Hasil untuk "Paints, pigments, varnishes, etc."

بهاره ربیعی

مکسن‌ها، دسته‌ای از کاربیدها، نیتریدها و کربونیتریدهای فلزات واسطه هستند که به عنوان مواد دو‌‎بعدی امیدوارکننده برای کاربردهای زیست محیطی ظاهر شده‌اند. گروه‌های عاملی بین لایه‌ای، گروه‌های عاملی سطحی و انعطاف‌پذیری فاصله لایه‌ها ، آنها را به مواد ایده‌آلی تبدیل می‌کند که طیف متنوعی از خواص، از جمله هدایت الکتریکی بالا، استحکام مکانیکی خوب و آب دوستی را نشان می‌دهند. این ویژگی‌ها، مکسن‌ها رابه نامزدهای امیدوارکننده‌ای برای کاربردهای مختلف از جمله پاک‌سازی محیط زیست تبدیل کرده‌است. ساختار این نانومواد دوبعدی و کانال‌های انتقال الکترون پرسرعت، سبب فعالیت اکسایش کاتالیزی بر روی سطح آب‌دوست با انرژی آزاد گیبس مناسب می‌شود و گروههای عملکردی سطحی برهم‌کنش‌های جذبی را میسر می‌سازد . این مقاله به بررسی روش‌های سنتز و ارزیابی ساختاری مکسن‌ها می‌پردازد و خواص فوتوکاتالیزی آنها را در تخریب رنگزاها و داروها ارزیابی می‌کند. مکسن‌ و کامپوزیت‌های آن نور را جذب می‌کنند تا گونه‌های فعال مانند رادیکال هیدروکسیل برای تخریب موثر آلاینده‌هایی چون رنگزا‌ها، داروها و سایر ترکیبات آلی تولید نمایند. علیرغم چالش‌هایی مانند ناپایداری اکسایشی و بازترکیب الکترون-حفره، کامپوزیت‌های مبتنی بر مکسن عملکرد برتری را در سیستم‌های بهینه حذف آلاینده‌ نشان می‌دهند. این کار پتانسیل مکسن‌ها را در تصفیه پساب رنگی برجسته می‌کند و بر نقش آنها به عنوان فوتوکاتالیست‌های نسل بعدی تاکید می‌نماید.

S.V. Kaduk, Andriy Tanasiychuk

The article is devoted to highlighting a current issue in forensic science regarding the stages of creation, classification, and systematization of natural collections.The correct formation and effective use of various types of natural collections is one of he forms of maintaining reference and auxiliary records. The collections of these objects do not contain a causal link to the crime event, and the registration features are identified externally or through specialized examinations.A natural collection is a systematic collection of homogeneous or related objects (objects, substances, materials) connected by common investigative or expert tasks, the formation of which is carried out in law enforcement agencies as reference and auxiliary material for solving crime investigation tasks, and also in scientific research, educational and methodological work.These objects include, for example: firearms, ammunition, edged weapons; narcotic substances and potent pharmaceutical drugs; paints and varnishes; typical instruments of crime and traces of their use.The set of common features inherent in the objects listed above may eventually be necessary during the investigation of certain crimes, as they make it possible to establish the group affiliation of certain traces, tools, objects, etc., to determine diagnostic tasks for them and to establish important circumstances of their commission, etc.The use of natural collections in criminal investigations is still quite low. The insufficient organization and systematization of forensic reference collections complicates their effective application. This is largely due to the lack of a unified, scientifically grounded, and organizationally supported system for the use and acquisition of natural collections.

