Hasil untuk "Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases"

Molalign Aligaz Adisu, Bogale Molla, Abraham Dessie Gessesse et al.

ABSTRACT Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is a critical intervention during the first 1000 days of life, yet in Ethiopia, caregiving roles remain heavily gendered, often excluding fathers. This systematic review and meta‐analysis quantified the extent of paternal engagement in IYCF across Ethiopia and identified key associated factors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of major databases and gray literatures identified 11 cross‐sectional studies involving 6030 fathers. Using a random‐effects model, the pooled prevalence of paternal engagement was 41% (95% CI: 25%–57%). Significant predictors of increased engagement included having an education above secondary level (AOR 4.27), smaller family size (AOR 4.03), first‐born child (AOR 3.36), and positive perceptions toward IYCF (AOR 2.68). Other factors included positive cultural beliefs (AOR 2.35), good IYCF knowledge (AOR 2.21), and the child being male (AOR 2.09). This study calls for shifting Ethiopia's nutrition strategies from mother‐centric to family‐centric models by implementing father‐inclusive, culturally sensitive programs. Training health extension workers to challenge gender norms through counseling and community dialog will address socio‐cultural barriers, promote shared caregiving, and improve child feeding outcomes.

Travis C Eden, Tyler J Godsey, Abby Maupin et al.

Renyue Ji, Haisheng Wu, Hongli Lin et al.

Abstract Background Epidemiological research on the association between heavy metals and congestive heart failure (CHF) in individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism is scarce. The study addresses this research gap by examining the link between exposure to heavy metals and the odds of CHF in a population with dysregulated glucose metabolism. Method This cross-sectional study includes 7326 patients with diabetes and prediabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. The exposure variables are five environmental heavy metals—cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn)—and the endpoint is CHF, determined via face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS), and Bayesian kernel machine learning (BKMR) models were employed to investigate the association between exposure to mixtures of five heavy metals and the odds of having CHF in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes. Result Multivariate logistic regression analysis Shows that only blood Cd exhibited a significant linear positive correlation with CHF odds (OR: 1.26, 95%CI 1.07–1.47, p = 0.005), there was a significant 14% decrease in the odds rate of CHF for each additional standard deviation of log10 Se (OR: 0.86,95%CI 0.76–0.96, P = 0.009). The WQS index for the metal mixture only marginally increased the odds of CHF by 1% (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02, P = 0.032). BKMR analysis demonstrated a positive association between Cd levels and the odds of CHF, an inverse relationship with Se levels in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. However, no significant association was observed between the metal mixture and CHF. Conclusion This cross-sectional study demonstrates that increased Cd levels are associated with a higher odds of CHF in patients with diabetes and pre-diabetes, whereas elevated blood Se levels significantly mitigate this odds.

Mengying Hu, Fei Jiang

Abstract Background In recent years, the intricate interplay between physical health and mental well-being has garnered significant attention, specifically highlighting the potential influence of adipose tissue distribution, notably visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the abdomen, on psychological states. VAT is implicated in systemic inflammation and metabolic disruptions, which are hypothesized to contribute to the onset and progression of mental health disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods To investigate the relationship between VAT and MDD, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) covering 2011 to 2014. We employed multivariate logistic regression analysis to ensure the robustness of our findings. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted to elucidate the complex relationships between these variables, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots were utilized to visualize these interactions. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to ascertain the directionality of the causal relationship. Results The weighted, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between VAT and the risk of MDD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.635 (95% CI 1.004–2.664). Further analysis, after accounting for potential confounding factors, revealed a more pronounced association in women, with an OR of 1.903 (95% CI 1.051–3.445). Interaction analysis indicated a potential gender-specific association between VAT and MDD, suggesting that the relationship may differ by sex (P for interaction = 0.003). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship between VAT and MDD. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness and reliability of the results. Conclusion This study suggests that monitoring and managing VAT could enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of MDD and provide new insights for developing more effective treatment strategies.

Jung-Hyun Kim, Eugene Shim, Min Sook Kyung et al.

Objectives To apply a healthy dietary program with reduced sodium intake, developed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), focusing on the sodium intake level and eating patterns. Methods The program was implemented using a living lab model, an open innovation ecosystem for user-centered problem-solving. Analysis of the KNHANES data revealed that older age groups had a low energy intake but a high sodium intake, particularly among those who frequently dined out. The program was designed to improve sodium-reduction literacy and enhance practical competency. Over four weeks, 40 participants tracked their dietary intake and worked with a clinical nutritionist through a process of diagnosis, experience, improvement, and expansion. A self-administered survey was conducted before and after the program to assess effectiveness. Results Participants were four teenagers (10%), 26 in their twenties (65%), and 10 aged ≥ 30 years (25%), with eight males (20%) and 32 females (80%). Post-program analysis showed significant improvements in sodium-related nutrition knowledge (P < 0.01), with increased agreement on adopting low-sodium intake practices (e.g., interest in sodium content, choosing lower-sodium foods). Nutrient intake analysis showed a decrease in energy, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins (P < 0.001), with sodium intake decreasing from 3,382.37 mg/d to 2,119.05 mg/d (P < 0.001). Conclusion The community-based, living lab model for the sodium-reduction program effectively improved participant sodium-reduction literacy and practical competency, suggesting that step-by-step, autonomous learning, can reduce sodium intake and promote healthier eating habits.

