Hasil untuk "physics.space-ph"

Ying-hong Guan, Jun Ma, Xu-chun Li et al.

Jin-Zhi Du, Xiao-Jiao Du, Chengqiong Mao et al.

G. Hofmann, J. Smith, K. Johnson et al.

The effect of Ocean Acidification (OA) on marine biota is quasi-predictable at best. While perturbation studies, in the form of incubations under elevated pCO2, reveal sensitivities and responses of individual species, one missing link in the OA story results from a chronic lack of pH data specific to a given species' natural habitat. Here, we present a compilation of continuous, high-resolution time series of upper ocean pH, collected using autonomous sensors, over a variety of ecosystems ranging from polar to tropical, open-ocean to coastal, kelp forest to coral reef. These observations reveal a continuum of month-long pH variability with standard deviations from 0.004 to 0.277 and ranges spanning 0.024 to 1.430 pH units. The nature of the observed variability was also highly site-dependent, with characteristic diel, semi-diurnal, and stochastic patterns of varying amplitudes. These biome-specific pH signatures disclose current levels of exposure to both high and low dissolved CO2, often demonstrating that resident organisms are already experiencing pH regimes that are not predicted until 2100. Our data provide a first step toward crystallizing the biophysical link between environmental history of pH exposure and physiological resilience of marine organisms to fluctuations in seawater CO2. Knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation in seawater chemistry allows us to improve the design of OA experiments: we can test organisms with a priori expectations of their tolerance guardrails, based on their natural range of exposure. Such hypothesis-testing will provide a deeper understanding of the effects of OA. Both intuitively simple to understand and powerfully informative, these and similar comparative time series can help guide management efforts to identify areas of marine habitat that can serve as refugia to acidification as well as areas that are particularly vulnerable to future ocean change.

T. A. Krulwich, G. Sachs, E. Padan

G. Nicol, S. Leininger, C. Schleper et al.

Y. Al-Degs, M. El‐Barghouthi, A. El‐Sheikh et al.

P. Gupta, K. Vermani, S. Garg

G. Helmlinger, F. Yuan, M. Dellian et al.

S. Ohkuma, B. Poole

J. Koufman

Kateryna Zhalnina, Raquel Dias, Patrícia Dörr de Quadros et al.

Jun Yin, Ying Hu, Juyoung Yoon

Chuanxi Wang, zhenzhu xu, Hao Cheng et al.

M. Koziolek, M. Grimm, D. Becker et al.

Christopher C. Deng, William L. A. Brooks, K. Abboud et al.

A. Chilingarian, L. Hovhannisyan, B. Sargsyan et al.

This work presents a unified conceptual and observational framework that reinterprets these radiation bursts as manifestations of the same runaway processes happening at different atmospheric depths (Dual-stage model, DSM). We review recent results from satellite (ASIM), aircraft (ALOFT), balloon (HELEN), and ground-based (SEVAN and KANAZAWA) experiments to demonstrate the advantages of this integrated approach. This study addresses key contradictions in the field, introduces new classification criteria based on physics rather than detector location, and enhances our understanding of particle acceleration in thunderstorms.

W. Guo, Chun-hua Lu, R. Orbach et al.

Špela Zupančič, Z. Lavrič, J. Kristl

Katherine M. Strickler, A. Fremier, C. Goldberg

Jorge Enrique García-Farieta, Alejandro Hurtado

Earth's magnetosphere, beyond protecting the ozone layer, is a natural phenomena which allows to study the interaction between charged particles from solar activity and electromagnetic fields. In this paper we studied trajectories of charged particles interacting with a constant dipole magnetic field as first approach of the Earth's magnetosphere using different initial conditions. As a result of this interaction there is a formation of well defined radiation regions by a confinement of charged particles around the lines of the magnetic field. These regions, called Van Allen radiation belts, are described by classical electrodynamics and appear naturally in the numerical modeling done in this work.