R. Y. Kazieva, Narmina R. Abdullayeva, Leylufer I. Aliyeva

Oil and gas equipment is operated in very difficult conditions. The reliability and durability of equipment depends on the technical and economic characteristics of structural materials. They are subject to very strict conditions. High demands are placed on the corrosion resistance of structural materials. The service life of metal structures in aggressive and hazardous environments is relatively short due to irreversible corrosion processes of metal equipment. Without the use of special chemical reagents, long-term operation of equipment in the oil and gas industries is impossible. The rapid development of these industries indicates a high demand for these reagents. General methods of combating the physical and chemical destruction of metals include the use of corrosion-resistant metals such as chromium and zinc as protective coatings, alloying of metals, the use of paints and varnishes, as well as special corrosion-resistant products when creating equipment, electrochemical protection, etc. A common method of protection is the use of inhibitors. They provide a reduction in the rate of corrosion process in metals in contact with various aggressive environments. To date, a fairly large number of organic and inorganic substances have been studied that influence the rate of the corrosion process in metals. Organic inhibitors are widely used because they are capable of forming stable protective films on the surface of metals. Highly effective inhibitors of organic origin mainly include substances containing heteroatoms. In this article, based on modern literature data from research by various authors, the task is to identify the most appropriate methods of combating corrosion. The principles of corrosion protection are considered, which made it possible to develop basic provisions for the organization and technology of using heteroorganic inhibitors, taking into account the aggressive effects of corrosive components.

Shweta Goswami, Deepak Kumar, Shikha Kadyan et al.

Oil is odorless compound of herbs and spices and has been used for centuries to flavor and preserve foods, medicines and perfumes. There are many aromatic plant species in the Lamiaceae and Apiaceae plant families. Edible oils are produced in Haryana and is used for its beneficial effects on human health. The most common crops include peanuts, mustard, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, soyabeans, wheat (rice bran), sunfflower, cotton, flaxseeds, etc. Takes place. Essential oils have many health benefits. The oil contains antioxidants. Vitamin E, plant sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which can lower cholestrol and prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Fatty oils are divided into three types: drying and semi-drying oil, non-drying oil, and vegetable oil. The refined grades of drying and semi-drying oils are used to make edible oils, while the poorer grades are used to make soaps, varnishes, paints, candles, and other similar products. Oils contain a variety of bioactive chemicals (e.g., terpenoids), which have most biological effects and qualities in addition to their scent and flavor. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, insecticide, anthelminthic, acaricidal, larvicidal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiseptic, and local anaesthetic are just few of them.Oil compounds, such as geraniol, have recently demonstrated potential anticancer actions in cancer cells, triggering growth inhibition and death.

Diana Capela, Tomás Lopes, Miguel F. S. Ferreira et al.

Circular economy policies and recycling play a pivotal role in fostering sustainable models for the wood industry capable of reducing the environmental impact of our consumption patterns. The production of Particleboard is a good example of industry that uses high quantities of recycled wood. However, it poses risks since wood often have contaminants that compromise compliance of safety standards. Thus, it is necessary to develop methodologies for rapid analysis of chemical contaminants in wood wastes that allow easy detection of these elements. In this work, the capability of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to detect a set of heavy metals in wood samples was explored. Some advantages of this technique, such as portability, minimal to no sample preparation, and quick analysis are characteristics that make this method one of the most suitable for this purpose of analysis. In the majority of cases, the contamination comes from the pigments used in paints, varnishes, or coatings. Titanium (Ti) e.g. is a common element in white pigments and Chromium (Cr) in red and green pigments. To ensure the presence or absence of Cr and Ti, a set of 3 lines was analysed. The results revealed the presence of these elements and that 30% of the samples seem to be highly contaminated. The LIBS technique proved to be a powerful methodogy for decision-making purposes.