A. V. Murasheva, T. L. Karonova, O. S. Fuks et al.

BACKGROUND: Chronic brain dyscirculation (CBD) is a common type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) complication that leads to the cognitive dysfunction. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) can reduce the stroke risk but their effect on CBD is not fully studied.AIM: To study and to compare the effect of SGLT-2i of various selectivity and GLP-1RA on the biochemical and functional parameters of CNS damage in patients with type 2 DM.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type 2 diabetic patients with target HbA1c level on metformin monotherapy were included in “MET” group (n=43), with non-target HbA1c were divided into groups: “MET+EMPA”, n=47, (empagliflozin therapy), “MET+CANA”, n=41, (canagliflozin therapy), “MET+GLP-1RA”, n=66 (therapy with injectable GLP-1RA). The “Control” group (n=23) consisted of healthy volunteers. In “Control” and “MET” groups at baseline, in the rest groups also after 3 and 6 months neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament light chains (NLC) levels and cognitive status were determined.RESULTS: NSE was increased in all DM patients. GLP-1RA therapy did not lead to NSE decrease. NSE decreased in “MET+EMPA” group after 3 months and in “MET+CANA” group after 6 months. NLC levels were elevated in patients with non-target HbA1c compared to “Control”. Both SGLT-2i caused a more pronounced decrease in LCN than GLP-1RA after 3 months; after 6 months NLC in all treatment groups did not differ from “Control” group. At baseline all DM patients had impaired cognitive function according to MOCA and MMSE. Empagliflozin treatment resulted in the improvement, but not normalization, of cognitive status by MOCA scale. Canagliflozin led to cognitive function normalization after 3 months and retention of the effect. GLP-1RA use was associated with mental function normalization after 6 months. Satisfactory glycemic control was achieved in all groups.CONCLUSION: Type 2 DM is characterized by CNS damage even with satisfactory glycemic control. GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i have a protective effect in CBD in DM; the protective potential of low-selective canagliflozin is probably more pronounced, as it manifests in biochemical and functional parameters improvement. The neurotropic effect of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i is not due solely to their effect on the glycemic profile.

Siphamandla Nyawose, Rowena Naidoo, Nenad Naumovski et al.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combined L-arginine and L-citrulline beverage can enhance total nitric oxide (NOx), as well as physiological (cardiopulmonary metrics) and perceptual (rate of perceived exertion) responses to a repeated bout of high-intensity exercise among university soccer players. Thirty male soccer players were included in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design. Participants performed two bouts of high-intensity running, spaced two hours apart. Forty minutes before the second bout only, participants consumed a 500 mL beverage containing 6 g L-arginine and 6 g L-citrulline (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Blood NOx concentration was measured immediately before and after both bouts. There was no significant increase in NOx or significant interaction effects for physiological, performance, or perceptual variables between the L-arginine/L-citrulline and placebo groups. The peak volume of oxygen uptake of the L-arginine/L-citrulline group was significantly higher in the second compared with the first exercise bout (54.92 ± 4.81 vs. 50.54 ± 9.22 mL/kg/min; <i>p</i> = 0.01). In the second bout of exercise, time to exhaustion in the L-arginine/L-citrulline group increased by 8.5% (~60 s) compared to the first. In conclusion, these results suggest that a single dose of L-arginine/L-citrulline beverage did not increase NOx yet seemed to impact aerobic metabolism in university soccer players.

