to the incident particle energy. Asymmetries in charge were also detected; specifically, at low energy of the ejected electron, the SDCS values for positrons were greater than the corresponding values for electrons; however, as the energy of the incident particles was increased, these differences disappeared, thereby demonstrating the applicability of the FBA at high energy limits. The residual differences at low energy were due to the omission of exchange and post-collision interactions from the model. The results of this work can be used as benchmarking for the development of more complex distorted wave and multi-scattering theories in excited state ionization processes.

Tousif Islam

Utilizing publicly available non-spinning eccentric binary black hole (BBH) merger simulations (\href{https://data.black-holes.org/waveforms/catalog.html}{https://data.black-holes.org/waveforms/catalog.html}) from the SXS collaboration~\cite{Hinder:2017sxy}, we present convincing evidence that the waveform phenomenology in eccentric BBH mergers is significantly simpler than previously thought. We find that the eccentric modulations in the amplitudes, phases, and frequencies in different spherical harmonic modes are all related and can be modeled using a single time series modulation. Using this universal eccentric modulation, we provide a model named \texttt{gwNRHME} to seamlessly convert a multi-modal (i.e with several spherical harmonic modes) quasi-circular waveform into multi-modal eccentric waveform if the quadrupolar eccentric waveform is known. This reduces the modelling complexity of eccentric BBH mergers drastically as we now have to model only a single eccentric modulation time-series instead of modelling the effect of eccentricity in all modes. When compared with the NR simulations, our model mismatches are mostly $\sim 10^{-3}$ and are comparable to the numerical errors in the NR simulations. Our method is modular and can be readily added to any quadrupolar non-spinning eccentric waveform model. We make our model publicly available through the \texttt{gwModels} (\href{https://github.com/tousifislam/gwModels}{https://github.com/tousifislam/gwModels}) waveform package.

Nazmul Islam, Seokjoo Shin

Deep learning (DL) has revolutionized wireless communication systems by introducing datadriven end-to-end (E2E) learning, where the physical layer (PHY) is transformed into DL architectures to achieve peak optimization. Leveraging DL for E2E optimization in PHY significantly enhances its adaptability and performance in complex wireless environments, meeting the demands of advanced network systems such as 5G and beyond. Furthermore, this evolution of data-driven PHY optimization has also enabled advanced semantic applications across various modalities, including text, image, audio, video, and multimodal transmissions. These applications elevate communication from bit-level to semantic-level intelligence, making it capable of discerning context and intent. Although the PHY, as a DL architecture, plays a crucial role in enabling semantic communication (SemCom) systems, comprehensive studies that integrate both E2E communication and SemCom systems remain significantly underexplored. This highlights the novelty and potential of these integrative fields, marking them as a promising research domain. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the emerging field of data-driven PHY for E2E communication systems, emphasizing their role in enabling semantic applications across various modalities. It also identifies key challenges and potential research directions, serving as a crucial guide for future advancements in DL for E2E communication and SemCom systems.

Afreen Islam, Guido Herrmann, Joaquin Carrasco

In this paper, the solvability of the Inverse Optimal Control (IOC) problem based on two existing minimum principal methods, is analysed. The aim of this work is to answer the question regarding what kinds of trajectories, that is depending on the initial conditions of the closed-loop system and system dynamics, of the original optimal control problem, will result in the recovery of the true weights of the reward function for both the soft and the hard-constrained methods [1], [2]. Analytical conditions are provided which allow to verify if a trajectory is sufficiently conditioned, that is, holds sufficient information to recover the true weights of an optimal control problem. It was found that the open-loop system of the original optimal problem has a stronger influence on the solvability of the Inverse Optimal Control problem for the hard-constrained method as compared to the soft-constrained method. These analytical results were validated via simulation.

Isna Rahmawati

ABSTRAK Tanah longsor menjadi salah satu bencana alam yang sering melanda wilayah pegunungan. Kecamatan Wanayasa menghadapi risiko bencana tanah longsor yang tinggi selama musim hujan. Kehilangan nyawa dan kerigian ekonomi akibat terjadinya tanah longsor menjadi ancaman langsung bagi kehidupan masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat ketahanan masyarakat pada desa rawan longsor di Kecamatan Wanayasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif yang didukung dengan analisis skoring. Tingkat ketahanan masyarakat terhadap tanah longsor diukur menggunakan variabel sosial, ekonomi, fisik dan kapasitas masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Dawuhan memiliki tingkat ketahanan masyarakat yang tinggi (2,34), sedangkan Desa Bantar (2,18) dan Desa Susukan (1,94) memiliki tingkat ketahanan masyarakat sedang. Kapasitas masyarakat menjadi variabel dengan skor tertinggi, sedangkan variabel ekonomi memiliki skor terendah. Upaya peningkatan ketahanan masyarakat dapat diawali dengan meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat. Ekonomi yang kuat memungkinkan masyarakat untuk berkembang dan meningkatkan ketahanannya pada aspek-aspek lain.