مسعود علیرضایی, حسین سماواتیان, فروغ مهیار

هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تأثیر روانشناختی طراحی احساس‌گرای نشانه‌های رنگی در بسته‌بندی بر ترجیحات مصرف‌کنندگان‌ و عوامل موثر بر آن در دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های شهر اصفهان بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش نشان دادند که اثر مؤلفه‌های رنگی فضا رنگ CIELAB (L*، a* و b*) بر ترجیحات مصرف‌کنندگان که با پرسش‌نامه 25 احساس (در رابطه با انتخاب رنگ کالا) سنجیده شد، معنادار است (05/0p ≤). همچنین، اثر متغیرهای پرسش‌نامه‌های پژوهش در مورد احساسات و هیجانات مثبت برآمده از تعامل با کالا، متغیرهای تعریف شده S (میانگین احساسات و هیجانات مثبت افراد در تعامل با رنگ) و P (میانگین احساسات و هیجانات مثبت در تعامل با یک کالای کلی) بر میزان نمره ترجیحات افراد (میانگین عوامل اثرگذار بر ترجیحات مصرف‌کنندگان‌) معنادار است (05/0p ≤). بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر، طراحی احساس‌گرای نشانه‌های رنگی بسته‌بندی بر روی ترجیحات مصرف‌کنندگان و عوامل موثر بر آن تأثیر دارد.

I. Shaikhiev, S. Sverguzova, R. R. Gafarov et al.

The results of studies of the physic-chemical and sorption properties of bleaching clay waste, the prospects for its use for the purification of polluted waters, as well as the possibility of subsequent disposal of used materials are presented. Using the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, it was found that the studied bleaching clay waste has a specific surface area of 185.53 m2/g and has a mesoporous structure. The sorption properties of clay waste were studied and it was found that at a dosage of 1.5 g/dm3, the purification efficiency of the standard solutions containing Cu2+ ions with a concentration of 10 mg/dm3 is 96.7 %. It has been found that the maximum sorption capacity, determined under static conditions for clay fired at a temperature of 350 °C, is 0.41 mmol/g. The use of bleaching clay as filler pigments in the manufacture of paints and varnishes has been proposed and demonstrated.

Pramod Kumar, Yash Gautam, R. K. Rai et al.

Bundelkhand is a region of central India lying in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. It is one of the least socio-economically developed regions of the country mainly due to regular incidence of drought and erratic rainfall. Mustard is one of the most important oilseed crop of rabi season for Bundelkhand region on the basis of area under the crop. With the limited resources, there has been a noticeable change in the area, production and productivity of mustard. Apart from edible oil, it also has industrial use in producing items like varnishes, soaps, paints, hydrogenated oil, perfumery, lubricants, etc. The study is an attempt to examine the pattern of growth, instability, cost and return of production of mustard crops at state (Uttar Pradesh) and regional (Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh) level. Study is based on secondary data obtained from various published sources. Compound Annual Growth Rate, coefficient of variation, Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices (CACP) cost concept and returns were used as analytical tools to assess the financial suitability and performance of the crop in both the Uttar Pradesh and Bundelkhand region. It was observed that the growth in area (2.94%) and production (4.36%) of mustard crop in Bundelkhand region was increasing at a higher rate as that of Uttar Pradesh. Higher net return was earned by the farmer growing mustard in Uttar Pradesh than the farmer of Bundelkhand region.

T. Devasena, B. Iffath, R. Renjith kumar et al.

The manufacturing rate of nanoparticles (10–100 nm) is steadily increasing due to their extensive applications in the fabrication of nanoproducts related to pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medical devices, paints and pigments, energy storage etc. An increase in research related to nanotechnology is also a cause for the production and disposal of nanomaterials at the lab scale. As a result, contamination of environmental matrices with nanoparticles becomes inevitable, and the understanding of the risk of nanoecotoxicology is getting larger attention. In this context, focusing on the environmental hazards is essential. Hence, this manuscript aims to review the toxic effects of nanoparticles on soil, water, aquatic, and terrestrial organisms. The effects of toxicity on vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants and the source of exposure, environmental and biological dynamics, and the adverse effects of some nanoparticles are discussed.