M Profe-Fuchsloch, N Koen, M Wicks

Objectives: A study was undertaken to describe South African dietitians and key role players’ perceptions regarding their role in reporting food labelling legislation transgressions.Design: A multimethod study design was employed to explore a previously unstudied topic.Setting: Dietitians registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) together with key role players in food labelling in South Africa.Methods: Quantitative data were collected using a self-administered electronic questionnaire and qualitative data using a semi-structured interview guide. Quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and qualitative data using ATLAS.ti software. Data were analysed independently in the results section but integrated for interpretation of the findings.Results: In total, only 6% (n = 7) of the included dietitians (n = 126) reported food labelling transgressions, and 12% (n = 15) believed dietitians have a role to play in reporting transgressions. Interestingly, half of the included dietitians (50%, n = 63) stated they would report an identified transgression. Dietitians demonstrated a lack of awareness of the current food labelling regulations, with 43% wrongly identifying the draft regulation to consult. Almost all (99%, n = 125) of the included dietitians reported that their transgression reporting practices would improve if a clear guideline from the Department of Health: Directorate Food Control (DoH DFC) was available. Key role players (n = 8) cited enforcement issues and a perceived gap in dietitians’ understanding of legislation and reporting processes as barriers to reporting non-compliance. Key role players identified enablers such as awareness of regulations, contacts within the DoH DFC and familiarity with the reporting process for transgressions. They also provided insight on the proper procedure for reporting food labelling transgressions.Conclusion: The low prevalence of food labelling transgression reporting by dietitians stems from several barriers, including a perceived lack of confidence regarding the current regulation, awareness of the applicable legislation, uncertainty regarding the correct reporting procedure and scepticism that transgression reports will be acted upon. Regular communication regarding food and nutrition regulations and the development of an easy-to-use transgression reporting framework could support the implementation and impact of food labelling regulations in South Africa.

Aldair A. Meza-Santiago, Maria Guadalupe Hernandez-Herrera, Erick A. Zuñiga-Estrada et al.

While fruit is a common ingredient in beer, our research takes a unique approach by studying the effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) on the physicochemical and nutraceutical characteristics of craft fruit beer. These properties have been studied in PJ and other beverages using pomegranate; however, there is insufficient information on fruit beer. PJ, known for its health benefits, was obtained by compressing the fruit in a manual press and characterizing it. The base beer, a blonde ale with two hops, Cascade (C) and Saaz (S), was used. PJ was added to the beer during the second and third fermentation steps. Beer quality was analyzed using ASBC methods: phenolic compounds, sugars, and ethanol content by HPLC, and antioxidant capacity by ORAC. PJ presented a pH of 3.8 and 14°Brix. The beer evaluated was the third fermentation beer called 3FC and 3FS; due to the type of hops used, in general, 3FS presented better physicochemical characteristics; the relevant result was alcohol content around 6.0%, but ethanol content by HPLC was 7.36% for 3FS and 7.19% for 3FC. PJ in phenolic compounds provides the beer with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, epicatechin, and synaptic acid. However, the hop used influenced the phenolic profile of each beer. The antioxidant capacity of 3FC was higher at 19.75 mm ET/L. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that pomegranate juice in a fruit beer style provides good physicochemical and nutraceutical characteristics, offering a unique twist to the craft beer industry.

Leidy Alvarez, Javier Contreras, Mónica Giraldo

Background. It is postulated that cocoa solids possess cardioprotective capacity by various mechanisms. In the different cocoa studies evaluating cardiovascular disease, there are no conclusive data on the role it plays in controlling the lipid profile and anthropometric variables, perhaps because the concentration of cocoa, the geographical origin of the population, and the different concentrations supplied lead to a high heterogeneity of results. This study aims to estimate the effect of consuming cocoa-rich chocolate compared to placebo on the lipid profile and anthropometric variables based on data from three clinical trials conducted in Colombia. Methods. Meta-analysis of individual data from three randomized clinical trials conducted in Colombia. The entire population of the primary studies was included, which was reassigned into intervention groups if they consumed 50 grams of 70% concentrated cocoa or placebo, which was considered to be cocoa-free or with a concentration less than 50 grams. The variables at the beginning of the study were analyzed with medians, interquartile ranges, means, and deviations according to whether they met the normality assumption. Multiple imputations were used to manage missing data and were analyzed using the two approaches proposed for this type of study, that of one and two stages. In the two-stage approach, the data were weighted on a conventional Forrest plot, while in the one-stage approach, linear regressions with mixed models were applied. This study is governed by the regulations described in the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki and by article 11 of Resolution 8430 of 1993, which classifies it as a risk-free study. Results. A total of 275 participants were included, who consumed cocoa or placebo for 81 days on average; 52.7% were female and few smoked at the time of the intervention (31/275). Physical activity performed in number of hours per week was comparable between the intervention groups. When evaluating total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol (LDL), high-density cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides, abdominal circumference, and final body mass index with both the one-stage and two-stage approaches, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions. According to the results obtained in the meta-analysis, the consumption of cocoa in the Colombian population does not seem to significantly modify variables such as lipid profile, abdominal circumference, and body mass index. This conclusion according to the quality of the evidence has a weak recommendation and a low-to-moderate certainty. However, the analysis through the two proposed approaches yielded similar results.

Titus Priyo Harjatmo, Moch . Rachmat, Pritasari Pritasari et al.