Nina Gera

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Ana Putri Mardiyati, Muhammad Izdad Al Hasyir, Silvia Khusnul Khotimah et al.

Mathematics and culture are two things that are closely related to people's lives. Ethnomathematics can be an approach to learning mathematics to make it easier for students to understand mathematical concepts. Historical buildings can be objects for observing mathematical concepts. Al-Alam Mosque is one of the historic buildings in Jakarta which was built in 1520 AD. The Al-Alam Mosque was built by Sultan Fatahillah with the aim of spreading Islam as well as being a witness to the Portuguese liberation event from Sunda Kelapa. This research uses qualitative methods with an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The ethnomathematics exploration of the Al-Alam Mosque that was studied was the geometric concept of the mosque building. In mosque buildings, mathematical concepts are found, which include flat shapes, spatial shapes, angular shapes and symmetrical shapes. This is an alternative solution to increase students' interest in studying mathematics by linking history and culture in everyday life

Rizky Bangun Wibisono

This paper aims to examine the complex interplay between migration, human rights, and security, focusing on the recent trends in state responses to refugee protection and the implications for international human rights standards. A qualitative analysis of current literature, policy documents, and case studies was conducted to assess the evolving political dynamics surrounding migration. The study also evaluates the roles of international organizations, such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in shaping refugee protection norms. Results: The findings reveal a significant rollback in state commitments to refugee protection, driven by rising nationalism and security concerns. This regression has resulted in the implementation of restrictive migration policies that prioritize national interests over humanitarian obligations, leading to increased vulnerability for displaced populations. The analysis highlights the critical role of NGOs and international bodies in advocating for refugee rights, despite facing challenges from state-centric approaches and power imbalances. Conclusions: The paper concludes that addressing the challenges at the intersection of migration, human rights, and security requires a concerted effort among states, civil society, and international organizations. By fostering collaboration and recognizing the human rights implications of migration, it is possible to develop more inclusive and compassionate policies that uphold the dignity and well-being of refugees and asylum seekers in a rapidly changing global context. give a great title for this article

Mijanur Islam, Saurabh Basu

We conduct a thorough study of the persistent currents in a spin-orbit coupled $α-T_3$ pseudospin-1 fermionic quantum ring (QR) that smoothly interpolates between graphene ($α = 0$, pseudospin-1/2) and a dice lattice ($α = 1$, pseudospin-1). In particular, we have considered both intrinsic spin-orbit coupling (ISOC) and Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) in addition to an external magnetic field, and have systematically enumerated their individual and combined effects on the charge, valley and the spin-polarized persistent currents. The energy levels of the system comprise of the conduction bands, valence bands, and flat bands which show non-monotonic dependencies on the ring radius, R of the QR, in the sense that, for small R, the energy levels vary as 1/R, while the variation is linear in R for large R. The cases corresponding to zero magnetic fields are benchmarked with those for finite external fields. Further, it is noted that the flat bands demonstrate dispersive behavior, and hence can contribute to the transport properties only when ISOC is non-zero. Moreover, the RSOC yields spin-split bands, thereby contributing to the spin-resolved currents, together with distinct degeneracies for different spin branches. The persistent currents in the charge, valley, and spin sectors for each of these cases oscillate as a function of the magnetic field with a period equal to the flux quantum, as they should be, and depend upon the spin-orbit coupling terms. Further, we have explored the role played by the parameter $α$ in our entire analysis to ascertain the effect of the flat bands.

Moh. Faizin, Maslihan Maslihan, Afi Rizqiyah

The era of digitalization has a real and broad effect from various walks of life, one of which demands in governance and the education system is clear evidence that this era is a new challenge in the world of education. Education is expected to be able to produce full quality human seed products, which are called 21st century competencies. 21st century competence is the main ability that must be pocketed by students in order to collaborate in real life in the 21st century. In the 21st century, the challenge is given to be able to create education that can participate in producing thinkers who are qualified in the development of economic and social order and are aware of how to become a decent citizen of the world in the 21st century. This study aims to describe 21st century students and look for relationships or relevance to Al Ghazali's thoughts regarding students in the book of Ayyuhal-Walad. The research method applied is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study indicate that Imam al-Ghazali's thoughts in his book, have relevance to the perspectives of 21st century students related to character education until now the main focus in education. and the 21st century teaches them to judge the good and the bad of all things. In accordance with the thoughts of Imam Al Ghazali in his book Ayyuhal-Walad which contains advice and suggestions to do good things and consider bad things.

Nur Fadlina binti Ibrahim, Juwaini Juwaini, Furqan Furqan et al.