A. Dyuryagina, A. Lutsenko, K. Ostrovnoy et al.

This article presents the results of studying the disaggregation of titanium dioxide in water-dispersion compositions based on an acrylic film-forming agent under the action of a surfactant. The possibility of using polyether siloxane copolymer (PC) and sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) in paint and varnish compositions as modifying additives of the dispersing effect is proved. The correlation between the dispersing effect of surfactants and the amount of their adsorption on the pigment is proved. NaPA, which provides a greater reduction in adsorption strength, demonstrates a greater dispersing effect than PC. It was found that the larger the size of the aggregates of pigment particles, the greater the disjoining pressure created by the surfactant. An equation is derived that generalizes the cumulative contribution of surfactant concentration and the content of the film-forming agent in suspensions to the average particle diameter of pigment. The introduction of NaPA in the amount of 0.25 g/dm3 into the paint allows the rate of acid corrosion to be reduced by 2 times, the number of pores in the coating to be decreased, and the adhesion of the coating to be significantly increased (by 2 points according to ISO 11845: 2020).

J. Rovira, N. Roig, M. Nadal et al.

ABSTRACT Formaldehyde is a carcinogenic substance for humans. Exposure to formaldehyde may also cause eye and respiratory tract irritation, as well as skin sensitization. The main indoor sources of formaldehyde are wood-pressed products, insulation materials, paints, varnishes, household cleaning products and cigarettes, among others. Although this chemical is a well-known indoor pollutant, data on indoor concentrations of formaldehyde are still scarce in some countries. In February 2014, 10 homes in Catalonia, Spain, were randomly selected to collect indoor (bedroom and living room) and outdoor air samples. Ten additional samples were also collected at different workplaces (e.g., offices, shops, classrooms, etc.). Formaldehyde air levels found in homes ranged from 10.7 to 47.7 μg m−3, from 9.65 to 37.2 μg m−3, and from 0.96 to 3.37 μg m−3 in bedrooms, living rooms, and outdoors, respectively. Meanwhile, at workplaces, indoor air levels ranged from 5.86 to 40.4 μg m−3. These levels are in agreement with data found in the scientific literature. Non-carcinogenic risks were above the threshold limit (HQ > 1), and carcinogenic risks were not acceptable either (>10−4). Despite the current study limitations, the results confirm that formaldehyde indoor levels are a matter of health concern, which must be taken into account by policymakers and regulatory bodies.

Anjie Zhang, B. Mu, Zhihe Luo et al.

V. Sokolova, V. Markov, A. Rzhavtsev

The work is devoted to the study of the formation of protective and decorative coatings environmentally safe combined paint compositions. The considered work covers a range of issues related to colloidal-chemical modification of organo-soluble and water-dispersion lacquer compositions, development of their rational formulations and finishing modes, study of physical, mechanical and operational properties of protective coatings and ends with the calculation of the possible economic efficiency of the research results. In work environmentally safe water-dispersive paint and varnish compositions for transparent and opaque finishing by method of colloidal-chemical modification are developed. Optimal conditions for obtaining combined water-dispersion lacquer compositions of pigmented and non-pigmented and finishing modes are established. Modification of paint compositions with metal pigments allows to obtain a glazing coating, which significantly expands the color gamut of protective and decorative coatings.

Jaspal Singh, Malvika Chawla, R. Kaushik

Emulsion paints were formulated using acrylic polymer emulsion in the presence of Ammonium persulfate, tert. Dodecyl mercaptan, Potassium persulfate, anionic Dioctyl sulfosuccinate as surfactant and aerosol. The emulsion polymerization of acrylics with NaCN cellulose as protective colloid was used as binders for gloss paints of special rheological behavior. The work has shown that there was a good compatibility between the pigment and the binder during the paint formulation, which accounts for the deep colour and good opacity for paints formulated. The formulated paints were characterized for physico-chemical properties such as viscosity, hot box stability, gloss, gloss retention, opacity, scrub resistance, colour, adhesion etc., which yielded positive results, and revealed that the paints could be used as both indoor and outdoor coatings.