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Garam dapur yang terfortifikasi umumnya merupakan sumber iodium yang baik. Survei yang telah dilakukan oleh Program Studi Diploma IV Gizi Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Jakarta pada 2015 di Kecamatan Warunggunung menunjukkan bahwa kadar iodium dalam garam rumah tangga yang positif mengandung iodium hanya sebesar 33,3%. Hal ini sangat jauh dari target yang telah ditetapkan pada Universal Salt Iodization (USI). Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar iodium dalam garam rumah tangga berdasarkan kadar iodium dalam garam yang dibeli responden. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sukarendah Kecamatan Warunggunung mengingat cakupan kadar iodium yang digunakan rumah tangga masih rendah sehingga perlu diteliti kadar iodium dalam garam yang dibeli rumah tangga. Sampel penelitian adalah rumah tangga yang mempunyai anak sekolah dasar di desa tersebut yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling sebanyak 60 rumah tangga dengan titik pusat klaster rumah Ketua RT. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2016. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif terhadap variabel penelitian. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar (75,0%) garam yang digunakan di rumah tangga dalam kategori negatif dan hanya 25,0% yang positif mengandung iodium sesuai dengan kadar yang ditentukan. Dari hasil pemeriksaan kadar iodium urine pada sampel anak sekolah dasar menunjukkan bahwa kadar iodium urine dalam kategori memadai namun dijumpai pada anak sekolah dasar yang kekurangan iodium dalam kategori sedang. Kesimpulan. Kadar Iodium dalam garam yang digunakan rumah tangga sebesar 75,0% dalam kategori kurang dari standar (30 ppm). Kecukupan iodium responden dalam kategori memadai berdasarkan nilai median Urine Iodine Excretion.

María Altamira, Analía Álvarez, javier Bringa et al.

Introduction: patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are studies in which it was observed that in patients with DM1, CVD appears at younger ages, compared with the general population. The association of vascular anomalies and atherosclerosis is very frequent in DM1, being the detection of thickening of the carotid intima media a useful method to perform the diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerotic disease. Objectives: to perform early detection of subclinical CVD, to know if there is a direct correlation between DM1 and various risk factors in order to establish early therapeutic measures

R. Semba

Natalya Vladislavovna Zaytseva, Ivona Renata Jarek-Martynova

Aim. To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined glimepiride and metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods. A multi-centre, open-label, prospective, observational study was conducted. A total of 1200 patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin, glimepiride or combination of metformin + glimepiride were enrolled. Change in serum glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial blood glucose (PPG) levels; weight; waist circumference and hypoglycemic episodes were evaluated. Results. Baseline HbA1c levels (8.24% ? 0.42%) were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of treatment (7.48% ? 0.48%) and at the end of the study. (6.88% ? 0.56%). Target HbA1c levels (?7%) were achieved in 65.1% of patients at the final visit at 24 weeks. FPG and PPG levels decreased by 1.45 ? 1.14 mmol/l and 2.17 ? 1.27 mmol/l respectively (p < 0.001). No severe hypoglycemic events were reported. Body mass index reduced by 0.85 ? 1.28 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion. . Combined glimepiride and metformin therapy significantly improved long-term glycemic control in patients with T2DM during the period of 24 weeks. without additional risk of hypoglycemic events or weight gain.

L. H. Foster, S. Sumar

G. Gissel-nielsen, U. Gupta, M. Lamand et al.

M. Meydani

Elsa Jiménez-Morán, Montserrat Bacardí-Gascón, Arturo Jiménez-Cruz

Antecedentes: En la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos existe una deficiencia de micronutrientes, retraso en el crecimiento, y altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. En la actualidad se ha asociado la deficiencia de zinc con el retraso del crecimiento infantil. El propósito de esta revisión, fue analizar artículos sobre estudios aleatorizados que evaluaron el efecto de la suplementación con zinc y el crecimiento infantil. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de la literatura en la base de datos de PubMed con las palabras claves "Micronutrient supplementation and growth", publicados de enero de 2005 a abril de 2013. Se identificaron 34 estudios aleatorizados controlados (EAC) realizados en Latinoamérica, de los cuales cinco reunieron los criterios de inclusión. Se añadió un estudio referido por otros autores. Resultados: Los estudios se realizaron en Brasil, Cuba, Perú, Ecuador, y Guatemala. En ningún estudio se observó el efecto positivo del zinc sobre el crecimiento lineal. Conclusión: La revisión realizada sugiere que la suplementación con zinc no tiene un efecto significativo sobre el crecimiento lineal; sin embargo, podría tener beneficios sobre el crecimiento en niños con deficiencia de zinc si se añaden otros nutrientes en deficiencia.

K. Sardana, S. Mahajan, R. Sarkar et al.

J. Kaludjerovic, R. Vieth