Haji Ahmad Laksamana, a controversial figure known through his work “Hakikat Insan”, is often considered deviant from traditional Islamic teachings, particularly regarding the use of Sharia and Tariqa as well as interpretations of the Quran. This article aims to describe the thoughts and Quranic interpretation methodology of Haji Ahmad Laksamana. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature analysis approach. The primary source is the text “Hakikat Insan,” supplemented by various secondary sources, including journals and relevant books. The study finds that Haji Ahmad Laksamana's teachings emphasize the recognition of the essence of knowledge to achieve the level of Insan Kamil Mukamil. His thoughts, reflected in discussions about the relationship between humans and Allah, the dignity of the soul, the essence of the testimony of faith, as well as concepts of Islam, faith, monotheism, and gnosis, demonstrate a unique approach. However, his interpretation method, such as translating Quranic verses into symbols, has sparked controversy and is considered deviant from traditional Islamic understanding. Haji Ahmad Laksamana's controversial ideas are viewed as contradictory to Islamic teachings, diminishing the honor of the Quran and Hadith. Abstrak Haji Ahmad Laksamana, seorang figur kontroversial yang dikenal melalui karyanya “Hakikat Insan”  sering kali dianggap menyimpang dari ajaran Islam tradisional, terutama dalam hal penggunaan syariat dan tarekat serta penafsiran Al-Quran. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang pemikiran, dan metodologi penafsiran Al-Quran Haji Ahmad Laksamana.  Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis kepustakaan. Sumber utama adalah teks “Hakikat Insan” serta berbagai sumber sekunder termasuk jurnal dan buku yang relevan. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa ajaran Haji Ahmad Laksamana menitikberatkan pada pengenalan ilmu hakikat untuk mencapai tingkat Insan Kamil Mukamil. Pemikirannya yang tertuang dalam pembahasan mengenai hubungan manusia dengan Allah, martabat nafsu, hakikat syahadat, serta konsep Islam, iman, tauhid, dan makrifat, menunjukkan pendekatan yang unik. Namun, metode interpretasinya, seperti penerjemahan ayat Al-Quran ke dalam simbol, telah menimbulkan kontroversi dan dianggap menyimpang dari pemahaman Islam tradisional. Pemikiran Haji Ahmad Laksamana yang kontroversial dianggap bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam dan mengurangi kehormatan Al-Quran dan hadis.

Ilham habibi Sormin, Muhammad Dalimunthe , Syahrul Abidin

The development of the film world is very diverse and produces films with various styles. Broadly speaking, films can be grouped by story, making orientation, and by genre. This study aims to determine the representation of feminism contained in the science fiction film entitled Level 16. This study uses a qualitative method with the semiotic analysis technique of Ferdinand De Saussure's model which examines the signs in life. Through this method, several scenes are selected in the level 16 film, then these scenes are revealed into denotative and connotative meanings and then interpreted in signifier and signified. In this study, the researcher found ten scenes that presented feminism in level 16 films.

C. Geertz

Tariq Islam, Cheolhyeon Kwon

Device to Device (D2D) communication takes advantage of the proximity between the communicating devices in order to achieve efficient resource utilization, improved throughput and energy efficiency, simultaneous serviceability and reduced latency. One of the main characteristics of D2D communication is reuse of the frequency resource in order to improve spectral efficiency of the system. Nevertheless, frequency reuse introduces significantly high interference levels thus necessitating efficient resource allocation algorithms that can enable simultaneous communication sessions through effective channel and/or power allocation. This survey paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the state-of-the-art resource allocation algorithms in D2D communication underlaying cellular networks. The surveyed algorithms are evaluated based on heterogeneous parameters which constitute the elementary features of a resource allocation algorithm in D2D paradigm. Additionally, in order to familiarize the readers with the basic design of the surveyed resource allocation algorithms, brief description of the mode of operation of each algorithm is presented. The surveyed algorithms are divided into four categories based on their technical doctrine i.e., conventional optimization based, Non-Orthogonal-Multiple-Access (NOMA) based, game theory based and machine learning based techniques. Towards the end, several open challenges are remarked as the future research directions in resource allocation for D2D communication.

Mobarakol Islam, Ben Glocker

Deep convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable performance on various computer vision tasks, and yet, they are susceptible to picking up spurious correlations from the training signal. So called `shortcuts' can occur during learning, for example, when there are specific frequencies present in the image data that correlate with the output predictions. Both high and low frequencies can be characteristic of the underlying noise distribution caused by the image acquisition rather than in relation to the task-relevant information about the image content. Models that learn features related to this characteristic noise will not generalize well to new data. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective training strategy, Frequency Dropout, to prevent convolutional neural networks from learning frequency-specific imaging features. We employ randomized filtering of feature maps during training which acts as a feature-level regularization. In this study, we consider common image processing filters such as Gaussian smoothing, Laplacian of Gaussian, and Gabor filtering. Our training strategy is model-agnostic and can be used for any computer vision task. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Frequency Dropout on a range of popular architectures and multiple tasks including image classification, domain adaptation, and semantic segmentation using both computer vision and medical imaging datasets. Our results suggest that the proposed approach does not only improve predictive accuracy but also improves robustness against domain shift.